Harry Harlow
Harry Harlow
Harry Harlow
Ny’Keria Pritchett
Fall 2022
Study of Primates 2
Abstract
Harry Harlow was an experimental psychologist who was well known for his
conditioning primatology studies on Rhesus Monkeys primates. Harlow’s many studies and
researches from Wisconsin and Stanford, with help from known names like Paul R. Darnsworth
and Calvin P. Stone, were key in helping him obtain some world renowned awards and medals.
While teaching for Wisconsin, Harlow and a group of his former students began their research on
primates in Harlow’s official laboratory, it was here that Harry conducted his studies on Rhesus
Monkeys and how their relations to nurture and affection are those very similar, if not the same,
as humans.
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Harry Harlow is believed to be one of the most influential psychologists of our time. He
developed many case studies and helped educate many scholars and Americans on his beliefs on
primate love, human and primate connection, affection, and how all those aspects may affect the
Background
Harry Frederick Harlow was born in Fairfield, Iowa on October 31, 1905 to Lon. H and
Noble Israel. Harlow was often described as a shy child up until his young adulthood (Sidowski
and Lindsley 1979). After beginning his college studies at Reed College in 1923, he followed
behind his brother and transferred to Stanford University the following year, Sidowski (1979).
In 1927, Harlow received his bachelor’s degree in Psychology, and returned right away to
achieve his graduate degree. As a grad student, Harry held many assistantships on Social
Psychology and behavior rats alongside Paul R. Darnsworth and Calvin P. Stone, who was
elected into the National Academy of Sciences in 1943. There, Harlow began his primate studies,
Professions
Although his mentors at Stanford tried to sway him away from the opportunity, Harlow
Wisconsin-Madison, E. Herman (2012). Upon arriving, Harlow had to obtain his own laboratory,
since the smell and nature of the rats he was running studies on was unwanted by the board
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members directly above Harlow’s laboratory. Harry began his primate studies along with his
graduate students in 1933. They were able to determine that “perceptual discrimination involving
figures and patterns that differ relate in time delays between stimulus presentation,” Sidowski
(1979). This, as Harlow believed, would allow them to study both learning and memory decay in
Rhesus Monkeys. Harlow spent the next twenty years swiftly doing research and observational
experiments, but after time he and his students began to venture out of their fields and conduct
conducted until the early 1950s, Herman (2012). Harry and his students were able to determine
that “perceptual discrimination involving figures and patterns that differ relate in time delays
between stimulus presentation,” Sidowski (1979). This, as Harlow believed, would allow them to
study both learning and memory decay in Rhesus Monkeys. He began by separating infant
Rhesus Monkeys from their mothers a few hours after birth, and split them between two groups.
The infants were set to be raised by two different kinds of surrogate wire mothers, one provided
milk while the other did not, Cherry (2020). One “mother” was made of wire and covered in
terry cloth, and the other was made entirely of wire mesh. Harlow’s observations concluded that
the infants that were given the choice of which mother were found spending more time clinging
to the terry cloth surrogate, he quoted that “by providing reassurance and security to infants,
cuddling kept normal development on track,” Herman (2012). Harlow then conducted a second
observation, and regrouped the infants. Giving them no choice in which mother, and set nutrition
and take up levels equal. Harlow determined that the monkeys grew the same, but noticed when
loud noises went off, the terry cloth infants retreated to the terry cloth surrogate, while the wire
mesh infants did not retreat to their surrogate. He noted that these behaviors resembled
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“behaviors of autistic and deprived children, as well as the pathological behavior of an adult
confined to a mental institution,” Herman (2012). Harry presented this theory as the American
Acknowledgment
These discoveries made by Harlow confirmed that the mental drag on developing life or
fully-developed life, or adulthood, is often caused by an outbreaker from early childhood. With
these experiments, Harlow and fellow psychologist John Bowlby and Pediatrician Benjamin
Spok, attached these theories to effects on child care, child mental and physical health, children
in adoption agencies, children brought out of abusive homes, and many more world-known
issues faced. Over the years of his multiple different studies, observations, and experiments,
Harlow has been acknowledged and appreciated through many acts over time. Shortly after this
Leroy (2008). Harlow was also granted the Howard Crosby Warren Medal in 1953, then went on
to win the National Medal of Science in 1967, and the American Psychological Association gold
medal in 1973, G.T.E. Team (2011). Harry Harlow sadly passed on December 6, 1981; it has
been believed that he went “off the rails,” after the death of his second wife Clara, estranging his
References
Cherry, K. (2020, December 3). How Harry Harlow's research on love shaped how we treat
https://www.verywellmind.com/harry-harlow-and-the-nature-of-love-2795255
Cherry, K. (2020, November 26). How Harry Harlow influenced what we know about social
https://www.verywellmind.com/harry-harlow-biography-1905-1981-2795510
Gartner, M. C. (1970, January 1). Harry Harlow. SpringerLink. Retrieved September 30, 2022,
from https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_122-1
Herman, E. (2012). Harry F. Harlow, Monkey Love Experiments. Adoption history: Harry
https://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/studies/HarlowMLE.htm
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LeRoy, H. A. (2008, August 27). Harry Harlow: From the other side of the desk - integrative
from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12124-008-9070-y
Sidowski, J. B., & Lindsley, D. B. (1989). Read "Biographical memoirs: Volume 58" at nap.edu.
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/1645/chapter/10
Team, G. T. E. (2011, November 11). Harry Harlow (1905-1981). Harry Harlow Biography.
https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/harry-harlow.html