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Example: Short column with axial load C11

Rectangular column design by PROKON. (RecCol Ver W2.5.09 - 01 Sep 2011)

Design code : BS8110 - 1997

Input tables
General design parameters and loads:
Load Ultimate Limit State Design Loads
case Description
P (kN) Mx top (kNm) My top (kNm) Mx bot (kNm) My bot (kNm)
1 DL+LL 300 40 40

h (mm) 500
b (mm) 300
d'x (mm) 30
d'y (mm) 30
Lo (m) 4
fcu(MPa) 30
fy (MPa) 410
Y

General design parameters: 500

Given:
h = 500 mm
b = 300 mm
d'x = 30 mm 250 X X

d'y = 30 mm
Lo = 4.000 m
fcu = 30 MPa
fy = 410 MPa 0

Design chart for bending about the X-X axis: Y

250
0

Column design chart (X-X)

Moment max = 830.9kNm @ 990 kN

5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
50.0

500
100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

 Job Number Sheet
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 460.0kNm @ 990 kN

5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0

500
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Therefore:

Ac = b . h
= .3 ×.5
= 0.1500 m²

h' = h - d' x
= .5 - .03
= 0.4700 m

b' = b - d' y
= .3 - .03
= 0.2700 m

Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.
 Job Number Sheet
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Design approach:
The column is designed using the following procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) The design axis and design ultimate moment is determined .
(3) The steel required for the design axial force and moment is read from the
relevant design chart.
(4) The area steel perpendicular to the design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
The column is braced.
\ ?x = 0.85 Table 3.21

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
The column is braced.
\ ?y = 0.85 Table 3.21

Effective column height:

lex = ßx . Lo
= .85 ×4
= 3.400 m

ley = ßy . Lo
= .85 ×4
= 3.400 m

Column slenderness about both axes:

lex
lx =
h
3.4
=
.5
= 6.800

ley
ly =
b
3.4
=
.3
= 11.333
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Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity: 3.8.2.4
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the eccentricity
exceeds the minimum about one axis at a time.

For the worst effect, apply the minimum eccentricity about the minor axis:

eminx = 0.05 . h
= 0.05 ×.5
= 0.0250 m

eminy = 0.05 . b
= 0.05 ×.3
= 0.0150 m

Mmin = emin . N
= .015 ×300
= 4.500 kNm

Check if the column is slender: 3.8.1.3

lx = 6.8 < 15

ly = 11.3 < 15

\ The column is short.

Initial moments:
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 40.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.2

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×40
= 24.000 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×40
= 16.000 kNm
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\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 40.0 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 40.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.2

Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×40
= 24.000 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×40
= 16.000 kNm

\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 40.0 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 300.0 kN

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 40.0 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 24.0 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 0.0 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=40.0 kNm
Mxtop=40.0 kNm Mxmin=6.0 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=0.0 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the Y-Y:
At the top, My = 40.0 kNm
Near mid-height, My = 24.0 kNm
At the bottom, My = 4.5 kNm
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Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=40.0 kNm
Mytop=40.0 kNm Mymin=4.5 kNm

+ =

Mybot=0.0 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection:
The critical section lies at the top end of the column.

The column is bi-axially bent. The moments are added vectorially

to obtain the design moment:
Mx/h = 85.1 < My/b = 148.1

The effective uniaxial design moment about the Y-Y axis:

7.
N
6
ß=1 - . .
b h fcu
7
×300000
6
=1 -
.3 ×.5 ×3000×104
= 0.9222

ß . (b - dcy ) .
M' y = My + Mx
h - dcx
.92222 ×(.3 - .03 )
= 40000 + ×40000
.5 - .03
= 61.19×103 kNm
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

For bending about the design axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 460.0kNm @ 990 kN

5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0

500
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

Minimum reinforcement required for bending about the Y-Y axis only:
From the design chart, Asc = 612 mm² = 0.41%

For bending about the design axis - use the Y-axis:

Column design chart (Y-Y)

Moment max = 460.0kNm @ 990 kN

5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)

1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0

500
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2500
-3000

Bending moment (kNm)

 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:

Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm)M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm)Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) Asc (mm²)
X-X 0.0 40.0 40.0 0.0 Y-Y 40.0 612 (0.41%)
1 Y-Y 300.0 0.0 40.0 40.0 0.0 Top 40.0 61.2 612 (0.41%)