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Cause and effect paragraphs
A cause is a reason for, or events leading up to. An effect is the results of a cause or causes. Having the skill to think the mode of cause and effect is a key to victory in daily situations.
Transitional Expressions for Cause and Effect
To show causes
The first cause (second, third)
The first reason (second, third) Yet another factor Because Is caused by Results from
To Show Effects
One important effect
Another result A third outcome As a result Consequently Then, next, therefore, thus, so 1
Exercise: Read the paragraph and answer the questions.
The Positive Effects of Daycare
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Since my daughter has been in daycare she has become better at a few different things. To start off, her vocabulary is much larger and more developed. Before she started daycare, my daughter had a few select words that she would say like; momma, dada, Cocoa (one of the puppies) and some other simple select words. Now she tries to repeat everything that is said. Another result of her being in a daycare is that she can interact with other children better. In the past, she was only around one child. Now she is around about six to eight kids, and she has learned to share toys and to play in a group with other children. Her learning to share has carried over at home when she tells her daddy or me that’s its his turn or mommy’s turn when putting her socks on. A third outcome of her being in daycare is the fact that she is becoming more self-reliant. Before daycare, she wouldn’t try very hard to help me with getting dressed, but now she wants to try to do it all on her own. She puts her pull ups on and tries to pull on her shirts and pants herself. Socks still go upside down, but at least her shoes go on the correct feet I am glad that I decided to put her in a daycare, for the benefits have been great.
Jessi Johnson 2005
1. What is the topic sentence? ______________________________
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2. Mention 3 details a.___________________________________________ b. __________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________ 3. Are the details causes or effects? __________________________ 4. What is the concluding sentence? _________________________ Exercise: Read the paragraph and answer the questions.
Effects of Alcohol
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Letting alcohol take control over your life has many negative effects on a person and the people around them. One important effect is the damage you can do to your body. Drinking can lead to severe illness and even eventual death; some health consequences to consider might be liver disease, kidney failure and, for pregnant women, the loss of their unborn child. Another detriment is that an addiction could lead to drinking and driving; possibly causing a fatal car accident for either yourself and/or an innocent by stander. Another concern to consider is the relationships alcohol can destroy. Alcohol abuse can have very serious effect on a person’s temperament, which can lead to spousal and even child abuse. Alcohol often is the number one cause in divorce and spending time in jail. It can also affect relationships outside of the family; many people have lost lifelong friends 1
whether it is due to foolish arguments and behavior or possibly death. Lastly,
drinking has negative effects on self-esteem and rational thinking. People become more self-centered, develop low self-esteem, doing things or behaving in ways that they would not normally. They have little or no regard to the outcomes of what is said or done when they grow reliant on getting that alcohol high. The negative effects of alcohol abuse are overwhelming when considering the many consequences that drinkers and the people around them must deal with.
Racheal Guza 2005
1. What is the topic sentence? ______________________________
2. Mention 3 details a.___________________________________________ b. __________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________ 3. Are the details causes or effects? __________________________ 4. What is the concluding sentence? _________________________
Exercise: Read the paragraph and answer the questions.
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Dropping Out
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For many teenagers, there are numerous negative factors that can lead them to give up on their education and drop out of school. The first cause is that many teenagers lack positive role models in their lives. The lack of an encouraging adult in their lives can cause them to think negatively about themselves and it does not allow them to live up to their full potential. Also, the lack of a positive role model can cause them to get involved with the wrong kind of people and activities. When students get involved in these types of negative situations, they usually don't focus on school. This can lead many impressionable young children to give up on their education. Another factor that cause a student to give up on school is a lack of determination. If they're not determined to graduate, it can be very difficult for them to stay in school. Many students find it difficult to stay focused on school when they when they feel that getting an education is useless. Some students only attend school because they are forced to, and they are not there to further their education. The third and final factor is peer pressure. Many students give into pure pressure very easily. If the pure pressure is negative, this can lead them into drugs and alcohol. The drugs and alcohol can cause them to drop out very easily because that is the only thing that they are focused on and it can easily ruin a child's life.
Copyright 2005 Mike Sullivan
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1. What is the topic sentence? ______________________________
2. Mention 3 details a.___________________________________________ b. __________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________ 3. Are the details causes or effects? __________________________ 4. What is the concluding sentence? __________________________
Find the Cause and Effect
Read each sentence below. Write the cause on the first line and the effect on the second line.
Example: Larry ran across the road and was hit by a car. Cause: Larry ran across the road. Effect: He was hit by a car.
Directions: Read the story. Complete the chart below.
Charles was filthy from playing football all day. “Take off those filthy clothes and put them in the laundry!” his mother said.
Charles did. His clothes were so filthy that there were even little clumps of dirt in the washing machine. Charles shook laundry soap into the machine. I had better put in some extra soap, Charles thought himself. I want my extra-dirty clothes to get extra-clean! Charles shook in more soap, and them even ore soap.
“That ought to do it!” he said. He left the laundry room and shut the door behind him.
About halfway through the cycle, the washing machine began to rattle. It cracked. It banged. Charles’ mother ran to the laundry room.
“Charles!” she cried. “What did you do to the laundry?”
“Nothing,” Charles said. “I just used some extra soap.” “Extra soap!” his mother exclaimed, as soap bubbles began to ooze out from underneath the laundry room door. More and more bubbles came, until Charles and his mother were up to their knees in bubbles.
“I guess I used too much soap,” Charles said.
“I guess you did!” his mother agreed. 1
Cause Effect
His playing football all day Charles was filthy.
I used too much soap The laundry machine began to rattle.
Charles used extra soap.
the washing machine began to rattle. Soon Charles and his mother were up It cracked. It banged to their knees in bubbles.
Exercise: Write one cause and one effect paragraph using the following topic.
What are the causes of stress?
What are the effects of stress?
Remember to write a clear and organized paragraph for each one.
Paragraphs should include: a. Title b. Indentation c. Topic sentence d. Details e. Concluding Sentence
