NCERT Solutions Class 12 Maths Chapter 7

Integrals

Question 1:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection,
.

Solution:

Thus, the anti-derivative of sin 2x is

Question 2:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection,
.

Solution:

Thus, the anti-derivative of is

Question 3:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection,
.
Solution:

Thus, the anti-derivative of is .

Question 4:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection,
.

Solution:

Thus, the anti-derivative of is

Question 5:
Find an anti-derivative (or integral) of the following functions by the method of inspection,

Solution:

Thus, the anti-derivative of is

Find the following integrals in Exercises 6 to 20:

Question 6:
Solution:

Question 7:

Solution:

Question 8:

Solution:

Question 9:
Solution:

Question 10:

Solution:

Question 11:

Solution:

Question 12:
Solution:

Question 13:

Solution:

Question 14:

Solution:
Question 15:

Solution:

Question 16:

Solution:

Question 17:

Solution:
Question 18:

Solution:

Question 19:

Solution:
Question 20:

Solution:

Choose the correct answer in Exercises 21 and 22

Question 21:

The anti-derivative of equals

Solution:

Thus, the correct option is C.

Question 22:

If such that , then is

Solution:

Given,

Anti-derivative of
Therefore,

Also,

Thus, the correct option is A.

 EXERCISE 7.2

Integrate the functions in Exercises 1 to 37:

Question 1:

Solution:
Put
Therefore,

Question 2:

Solution:
Put

Therefore,

Question 3:

Solution:

Put
Therefore,

Question 4:

Solution:
Put
Therefore,

Question 5:

Solution:

Put
Therefore,

Question 6:

Solution:
Put
Therefore,
Question 7:

Solution:

Question 8:
Solution:

Question 9:

Solution:

Question 10:
Solution:

Question 11:

Solution:
Question 12:

Solution:

Question 13:

Solution:
Question 14:

Solution:

Question 15:

Solution:
Put,

Question 16:

Solution:
Put,
Question 17:

Solution:
Put,

Question 18:

Solution:
Put,

Question 19:

Solution:

Dividing Nr and Dr by , we get

Let

Question 20:

Solution:
Put,

Question 21:

Solution:

Put,
Question 22:

Solution:

Put,

Question 23:

Solution:

Put,
Question 24:

Solution:

Question 25:

Solution:
Question 26:

Solution:
Let

Question 27:

Solution:
Put,
So,

Question 28:

Solution:
Put,
Question 29:

Solution:
Let

Question 30:

Solution:
Put,
Question 31:

Solution:
Put,

Question 32:

Solution:

Let I
Question 33:

Solution:

Put, I

Question 34:

Solution:

Question 35:
Solution:
Put,

Question 36:

Solution:

Question 37:

Solution:
Put,

Let
From (1), we get

Choose the correct answer in Exercises 38 and 39.

Question 38:

equals

Solution:
Put,

Thus, the correct option is D.

Question 39:

equals

Solution:

Put,
Thus, the correct option is B.
 EXERCISE 7.3

Find the integrals of the functions in Exercises 1 to 22:

Question 1:

Solution:

Question 2:

Solution:

Using,

Question 3:
Solution:

Using,

Question 4:

Solution:
Put, I
Question 5:

Solution:
Let I

Let

Question 6:

Solution:

Using,
Question 7:

Solution:

Using,

Question 8:

Solution:
Question 9:

Solution:

Question 10:
Solution:

Question 11:
Solution:

Question 12:

Solution:
Question 13:

Solution:

Question 14:

Solution:

Let
Question 15:

Solution:
Question 16:

Solution:

Consider
Let

From equation (1), we get

Question 17:

Solution:
Question 18:

Solution:

Question 19:

Solution:

Let
Question 20:

Solution:

Let

Question 21:

Solution:

Let
Then,
Let

We know that,

Substituting in equation (1), we get

Question 22:

Solution:

Choose the correct answer in Exercises 23 and 24.

Question 23:

is equal to

Solution:

Thus, the correct option is A.

Question 24:

equals

Solution:

Put,

Thus, the correct answer is B.

 EXERCISE 7.4

Integrate the functions in Exercises 1 to 23

Question 1:

Solution:
Put,

Question 2:

Solution:
Put,

Question 3:

Solution:
Put,
Question 4:

Solution:
Put,

Question 5:

Solution:
Let
Question 6:

Solution:
Put,

Question 7:

Solution:

For let
From (1), we get

Question 8:

Solution:
Put,

Question 9:

Solution:
Put,
Question 10:

Solution:

Let

Question 11:
Solution:

Question 12:

Solution:
can be written as
Thus,
Question 13:

Solution:
can be written as
Thus,

Let

Question 14:

Solution:
Thus,

Question 15:

Solution:

Thus,
Let

Question 16:

Solution:

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we get

Question 17:

Solution:

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we get

From (1) we get

Then,
From equation (2) we get

Question 18:
Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we get

Let

can be written as
Thus,
Substituting equations (2) and (3) in equation (1), we get

Question 19:

Solution:
Put,

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get

Let

Then,

and
Thus,

Substituting equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Question 20:

Solution:

Consider,

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we get

Let
Then,

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Question 21:

Solution:
Let

Put,

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Question 22:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we get

Let

Then,
Put,

Substituting (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Question 23:
Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get

Let

Then,

Put,

Using equations (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Choose the correct answer in Exercises 24 and 25.

Question 24:

equals

Solution:

Hence, the correct option is B.

Question 25:

equals
Solution:

Hence, the correct option is B.

 EXERCISE 7.5

Integrate the rational functions in Exercises 1 to 21.

Question 1:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get

On solving, we get

Question 2:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constants term, we get

On solving, we get
Question 3:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant terms, we get

Solving these equations, we get

Question 4:

Solution:

Let
Equating the coefficients of and constant terms, we get

Solving these equations, we get

Question 5:

Solution:

Equating the coefficients of x and constant terms, we get

Solving these equations, we get

Question 6:

Solution:
It can be seen that the given integrand is not a proper fraction.
Therefore, on dividing by , we get
Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get

Solving these equations, we get

Substituting in equation (1), we get

Question 7:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

From equation (1), we get

Consider , let

Question 8:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

Question 9:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

Question 10:

Solution:

Let
Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving, we get

Question 11:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving, we get
Question 12:

Solution:
On dividing by , we get

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving, we get

Question 13:
Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

Question 14:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficient of x and constant term, we get

Question 15:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving, we get
Question 16:

[Hint: multiply numerator and denominator by and put ]

Solution:

Multiplying numerator and denominator by , we get

Equating the coefficients of t and constant term, we get

Question 17:

[Hint: Put ]

Solution:

Put,

Let

Equating the coefficients of t and constant, we get

On solving, we get
Question 18:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

Question 19:
Solution:

Put,

Equating the coefficients of t and constant, we get

On solving, we get

Question 20:

Solution:

Multiplying Nr and Dr by , we get

Equating the coefficients of t and constant, we get

Question 21:

[Hint: Put ]

Solution:
Put

Equating the coefficients of t and constant, we get

Question 22:

equals

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constant, we get

Thus, the correct option is B.

Question 23:

equals

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant terms, we get

Thus, the correct option is A.

 EXERCISE 7.6

Integrate the functions in Exercises 1 to 22.

Question 1:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts,

Question 2:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts,

Question 3:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get
Again using integration by parts, we get

Question 4:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Question 5:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get
Question 6:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Question 7:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get
Question 8:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get
Question 9:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get
Question 10:

Solution:

Let

Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Question 11:

Solution:

Let

Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Question 12:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Question 13:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Question 14:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Again, using integration by parts, we get

Question 15:

Solution:
Let
Let
Where,

Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Taking and and integrating by parts,

Using equations and in ,

Question 16:

Solution:
Let
Let

Question 17:

Solution:
Question 18:

Solution:

Let
It is known that,
From equation , we get

Question 19:

Solution:

Let

Here,
It is known that,
Question 20:

Solution:

Let
It is known that,

Question 21:

Solution:
Let
Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Again, using integration by parts, we get

Question 22:

Solution:

Let
Using integration by parts, we get

Question 23:
equals

A.

B.

C.

D.

Solution:

Let
Also, let

Thus, the correct option is A.

Question 24:
equals
A.
B.
C.
D.
Solution:

Consider,
Let
It is known that,

Thus, the correct option is B.

 EXERCISE 7.7

Integrate the functions in Exercises 1 to 9.

Question 1:

Solution:

Let

Since,

Question 2:

Solution:

Since,
Question 3:

Solution:

Question 4:

Solution:

Consider,
Question 5:

Solution:

Question 6:

Solution:

Question 7:

Solution:

Put,
Question 8:

Solution:

Question 9:

Solution:
Question 10:

is equal to

Solution:

Thus, the correct option is A.

Question 11:

is equal to

Solution:

Thus, the correct option is D.

 EXERCISE 7.8

Evaluate the following definite integrals as limit of sums.

Question 1:

Solution:

Since, where
Here,
Question 2:

Solution:

Let

Since, , where
Here,

Question 3:

Solution:
Since,

, where
Here,
Question 4:

Solution:

Let

Let where

Since, , where

For,
For
From equations (2) and (3), we get

Question 5:

Solution:

Let

Since, , where

Here,
Question 6:

Solution:

Since,

, where
Here,
 EXERCISE 7.9

Evaluate the definite integrals in Exercises 1 to 20.

Question 1:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 2:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 3:

Solution:

Let
Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 4:

Solution:

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 5:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 6:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 7:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 8:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 9:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 10:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 11:

Solution:

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 12:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 13:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 14:

Solution:

Let
Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 15:

Solution:

Let
Put,
As and as

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 16:

Solution:

Let
Dividing , we get

Let

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term, we get

Let

Substituting the value in (1), we get

Question 17:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 18:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 19:

Solution:

Let

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 20:

Solution:

Let
Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Question 21:

Solution:

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Thus, the correct option is D.

Question 22:

Solution:

Put

Using second fundamental theorem of calculus, we get

Thus, the correct option is C.

 EXERCISE 7.10

Evaluate the integrals in Exercises 1 to 8 using substitution.

Question 1:

Solution:

Put,
When, and when

Question 2:

Solution:

Consider,
Let

When
Question 3:

Solution:

Consider,
Let

When

Taking and and integrating by parts, we get

Question 4:

Solution:

Put,
Question 5:

Solution:

Put,

When

Question 6:

Solution:

Let
Question 7:

Solution:

Put,

When
Question 8:

Solution:

Put,
When

Let

Then,

Question 9:

The value of the integral is

A. 6
B. 0

C. 3
D. 4
Solution:

Consider,
Let

When and when

Put

When and when

Thus, the correct option is A.

Question 10:

If , then is
Solution:

Using integration by parts, we get

Thus, the correct option is B.

 EXERCISE 7.11

By using the properties of definite integrals, evaluate the integrals in Exercises 1 to 19.

Question 1:

Solution:

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 2:

Solution:

Consider,
Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 3:

Solution:

Let

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 4:

Solution:
Consider,

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 5:

Solution:

Let
As, on and on
Question 6:

Solution:

Consider,
As

Question 7:

Solution:

Consider,
Question 8:

Solution:

Let
Question 9:

Solution:

Consider,

Question 10:

Solution:

Consider,

Since,

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 11:

Solution:

Let
As , therefore is an even function.

If is an even function, then

Question 12:

Solution:

Let

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 13:

Solution:

Let
As , thus is an odd function.

is an odd function, then

Question 14:

Solution:

Let

We know that,

, if
if

Question 15:

Solution:

Consider,

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 16:

Solution:

Consider,

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Adding (4) and (5), we get

Question 17:

Solution:

Let …(1)

We know that,

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 18:

Solution:

Since,

Question 19:

Show that if f and g are defined as

Solution:

Let

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 20:

The value of is
A. 0
B. 2
C.
D. 1

Solution:

Consider,

For an even function, then

If is an odd function, then

And

Thus, the correct is option C.

Question 21:

The value of is
A. 2

B.
C. 0
D. -2

Solution:

Let

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Thus, the correct option is C.

 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE

Integrate the functions in Exercises 1 to 24.

Question 1:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant terms, we get

On solving these equations, we get

From equation (1), we get

Question 2:

Solution:

Question 3:

Solution:

Let
Question 4:

Solution:

Multiplying and dividing by , we get

Let
Question 5:

Solution:

Let
Question 6:

Solution:

Consider,

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

From equation (1), we get

Question 7:

Solution:

Put,
Question 8:

Solution:

Question 9:

Solution:

Put,
Question 10:

Solution:

Question 11:

Solution:

Multiplying and dividing by , we get

Question 12:

Solution:

Put,
Question 13:

Solution:

Put

Question 14:

Solution:

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

From equation (1), we get

Question 15:

Solution:

Let

Question 16:

Solution:

Let
Question 17:

Solution:

Put,

Question 18:

Solution:

Put,
Question 19:

Solution:

Let

As we know that,

Let
Also, let
From equation (1), we get

Question 20:

Solution:

Put,
Question 21:

Solution:

Let

Question 22:

Solution:

Let

Equating the coefficients of and constant term, we get

On solving these equations, we get

From equation (1), we get

Question 23:

Solution:

Let
Question 24:

Solution:

Let

Using integration by parts, we get

Question 25:

Solution:

Let

Question 26:

Solution:

Let
Put,

When and when

Question 27:

Solution:

Consider,
Consider,
Put,

When and when

Therefore, from (1), we get

Question 28:

Solution:

Consider,

Let

When and when

As , therefore, is an even function

We know that if is an even function, then

Question 29:

Solution:

Consider,

Question 30:

Solution:

Consider,
Put,

When and when

Question 31:

Solution:

Consider,
Put,

When and when

Consider
Question 32:

Solution:

Let

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Question 33:

Solution:

Consider,

Where,
From equations (1), (2), (3) and (4), we get

Question 34:

Solution:

Consider,

Let,
Equating the coefficients of and constant terms, we get

On solving these equations, we get

Hence proved.

Question 35:

Solution:

Let
Using integration by parts, we get

Hence proved.
Question 36:

Solution:

Consider,
Let

is an odd function.

We know that if is an odd function, then

Hence proved.

Question 37:

Solution:

Consider,

Hence proved.
Question 38:

Solution:

Consider,

Hence proved.

Question 39:

Solution:

Let

Using integration by parts, we get

Put,
When and when

Hence proved.
Question 40:

Evaluate as a limit of a sum.

Solution:

Let
We know that,

Where,
Here, and

Question 41:

is equal to
Solution:

Consider,

Put,

Thus, the correct option is A.

Question 42:

is

Equals to

Solution:

Consider,

Let
Thus, the correct option is B.

Question 43:

If , then is equal to

Solution:

Consider,

Thus, the correct option is D.

Question 44:

The value of is
A. 1
B. 0
C. -1

D.

Solution:

Consider,

Adding (1) and (2), we get

Thus, the correct option is B.