Project Report 12

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi – 590018, Approved by AICTE & ISO 9001:2015 Certified)
Accredited by National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with „A‟ grade
Project Report on
“Unique Efficient Way Usage of Wind Energy Along with Solar Energy”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Submitted by
NAME OF THE CANDIDATES USN
BALAJI K.A 1DS16EE021

R ADITYA RAM 1DS18EE094
DAVAL PEERSAB NADAF 1DS18EE405
SRINIVASA BJ 1DS18EE428
Under the Guidance of

Mrs. Suchana Mishra
Assistant professor
Dept. of E&E Engg.
DSCE, Bengaluru-560078
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout
Bengaluru-560078
2021-22
Accredited by National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with „A‟ grade
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout
Bengaluru-560078
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certified that Project Work Phase-1 report entitled “Unique Efficient Way Usage of Wind Energy Along
With Solar energy” carried out by BALAJI K A, R ADITYA RAM, DAVAL PEERSAB NADAF,
SRINIVASA B J bearing USN:1DS16EE021, 1DS18EE094, 1DS18EE405, 1DS18EE428 are bonafide
students of DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, an autonomous institute affiliated to
VTU, Belagavi in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering during the year 2021-2022. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the Report. The Project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the above said Degree.
Signature of the Internal Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the principal
Mrs. Suchana Mishra Dr. P. Usha Dr. C P S Prakash
Assistant Professor Professor & HOD Principal
Dept. of E&E Engg. Dept. of E&E Engg. DSCE, Bengaluru-78
DSCE, Bengaluru - 78 DSCE, Bengaluru – 78
Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1........................................... .........................................
2........................................... ..........................................
DECLARATION
We, Balaji K.A (1DS16EE021), R Adithya Ram (1DS18EE094), Daval Peersab Nadaf (1DS18EE405) and
Srinivasa BJ (1DS18EE428), students of 8th semester B.E in electrical and electronics engineering,
dayananda sagar college of engineering, Bangalore, hereby declare that the project work entitled
“Unique Efficient Way Usage of Wind Energy Along With Solar Energy ” has been independently done
by us under the guidance of „Suchana Mishra‟, Assistant Professor , EEE department and submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical
& Electronics Engineering, at Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, an autonomous institution
affiliated to VTU, Belagavi during the academic year 2021-2022.
We further declare that we have not submitted this report either in part or in full to any other university
for the award of any degree.
NAMES: USN
BALAJI K A 1DS16EE021
ADITYA RAM 1DS18EE094
DAVAL PEERSAB NADAF 1DS18EE405
SRINIVASA B J 1DS18EE428
PLACE: Bengaluru
DATE:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without mention of the people would be possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the
efforts with success.
We are extremely grateful to Dr. P Usha, head of department, department of electrical and electronics
engineering, DSCE for her valuable suggestion and guidance in the preparation of the project report.
We would like to express profound gratitude to our guide Suchana Mishra, Asst professor, Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, DSCE for her invaluable support, encouragement, supervision, useful
suggestion throughout this project work. Her moral support enabled us to complete our work successfully and in
time.
It would not have been possible for us to forge ahead with our work if it were not for the constant support,
understanding and encouragement provided by our project coordinator Mrs. Sreevidya T.R, Asst Professor and
all the faculties of electrical and electronics department, Dayananda Sagar college of engineering.
We are grateful to our parents, friends and many more for their moral support and helped us throughout the
project
BALAJI K A
R ADITYA RAM
DAVAL NADAF
SRINVASA BJ
Department of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE

NO.
I. DECLARATION
II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
III. LIST OF CONTENTS
IV. LIST OF FIGURES
V. LIST OF TABLES
VI. CO-PO MAPPING OF PROJECT
VII. ABSTRACT
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of Wind Energy
1.3 Importance of solar energy
1.4 Importance of hybrid system
1.5 Objectives
2 LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Literature Survey
3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 10
3.1 Block diagram
3.2 Circuit Diagram
3.3 Working principle
3.4 Hybrid System
4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 11
4.1 Metal Frame
4.2 Generator
4.3 Rotor Blades

4.4 Solar charge controller
4.5 Wind vane
4.6 Boost Converter
4.7 Solar panel
4.8 Battery
5 TEST,RESULTS,ANALYSIS 15
5.1 Result
5.2Problem Definition
5.3 Advantages
5.4Limitations
5.5Applications
5.6Future Scope
5.7Conclusion
References

LIST OF FIGURES
FIG NAME OF THE FIGURES PAGE NO

NO.
3.1 Block diagram of proposed model
3.2 Circuit diagram
3.3 Pro Proposed working model
3.4 Hybrid system
4.1 Metal frame
4.2 DC Generator
4.3 Turbine blades
4.4.1 Solar charge controller
4.4.2 Solar charge controller circuit
4.5 Wind vane
4.6 Boost converter
4.7 Solar Panel
4.8.1 Battery
4.8.2 Discharge Characteristics battery

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
NO.
4.2 Dc Generator Specification table
4.4.3 Specification of Solar charge controller
4.6.1 Booster test results
4.7 Specification of solar panal
4.8.1 Specification table battery
5.1 Test results

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Project Course Outcomes and Mapping
CO1 Able to generate, develop an idea and information to carry out project work
CO2 Analyze and assemble the basic information to find a tangible solution of the
complex engineering problem by using suitable method/procedure.
CO3 Use/ implement modern Engineering tools/ technologies to get optimized results
CO4 Adapt collaborative skills to work in team.
CO5 Develop presentation, communication and report writing skills
CO6 Apply the knowledge and understanding of principles of management, finance and
engineering in their project work
CO-PO
CO‟S\ Mapping
PO‟S\
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
PSO
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
CO6

ABSTRACT
In modern time, wind power technology has been growing widely. With the incorporation of
Wind turbines together with the electrical grid, it is necessary for the system operators to
know the behavior of wind turbine under all the operating areas of interest in the power
system such as calculation of wind speed, modelling, control and stability analysis of the
wind system connected with electric grids are of importance in the modern power system.
The problem related to the various effects of wind energy when integrated with the power
system on the stability of the system is gaining more interest of researchers because of
increasing of its penetration level. In this project review on various effects of wind power
incorporation on the power system stability and several methods for the enhancement of the
small signal stability of wind system integrated with electric grid with solar energy system is
presented.
This approach leads self-sufficiency in electricity and provides pollution free electrical
energy to the consumers. This project reports the design approach of the system development
including the cost factors involved.
UNIQUE EFFICIENT WAY USAGE OF WIND ENERGY ALONG WITH SOLAR
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Wind is the indirect form of solar energy and is always being replenished by the sun
energy. Wind energy is associated with the kinetic energy of flowing wind. It is created from
point where the sun's radiation, which in combination with other factors such as tilt and
displacement of the Earth in Space or we can say that it is caused due to differential heating
of the earth’s surface by the sun. Winds are essentially caused by the solar heating of the
atmosphere. They carry enormous quantity energy. Wind power has been used for centuries
to sail vessels, pump water, and grind wheat and corn. But now a days every year the winds
provide 26000 trillion kwh of which one-third is recoverable. Wind as a source of power
because it is plentiful, inexhaustible, renewable, and non-polluting. There is no depletion of
scarce resources. Wind blows for 365 days in a year and this gives them an advantages over
sunlight energy. Unfortunately this source of power is non steady and unreliable. There is
wide variations in the speed and direction of winds. Wind is the indirect form of solar energy
and is always being replenished by the sun energy. Wind energy is associated with the kinetic
energy of flowing wind. It is created from point where the sun's radiation, which in
combination with other factors such as tilt and displacement of the Earth in Space or we can
say that it is caused due to differential heating of the earth’s surface by the sun. Indian wind
speed lies between 5km/hr to 15-20 km/hr. India has potential of over 20000MW of power.
A wind generator develops lesser power in summer than in winter at the same wind speed as
the air has lower density in summer than in winter. A wind generator produces lesser power
in higher altitudes as air pressure as well as air density is lower than that at lower altitudes.
Vankusawade Wind Park in Maharashtra of 259MW.
The sun is the primary source of energy. Solar energy appears to be the most
promising among the non conventional sources of energy. In Country like India 3200km of
equator, use of such energy can be economically significant. The use of solar energy is
therefore of special important for India. Most of the areas in India receives high intensity
fairly uniform sunshine for 6 to 8 hours a day and roughly 10 months a year. Solar energy is
already being used in many advanced countries, both for domestics and commercial purposes
Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 1

such as water heating, water distillation, drying etc. A solar powered pump is more friendly
and economical in its operation, the energy produced by solar cells is used. Wind and solar
energy provides a viable and environmentally friendly option and national energy security at
a time when decreasing global reserves of fossil fuels resources threatens the long-term
sustainability of global economy.
1.2 Importance of Wind Energy
The wind is a free, clean and inexhaustible energy source. The wind is non-conventional
and renewable, significant sustainable energy source. It was the first natural source used
by the mankind. It is one of the most environment friendly and economically viable
source of energy. Wind is nothing but an air set in motion. Wind power causes no air as
well as water pollution. Also, the electricity produced from wind power do not emit CO2
hence no greenhouse effect observed. The wind energy harnessed as mechanical energy
can be used for two purposes;
 For the operation of mechanical devices like water pumps, appliances useful for
forming or
 For the generation of electrical power.
In general, over the land area of earth, the wind energy generated is about 1.65 x 10
kWh.The kinetic energy of wind can be easily converted to electrical energy. The
characteristics of wind are as follows, In hilly and coastal areas, the average wind speed
is greater than that in land. The wind tends to blow more constantly and with greater
strength over the surface of water as the surface drag is less. The wind speed increases
with increase in height. Because as height increases, the dragging effect of the earth's
surface reduces. The wind power Pw depends on area of the rotor, density of air and wind
speed. The mathematical expression is
Pw = ½ p A Vm3
p = Density of air (in kg/m')
A = Area of the rotor portion swept by wind (in m^2)
Vw =Wind speed (in m/sec)

1.3 Importance of solar energy
All life on earth is supported by the sun. This amazing resource radiates energy and
provides us both heat and light by fusing hydrogen into helium at its core. We call this solar
radiation. Only about half of this solar radiation makes it to the Earth’s surface. The rest is
either absorbed or reflected by clouds and the atmosphere. Still, we receive enough power
from the sun to meet the power demands of all mankind millions of times over. Solar energy
power from the sun is a vast, inexhaustible, and clean resource.
Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and businesses,
for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of other
commercial and industrial uses. Most critical, given the growing concern over climate
change, is the fact that solar electricity generation represents a clean alternative to electricity
from fossil fuels, with no air and water pollution, no global warming pollution, no risks of
electricity price spikes, and no threats to our public health.
The solar resource is enormous. According to the Department of Energy, the amount of
sunlight that strikes the earth’s surface in an hour and a half is enough to handle the entire
world’s energy consumption for a full year. Just 18 days of sunshine on Earth contains the
same amount of energy as is stored in all of the planet’s reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas.
And, once a system is in place to harness the solar resource and convert it into useful energy,
the fuel is free.
1.4 Importance of hybrid system
According to many renewable energy experts, a small "hybrid" electric system that
combines home wind electric and home solar electric (photovoltaic or PV) technologies
offers several advantages over either single system.Wind speeds are low in the summer when
the sun shines brightest and longest. The wind is strong in the winter when less sunlight is
available. Because of the peak operating times for wind and solar systems occur at different

times of the day and year, hybrid systems are more likely to produce power when you need
it.
Many hybrid systems are stand-alone systems, which operate "off-grid" that is, not connected
to an electricity distribution system. For the times when neither the wind nor the solar system
is producing, most hybrid systems provide power through batteries and/or an engine
generator powered by conventional fuels, such as diesel. If the batteries run low, the engine
generator can provide power and recharge the batteries.
1.5 Objectives
 Metal frame convert low wind speed to high wind speed (low velocity wind to High
velocity wind speed).
 Turbines convert wind energy into rotary mechanical energy. A mechanical interface,
consisting of a step-up gear and a suitable coupling transmits the energy to an
electrical generator.
 Generator converts the mechanical energy from high speed shaft to the electrical
energy and the output is given to the load.
 Yaw mechanism is necessary to rotate the metal Frame according to wind direction. It
includes the yaw motor and yaw drive. A yaw drive keeps rotor into the wind in order
to generate maximum power. A yaw motor supplies power to yaw drive.
 Various Electronics converters are used like DC to DC converter and DC to AC
Converter. It helps in converting variable DC to Fixed DC. DC-to-DC converters
which are designed to maximize the energy harvest for photovoltaic systems and
for wind turbines.
 Mechanical Brakes it is used to stop or halt turbine blades during maintenance or any
emergency. Generally hydraulic disc brakes or mechanical friction brakes we are
using in our project.
 Solar panel operates at its peak time during day and the stored energy during peak
evening hours when electricity rates are high or in case of any grid failure.
 Because it’s green energy, it will reduce carbon emission which will in-turn reduce
the ill effects like global warming and etc.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Literature survey.
“Literature Review on Hybrid Solar And Wind Powered Electric Vehicle Using Sepic
Converter” Thrishna Jayaraj PG Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Vimal
Jyothi Engineering College in the year June 28,2018, It is based on hybrid Solar and wind
power electric vehicle, where it combines both the wind and solar power systems. Hence
obtained output. which can be given to drive a dc motor. The entire system is mounted on the
vehicle. To avoid the risk of unpredicted climatic conditions, like temperature, irradiance etc;
It is about 30-40% of the solar radiation is converted to electrical energy. By tracking the
maximum power, thus improves the efficiency of the solar panel, From the rotation of the
blades, extracts wind and thus exploit it to fabricate electricity. Based on wind turbine, they
can be classifieds broadly into two, horizontal and vertical wind turbine. It is seen that the
power production increases with increase in wind speed.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies
(ICICT-2018) IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP18F70-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-4985-5[1]
“Literature Review of Ocean Current Turbine” By the authors Noor Rahman, Saeed
Badshah, Abdur Rafai, Mujahid Badshah. In the year 11 Nov 2014. The researchers’ aims to
replace the present fossils fuel energy resources with some alternative green, clean and
sustainable energy resources. Renewable energy resources are the most favourable and safe
energy resources for the earth future. But most renewable energy resources like solar and
wind are not available round the clock during 24 hours. In past few decades the researchers
have identified a new source of renewable energy in the form of ocean energy to generate
clean energy for the earth in the future. The ocean energy is available round the clock. Its
green, renewable, reliable, sustainable and durable and is available on a very large scale. The
ocean hides a huge useful energy more than from the wind energy, because the density of the
water is 800 times greater than the air density. It is about 3 times greater than the air/wind
density. Recently a new idea about ducted ocean current turbine is under the progress to
increase the power production from the ocean current energy . They also find that a designed
arrangement of these turbines will ensure more power production from the ocean current.
This designed arrangement of turbines will lead to the generation of marine turbine park deep
in the sea. In fact of all these researches and projects the Ocean Current Turbine development
is still in the developing phase with a strong promise to the future renewable energy share in
the energy sector. Hence advance precautions must to take to avoid the bad impact of the
ocean current turbine on our earth environment.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 11, November-
2014 178 ISSN 2229-5518 [2]
“Literature review on design and development of wind turbine blade” By Researcher D. A.

Nikam1, S. M. Kherde PG Scholar, CAD/CAM , Dr. Sau Kamalatai Gawai Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Darapur Principal & Professor, In the year 02nd & 03rd
November 2015)
The Researcher on Wind turbine offer economically viable energy solution for remote areas
away from the integrated electricity grid systems. Blade design plays critical role for
performance and energy extraction from turbine. In order to spread the use of VAWT
HAWT, the problems associated with various configurations, i.e. poor selfstarting and low
initial torque, low coefficient of power, poor building integration should be overcome. With
the assumption of placing the turbine in a location with moderate wind availability with
optimized blade parameters and design specifications, high power generation is achieved
with wind turbine and can be serving as energy generation unit for remote areas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
National Conference on Emerging Research Trends in Engineering and Technology
(NCERT- 02nd & 03rd November 2015) [3]
“Literature review on wind energy” Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of

Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,
International Journal of Energy Research, Renewable Energy, Energy Sources, Journal of
Solar Energy Engineering, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal,

Electric Power Components and Systems along with a number of periodicals published by
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, etc. It limited exclusively to journals
specifically devoted to wind energy and its applications. To assist the reader, the list is
separated into broad categories. Although many papers fit several categories,
Published online 6 October 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI:
10.1002/we.1813[4]

CHAPTER-3
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Block Diagram
Fig.3.1 Block Diagram of proposed model
Metal frame convert low wind speed to high wind speed (low velocity wind to
High velocity wind speed).Turbines convert wind energy into rotary mechanical energy. A
mechanical interface, consisting of a step-up gear and a suitable coupling transmits the
energy to an electrical generator. Generator converts the mechanical energy from high speed
shaft to the electrical energy and the output is given to the load. Yaw mechanism is necessary
to rotate the metal Frame according to wind direction. It includes the yaw motor and yaw
drive. A yaw drive keeps rotor into the wind in order to generate maximum power. A yaw
motor supplies power to yaw drive. Various Electronics converters are used like DC to DC
converter and DC to AC Converter. It helps in converting variable DC to Fixed DC. DC to
DC converters which are designed to maximize the energy harvest for photovoltaic
systems and for wind turbines. Mechanical Brakes it is used to stop or halt turbine blades
during maintenance or any emergency. Generally hydraulic disc brakes or mechanical
friction brakes we are using in our project. Solar panel operates at its peak time during day
and the stored energy during peak evening hours when electricity rates are high or in case of
any grid failure.
3.2 Circuit Diagram
Fig.3.2 Circuit Diagram
Turbine shaft is coupled to DC generator where mechanical energy is converted into

electrical energy in the DC Generator and the output of this generator is given to the boost
converter for step up the voltages and to maintain constant voltage because output of the DC
Generator is variable. Both the solar output and boost converter terminals are connected to
the solar charge controller, Solar charge controller helps in monitoring the battery charging
state and battery discharge state. And also it helps in indication of voltage, current, power
rating. And the output of the charge controller is connected to load.

3.3 Working principle
Fig.3.3 Proposed Working Model
Metal Frame converts low speed to high-speed wind. Aero turbines convert wind
energy into rotary mechanical energy. A mechanical interface, consisting of a step-up gear
and a suitable coupling transmits the energy to an electrical generator. The Output of this
generator is connected to the load or system grid.
The wind turbine captures the wind’s kinetic energy in a rotor mechanically coupled to an
electrical generator. The turbine is mounted on free space to enhance the energy capture.
Numerous wind turbines are installed at one site to build a wind farm of the desired power
generation capacity. Wind energy is one of the lowest-priced renewable energy technologies
available today. Wind turbines can also be built on farms thus benefiting the economy in
rural areas. Farmers can continue to use their land because the wind turbines use only a small
fraction of the land. Wind power plant owners make rent payments to the farmer for the use
of the land.

3.4 Hybrid System
Fig.3.4 Hybrid System
According to many renewable energy experts, a small "hybrid" electric system that
combines home wind electric and home solar electric (photovoltaic or PV) technologies
offers several advantages over either single system. Wind speeds are low in the summer
when the sun shines brightest and longest. The wind is strong in the winter when less
sunlight is available. Because the peak operating times for wind and solar systems occur at
different times of the day and year, hybrid systems are more likely to produce power when
you need it.
Many hybrid systems are stand-alone systems, which operate "off-grid" that is, not connected
to an electricity distribution system. For the times when neither the wind nor the solar system
are producing, most hybrid systems provide power through batteries and/or an engine
generator powered by conventional fuels, such as diesel. If the batteries run low, the engine
generator can provide power and recharge the batteries.

CHAPTER-4
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Metal Frame.
Fig.4.1. Metal frame
Metal Frame is constructed in such a way that it will convert low wind speed to high
wind speed ( low velocity wind to High velocity wind speed).Frame is made up of metal
sheet with outer dimension of (180mm * 180mm) and inner dimension of (100mm * 100mm)
which converts low velocity flowing wind into high velocity wind. The frame is made up of
0.6mm metal sheet.

4.2 DC Generator
Fig.4.2. DC Generator
It converts the mechanical energy from high speed shaft to the electrical energy and
the output is given to the load. A DC generator is an electromechanical energy conversion
device that converts mechanical power into DC electrical power through the process of
electromagnetic induction. A DC generator operates on the principle of electromagnetic
induction i.e. when the magnetic flux linking a conductor changes, an EMF is induced in the
conductor. A DC generator has a field winding and an armature winding. The EMF induced
in the armature winding of a DC generator is alternating one and is converted into direct
voltage using a commutator mounted on the shaft of the generator. The armature winding of
DC Generator is placed on the rotor whereas the field winding is placed on the stator.
Specification Range
Voltage 12 volt
Current 0.85 amps
Power 10watt
RPM 3000rpm
Table.4.2 DC Generator Specification Table

4.3 Rotor Blades:
Fig.4.3 Turbine blades
To increase the wind turbine blade efficiency, the rotor blades need to have an
aerodynamic profile to create lift and rotate the turbine but curved aerofoil type blades are
more difficult to make but offer better performance and higher rotational speeds making
them ideal for electrical energy generation.
4.4.1 solar charge controller:
Fig.4.4.1. Solar charge controller

A solar charge controller is an electronic component that controls the amount of

charge entering and exiting the battery, and regulates the optimum and most efficient
performance of the battery. Batteries are almost always installed with a charge
controller. The controller helps to protect the batteries from all kinds of issues,
including overcharging, current leaking back to the solar panel during the night, the
prevention of Under voltage and it helps to monitor the status of the batteries.
4.4.2 Solar charge controller circuit
Fig.4.4.2. Solar charge controller circuit
4.4.3 Features
1. Three stage PWM regulation charging
2. Suitable for lead acid battery, lithium ion battery.
3. Solar control and time control
4. Double MOS Anti- circuit, ultralow heating

Specification Range
Voltage 12/24 volt
Amper 30Amps
Table.4.4.3 Specification of Solar charge controller
LCD screen
High Definition LCD Display, clear parameter setting
USB Output
Standard dual USB port, suitable for all kinds of digital technology devices.
Aluminum alloy injection port
The material of the connection port is flame retardant and the copper wire is not easy to loose
after installatiom.
Plastic shell + iron back plate
Solid plastic shell improve product sturdiness, heat dissipation capacity, safety of the product
insulation performance, thus to extend its service life.
Terminals
Connect DC load
Connect the Battery
Connecting Solar panels

4.5 Wind vane:
It measures the wind direction correctly and co-ordinates with yaw mechanism. Also it helps
to focus our metal frame against wind direction to get the wind energy for the rotation.
Fig.4.5. Wind vane
4.6 Boost Converter:
Fig.4.6. Boost Converter

A boost converter (step-up converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter that steps up

voltage (while stepping down current) from its input (supply) to its output (load). It is a class
of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductors (a diode and
a transistor) and at least one energy storage element: a capacitor, inductor, or the two in
combination. To reduce voltage ripple, filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination
with inductors) are normally added to such a converter's output (load-side filter) and input
(supply-side filter). Boost converters are highly nonlinear systems and a wide variety of
linear and nonlinear control techniques for achieving good voltage regulation with large load
variations have been explored
Description:-
XL6009 module is a non-isolated step-up boost voltage converter featuring adjustable output
voltage, high efficiency. It converts input voltage of 5-32V DC to an output voltage of 4-38V
DC.
Features:-
 Wide input voltage 3V - 32V, optimum operating voltage range is 5 - 32V
 Wide Output voltage 5V - 35V
 Built-4A efficient MOSFET switches enable efficiency upto 94% (LM2577 current is
3A)
 High switching frequency 400 KHz can use small-capacity filter capacitors that can
achieve very good results, the ripple smaller and smaller. (LM2577 frequency only
50KHz)

Test Results:-
Input 3V Output 12V 0.4A 4.8W
Input 7.4V Output 12V 1.5A 18W
Input 12V Output 15V 2A 30W
Input 12V Output 16V 2A 32W
Table.4.6.1 Booster test results
4.7 Solar panel:
Fig.4.7 Solar panel

Solar panel operates at its peak during day time and the stored energy during peak
evening hours when electricity rates are high or in case of any grid failure. Also, one can sell
the surplus energy generated to the local grid-connection and get paid for the same.
Specification Range
Rated Power 10W
Dimension 28.5 x 35 x 2.2 Centimeters
Weight 1 kg 160 g
Material Glass
Table.4.7 Specification of Solar panel
4.8 Battery:
Fig.4.8. Battery

An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or

more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices. When a
battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is and its negative terminal is the anode. The
terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will flow through an external electric
circuit to the positive terminal. When a battery is connected to an external electric load,
a redox reaction converts high-energy reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-
energy difference is delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy. Historically the term
"battery" specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells; however, the usage has
evolved to include devices composed of a single cell. Primary (single-use or "disposable")
batteries are used once and discarded, as the electrode materials are irreversibly changed
during discharge, a common example is the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a
multitude of portable electronic devices. Secondary (rechargeable) batteries can be
discharged and recharged multiple times using an applied electric current; the original
composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current. Examples include the lead-
acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics such
as laptops and mobile phones.
Specifications:
Specification Range
Nominal Voltage 12 volt
12 AH/0.60A (20 hr. to 1.80V/cell @

Nominal Capacity
77˚F/25˚C)
11 AH/1.12A (10 hr. to 1.80V/cell @
77˚F/25˚C)
11 AH/1.38A (8 hr. to 1.75V/cell @

77˚F/25˚C)

Length 5.95 in. (151±2mm)

Width 3.86 in. (98±1mm)
Total Height (with Terminal) 3.98 in. (101±2mm)
Discharge: 5˚ to 130˚F (-15˚ to 55˚C)

Operating Temp. Range
Charge: 32˚ to 104˚F (0˚ to 40˚C)
Storage: 5˚ to 104˚F (-15˚ to 40˚C)
Nominal Operating Temp. 77±5˚F (25±3˚C)
Table.4.8.1 Specification Table Battery
Fig 4.8.2. Discharge Characteristics battery

CHAPTER-5
TEST, RESULT, ANALYSIS

5.1 Result
Without Metal Frame With Metal Frame
180 RPM 350 RPM
Table.5.1 Test Results
5.2 Problem definition.
 Some location may not be windy enough to generate the power from wind mill. Some
places get enough wind, but it changes its wind direction, so our proposed model
should work under any change in the
 Wind direction for the above problem we concluded that we are using wind vane
which will measure the wind flow direction and the output of this is given to the
control unit which rotates the proposed model.
 Sunlight falls on the earth 24 hours a day. But in a particular place, sunlight received
is only 12-14 hours a day which may vary according to different continents. Keeping
this in mind we try to generate electricity using the solar UV rays which are available
during the particular time using PV models.
 Hence our proposed model converts wind speed more than three times than the
natural wind flow in the surroundings and is connected to the solar energy system
which is more efficient.
5.3 Advantages.
1. The wind energy is available free of cost.

2. It is available in many off-shore, on-shore, remote areas and is helpful in supplying
electric power to remote areas.

3. It is cost effective and also reliable.

4. During energy conversion, it does not cause pollution.
5. It can also be used to obtain mechanical power for applications like grinding &
pumping, crushing etc.
6. It is an ideal renewable energy source for rural and remote areas which lack other
energy sources.
7. The wind energy is inexhaustible and does not need transportation.
8. Since our proposed model increases the wind velocity 3-times more than the
surrounding wind, the efficiency will be increased.
5.4 Limitations
1. The wind energy is irregular, inconsistent and unsteady with variable speeds, hence
the wind energy needs to be stored.
2. The wind energy has low energy density.
3. The wind energy conversion systems are noisy in operation.
4. Large area is needed for installation as well as operation of the wind plants.
5. It has high capital cost per kWh.
5.5 Applications.
1. Used in remote agriculture lands for irrigation and water pumping with Hybrid
system along with solar system.
2. Used in multi store, top floor buildings because in top floor wind speed is high.
3. The mechanical water pumper is the best option in some circumstances. However,
because it must be placed close to the water source, it is often unable to capture the
best wind resources
5.6 Future Scope
Wind energy is available without any cost and it does not emit any greenhouse gases.
This makes it a great source of energy production for any developing state. The field of wind
energy has tremendous scope for innovation, translating to real world applications and

tremendous economic opportunity. It is crucially important for India, as our economy

continues to evolve, and we must ensure every Indian has access to opportunity, decent jobs
and livelihood. For that we will need greater resources. Clean, sustainable, renewable - and
equally important, domestic sources of energy are essential to fulfill the potential of India in
the coming years and it is certain that wind energy will be utilized to produce electricity. In
addition to this, other renewable energies can also be used and save the world from global
warming.
5.7 Conclusion
Unlike fossil fuel based electricity generations the modular electricity generators do
not cause pollution to the environment. With the installation of modular electricity
generations. This project therefore proposes to produce clean energy mainly from solar and
wind energy which is free of cost and abundantly available in nature can be utilized for
electrical energy without demanding huge investment. By this project many villages can be
lighted. Which are much away from the construction site of large power generating stations
such as hydro and nuclear can be provided power. Also to satisfy the increasing demand of
electricity, this project provides the need with clean hybrid system.

5.8 References.
1. The Largest Offshore Wind Farm on the Planet Opens by Ammar Frangoul
2. Kaldellis JK, Zafirakis D. The Wind Energy (r)evolution: A Short Review of a Long
History.
3. Veltman, D.W.J. Pulle, and R.W. DeDoncker, Advanced Electrical Drives: Analysis,
Modeling, Control, Springer.
4. A. Veltman, D.W.J. Pulle, and R.W. DeDoncker, Fundamentals of Electrical Drives.
5. J. Chiasson, Modeling and High Performance Control of Electric Machines, Wiley-

IEEE, 2005.
6. B. Amin, Induction Motors: Analysis and Torque Control, Springer.
7. S.E. Lyshevski , Electromechanical Systems, Electrical Machines, and

Applied Mechatronics, CRC Press.
8. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Devices, Circuits, and Applications”

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DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

NAME OF THE CANDIDATES USN

BALAJI K.A 1DS16EE021

Under the Guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

Department of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE

Department of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022

Department of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022

FIG NAME OF THE FIGURES PAGE NO

Department of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022

Department of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Project Course Outcomes and Mapping

Department of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 1

1.2 Importance of Wind Energy

p = Density of air (in kg/m')

A = Area of the rotor portion swept by wind (in m^2)

Vw =Wind speed (in m/sec)

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 2

1.3 Importance of solar energy

1.4 Importance of hybrid system

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 3

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 4

“Literature review on design and development of wind turbine blade” By Researcher D. A.

“Literature review on wind energy” Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 6

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 7

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Fig.3.1 Block Diagram of proposed model

3.2 Circuit Diagram

Fig.3.2 Circuit Diagram

Turbine shaft is coupled to DC generator where mechanical energy is converted into

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 9

3.3 Working principle

Fig.3.3 Proposed Working Model

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 10

3.4 Hybrid System

Fig.3.4 Hybrid System

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 11

Fig.4.1. Metal frame

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 12

Current 0.85 amps

Table.4.2 DC Generator Specification Table

4.3 Rotor Blades:

Fig.4.3 Turbine blades

4.4.1 solar charge controller:

Fig.4.4.1. Solar charge controller

Dept of EEE, DSCE 2021-2022 Page 14

A solar charge controller is an electronic component that controls the amount of

4.4.2 Solar charge controller circuit

Fig.4.4.2. Solar charge controller circuit

1. Three stage PWM regulation charging

2. Suitable for lead acid battery, lithium ion battery.

3. Solar control and time control