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    Basis of A Topology

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    leadwin princewill
    This document discusses the basis for a topology. It defines a basis as a collection of open sets whose union is the entire space, and whose intersections satisfy a covering property. Having a basis allows generating the entire topology. Examples are given of the basis for discrete and standard topologies on R. A sub-basis is defined as a collection whose finite intersections form a basis.

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    Basis of A Topology

    Uploaded by

    leadwin princewill
    119 views9 pages
    This document discusses the basis for a topology. It defines a basis as a collection of open sets whose union is the entire space, and whose intersections satisfy a covering property. Having a basis allows generating the entire topology. Examples are given of the basis for discrete and standard topologies on R. A sub-basis is defined as a collection whose finite intersections form a basis.

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    Mat 411 TOPOLOGY COVENANT UNIVERSITY

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    Basis of a Topology

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    This document discusses the basis for a topology. It defines a basis as a collection of open sets whose union is the entire space, and whose intersections satisfy a covering property. Having a basis allows generating the entire topology. Examples are given of the basis for discrete and standard topologies on R. A sub-basis is defined as a collection whose finite intersections form a basis.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    119 views9 pages

    Basis of A Topology

    Uploaded by

    leadwin princewill
    This document discusses the basis for a topology. It defines a basis as a collection of open sets whose union is the entire space, and whose intersections satisfy a covering property. Having a basis allows generating the entire topology. Examples are given of the basis for discrete and standard topologies on R. A sub-basis is defined as a collection whose finite intersections form a basis.

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    You are on page 1of 9

    MAT 411: Topology:

    Basis of a Topology

    Imaga Ogbu Famous


    Department of Mathematics
    Covenant University

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 1/9


    Objectives

    After studying this module, the student will be able to


    1 Define the basis for a topology
    2 Solve problems related in basis for a topology
    3 Describe the sub-base
    4 State the standard topology

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 2/9


    Basis for a Topology I

    Definition
    Let (X, Y) be a topological space. A collection of open subsets B of
    X is called a basis or basis for a topology if
    (i) The union of elements of B is X
    (ii) If x ∈ B1 ∩ B2 , B1 , B2 ∈ B, then there exists a B ∈ B such that
    x ∈ B ∈ B1 ∩ B2

    If B is a basis for a topology Y on a set X, then a subset A of X is in Y if


    and only if it is a union of members of B
    B generates Y i.e if we are given the sets that are members of B, we can
    determine the members of Y - which are formed by taking the union of
    members of B

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 3/9


    Basis for a Topology II

    The elements of B are called basis elements.

    Definition
    Let B be a basis for a topology on X, then the topology Y generated
    by B is described as follows:
    A subset U of X is said to be an open set in X (that is, U ⊂ Y), if for
    each U there is a basis element B ∈ B such that u ∈ B and B ∈ U.

    Note that if B is a basis for Y, then B ⊆ Y.

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 4/9


    Basis for a Topology III

    Example: Let (X, Y) be a discrete topological space and B be the


    collection of singleton subsets of X; i.e. B = {{x} : x ∈ X}, then B is a
    basis for Y.
    Proof: Since Y is a discrete topology on X, it contains all the subset of X.
    Let x0 ∈ X, then {x0 } ∈ B such that x0 ∈ {x0 }.
    Also, if x0 ∈ B1 ∩ B2 , where B1 , B2 ∈ B, then
    B1 = B2 = {x0 } ⇒ x0 ∈ {x0 } ⊆ B1 ∩ B2 .
    Example: Let X = {a, b, c} and B = {{a}, {c}, {a, b}, {b, c}}. Show that
    B is not a basis for any topology on X.
    Example: Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4} and A = {{1, 2}, {2, 4}, {3}}. Determine
    the topology on X generated by the elements of A and hence determine
    the basis for the topology.

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 5/9


    Basis for a Topology IV

    Example: Let X = {a, b, c, d} and A = {{a, b}, {b, c}, {d}}. Determine the
    topology on X generated by the elements of A and hence determine the
    basis for the topology.

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 6/9


    Topologies on the real line R

    Standard Topology: Let B be the collection of all open intervals in R i.e.


    B = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ R, a < b}. Then B is a basis for the euclidean
    topology on R known as the standard topology on R.
    Proof: for any x ∈ R, we have (x − 1, x + 1) ∈ B such that
    x ∈ (x − 1, x + 1).
    Next let x0 ∈ (a, b) ∩ (c, d). Then a < x0 < b, c < x0 < d. Consider

    r0 = min{|x0 − a|, |x0 − c|}, s0 = min min{|b − x0 |, |d − x0 |}.

    Then x0 ∈ (x0 − r0 , x0 + s0 ) ∈ (a, b) ∩ (c, d).


    Lower Limit Topology: Let B ′ is the collection of all half open intervals
    in R i.e. B = {[a, b) : a, b ∈ R, a < b}, the topology generated by B ′ is
    called the lower limit topology on R. When R is given this topology it is
    denoted by Rl

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 7/9


    K-topology: Let K denote the set of all numbers of the form n1 for
    n ∈ Z+ , and let B ′′ be the collection of all intervals (a, b) along with all
    sets of the form (a, b)/K. The topology generated by B ′′ is called the
    K-topology. When R is given this topology it is denoted by RK .

    B ′′ = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ R, a < b} ∪ {(a, b)/K : a, b ∈ R, a < b}.

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 8/9


    Sub-bases

    Definition
    Let (X, Y) be a topological space. Let S ⊂ Y such that S ̸= ∅.
    The set S is said to be a sub-base for the Topology Y on X if finite
    intersections of the members of S form a base for the topology Y on
    X i.e the union of members of S give all the members of T. The
    members of S are called sub-basic open sets.

    Example: Let a, b ∈ R such that a < b, then (−∞, b) ∩ (a, ∞) = (a, b).
    The open intervals (a, b) form a base for the standard topology on R.
    Hence, the family of infinite open intervals form a sub-base for the
    standard topology on R

    Imaga O. F. (Dept. of Mathematics) Topology Topological Spaces 9/9

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