Tiger Paper English

TIGER
Andrea Anastasya Grace Tarigan
X MIPA 2
PREFACE
With all the praise to God, who has given His love and
mercy, so that paper “TIGER” can finish well.
Now, I would like to thank to all those people’s who have

helped me in completing and finishing the paper entitled
“TIGER”, and who have contributed their ideas for writing this
paper.
I am fully aware that the many flaws and mistakes in the

writing of this paper, in terms of technical and presentation
material. Therefore, I expect constructive suggests and criticism
to refine the writing of this paper. I hope this writing can be
useful for all the readers.
Jakarta, 24 February 2018
Andrea
A. GENERAL INFORMARTION
Tigers are the largest felines in the world. Many cultures
consider the tiger to be a symbol of strength and courage.
However, because hunting them is also a sign of bravery in
some cultures, tigers are endangered; no more than 3,200 tigers
are left in the wild.
On average, tigers are 4.8 to 9.5 feet (1.5 to 2.9 m) long and
weigh 165 to 716 lbs. (75 to 325 kilograms). The largest tigers,
the Siberian, also called Amur, are 10.75 feet (3.3 meters) long
and weigh 660 lbs. (300 kg), according to National Geographic.
The smallest tiger is the Sumatran tiger.
Tigers live in Asia. Larger subspecies, such as the Siberian tiger,

tend to live in northern, colder areas, such as eastern Russia and
northeastern China. Smaller subspecies live in southern, warmer
countries, such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar,
Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia.
They live in arid forests, flooded mangrove forests, tropical
forests and taiga, depending on the subspecies, according to the
San Diego Zoo.
B. ANATOMY
The Skeleton
Tigers have longer hind legs than forelegs and can therefore
spring forward 10 meters (32.5 feet), while the reduced size of
their clavicle (collarbone) allows for greater stride length. Their
solid forelimb bones, which can support large muscles, give
their forelegs incredible power, enabling them to bring down
large prey. In addition the bones of a tiger's feet are closely
bound by ligaments to make them strong enough to survive the
impact of landing, an important factor in the tiger's ability to
sprint at high speeds.
The skull makes the hard-core engineering behind the business

end of the tiger possible. By looking more closely at the shapes
of the various skull pieces we can see how evolution has created
a structure that is perfectly shaped for the job at hand. A short,
rounded skull provides more power behind the jaws than can the
kind of long skull found in herbivores such as sheep. The
perfectly adapted teeth are thus strongly supported in the final
act of dispatching prey. Because smell is less important than
sight, the nose need not be long, and the brain-cavity space for
the olfactory area can be compact.
Pads, Paws and Claws

Tigers walk on their toes, which have big soft pads to help them
tread almost silently through the undergrowth. These sensitive
pads can be a disadvantage, if a tiger treads on something sharp,
the pads will bleed profusely,I f it tries to cross hot ground its
feet will burn and blister easily. These common injuries do heal
quickly, with lost of licking and care.
A tiger's claws can take the face off a human in one swipe, and
deer lucky enough to escape a confrontation with a tiger often
bear the scars of the encounter on their hides. Claws play a
critical role in the tiger's hunting abilities, helping it to grab and
hold prey until its teeth can inflict the final blow. The claws can
be a fearsome ten centimeters (four inches) long. A tiger has
four of these deadly weapons on each paw, with an extra
dewclaw on the front ones.
Stomach and Digestion

Meat can be digested far more efficiently than grass. It requires
a far less complicated gut to convert meat to protein than it does
to convert grass to protein. Thus tigers have shortened guts (four
times their body length, as compared with five times in an
omnivorous fox) and comparatively small and light abdomens, a
factor that contributes to the tiger's ability to accelerate quickly
when in pursuit of prey.
Recently, scientists have been observing how many animals
self-medicate - that is, treat themselves when they are ill. Tigers,
like other cats, eat grass to help with digestion or bringing up fur
balls.
Hair, Coat or Pelage

Hair, coat or pelage - the magnificent striping, so characteristic
of the tiger - provides a perfect camouflage, but it functions
primarily to keep the tiger warm and protect the skin. Fur traps
air, which is a poor conductor of heat, thus insulating the tiger's
body to keep it at a temperature of 37°C (99°F). The longer and
denser the fur, the better the heat retention. This fact explains
why tigers that live in warmer southern latitudes have shorter fur
(7 to 20 millimeters of the back and 15 to 35 millimeters of the
stomach) than those that live in the colder northern habitats (40
to 60 millimeters on the back and 70 to 105 millimeters on the
stomach, with as many as 3 000 to 3 300 hairs per square
centimeter). Males also have prominent ruffs.
A tiger's fur is made up of two types of hair, the outer guard

hairs, which are longer and stronger, for physical protection.
The Tiger's Tail

The tiger's tail is surprisingly important in catching prey. A
meter of more long, it gathers a lot of momentum when swung
from side to side, helping the tiger balance when it has to turn
suddenly during a chase. It also plays a part in tiger
communication. A relaxed tiger has a droopy tail. A tiger
meeting a friend waves a raised tail slowly. A tiger's tail
swishing madly from side to side or held low with just the
occasional twitch indicates aggression.
The Sense of Touch

Sensitive whiskers and padded feet give tigers the ability to feel
their way silently, even in pitch darkness, through dense cover,
to approach unwary prey.
Tigers have specialized hairs on their heads known as whiskers,

or vibrissae, which serve a sensory function. About twice as
thick as the outer guard hairs of the coat, they are rooted more
deeply in the skin, in a capsule of blood. When the whiskers
brushes against something, its root moves the blood, thus
simplifying the movement. Nerves pick up on the movement
and send signals to the brain.
C. FOODS AND HABITATS

FOODS
Tigers eat a variety of prey ranging in size from termites to
elephant calves. However, an integral component of their diet
are large-bodied prey weighing about 20 kg (45 lb) or larger
such as moose, deer species, pigs, cows, horses, buffalos and
goats.
However, the most common diet options for tigers include

sambar, chital (also known as the Spotted Deer or Axis Deer),
sika deer, nilgai, buffalo, gaur (a bovine species), monkeys,
civets, porcupines, and even fish, frogs, crabs, monitor lizards,
and snakes.
HABITATS
Tigers are found in amazingly diverse habitats: rain forests,
grasslands, savannas and even mangrove swamps.
Unfortunately, 93% of historical tiger lands have disappeared
primarily because of expanding human activity.
Tigers occupy a variety of habitats from tropical forests,

evergreen forests, woodlands and mangrove swamps to
grasslands, savannah and rocky country. They are mostly
nocturnal (more active at night) and are ambush predators that
rely on the camouflage their stripes provide.
D. TIGERS DESCRIPTIONS
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest cat species, most
recognizable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-
orange fur with a lighter underside. The species is classified in
the genus Panthera with the lion, leopard, jaguar, and snow
leopard.
10 TIGER FACTS
1) Tigers are the largest wild cats in the world. Adults can weigh
up to 363kg – that’s about the same as ten ten year olds! – and
measure up to 3.3m!
2) Tigers are carnivores, eating only meat. They mainly feed on
large mammals such as deer, wild pigs, antelope and buffalo.
3) Tigers are solitary hunters, and generally search for food
alone at night. They quietly stalk their prey until they are close
enough to pounce – then they kill their victim with a bite to the
neck or back of the head. Ouch!
4) Unlike most members of the cat family, tigers like water.
They are good swimmers and often cool off in pools or streams.
5) When a tiger wants to be heard, you’ll know about it, gang –
because their roar can be heard as far as three kilometres away.
6) They may be big and heavy, but tigers are by no means slow
movers. In fact, at full speed they can reach up to 65km/h!
7) These fierce felines have walked the earth for a long time.
Fossil remains of tigers found in parts of China are believed to
be 2 million years old. Yikes!
8) Every tiger in the world is unique – no two tigers have the
same pattern of stripes.
9) Today, there are five subspecies of tiger: Bengal, South
China, Indochinese, Sumatran and Siberian. Sadly, three
subspecies of tiger have become extinct
– Caspian, Bali and Javan.
10) Less than 100 years ago, tigers could be found throughout
Asia. Sadly, hunting and habitat loss have put populations at
risk, and today their range has been reduced to around 7% of its
former size. That’s why we need to do all we can to protect
these beautiful beasts.
CLOSING
So that we can describe the material that is the subject of this

paper. Of course there are still a lot of weaknesses and
shortcoming because they limited knowledge and lack of
reference that has to do with the title of this paper.
I hope the reader can give a constructive criticism and suggests

to the author of this paper and for the sake of perfect and writing
papers in the next opportunities.
I hope this paper is useful for writers in particular also dear

readers in general. Thank you.
SOURCES
http://www.jvbigcats.co.za/tigeranatomy.htm
https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-
animals/10-tiger-facts/#!/register
https://www.livescience.com/27441-tigers.html
https://defenders.org/tiger/basic-facts

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TIGER

Andrea Anastasya Grace Tarigan

Now, I would like to thank to all those people’s who have

I am fully aware that the many flaws and mistakes in the

Jakarta, 24 February 2018

Tigers live in Asia. Larger subspecies, such as the Siberian tiger,

The skull makes the hard-core engineering behind the business

Pads, Paws and Claws

Stomach and Digestion

Hair, Coat or Pelage

A tiger's fur is made up of two types of hair, the outer guard

The Tiger's Tail

The Sense of Touch

Tigers have specialized hairs on their heads known as whiskers,

C. FOODS AND HABITATS

However, the most common diet options for tigers include

Tigers occupy a variety of habitats from tropical forests,

So that we can describe the material that is the subject of this

I hope the reader can give a constructive criticism and suggests

I hope this paper is useful for writers in particular also dear

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