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Indefinite Articles "A" and "An" Definite Article "The" Zero Article

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Indefinite articles “a” and “an” Definite article “the” Zero article

We use A/AN with Singular countable A singular or plural noun when it is When we refer to general
nouns and the first time we refer to a clear/obvious which person or thing we ideas, plurals or uncountable nouns:
person, animal or thing. are talking about:
• Religion is an important
• There is a lamp in my bedroom.
• a child (we mention the lamp for the first
issue. (NOT The religion is an
• an elephant time)
important issue)
• a television • The lamp is next to the desk.
• Mexican food is spicy. (NOT The
Mexican food is spicy).

We don't use A/AN with possessive / Anything we can identify immediately: Names of people, books and plays
demonstratives pronouns, or numbers. (unless it is part of the title).
• We watched the new Joker movie
• My shirt is dirty. last night. • I have read Romeo and Juliet.
• This car is expensive.

▪ ▪ Musical instruments (the violin, the Towns, cities, states and countries.
▪ A is used when ▪ AN is used when guitar, the drums, the flute, …): • El Jadida
the next word the next word • She plays the piano. • France
begins with a begins with a • Japan
consonant sound vowel sound (a, e, Directions: Lakes, single islands, continents or
(b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k i, o, u). • The west mountains.
etc). • The east • Asia • Lake Victoria
• The south • Mt Fuji • Honolulu
• a book. • an apple. Something that is unique or there is only Planets: Meals:
• a table. • an elephant. one. • Mars. • Breakfast.
• a clock. • an umbrella. • the sun • Jupiter. • Lunch.
• a university • an hour. • the moon • Saturn. • Dinner.
(because it (because the • the internet. Sports or games:
starts with H is silent). • tennis
the sound • skiing
“you”). • monopoly

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