Department of Education

LUCBAN CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

Grade 8 MAPEH
1 QUARTER REVIEWER
st

Music and Arts of South East Asia Physical Education Health

-Indonesia -Physical Fitness -Gender and

-Thailand -Components of Physical Fitness Sexuality -
Cambodia -Biological
-Myanmar Dimension

MUSIC

INDONESIA
Indonesian culture is extra ordinarily rich. It is as busy and adaptive as its landscape and natural beauty. The rich culture
is a result of the influence of the various neighboring countries and its very traditional culture. The real spirit of the Indonesian
culture is reflected in their music, dance drama literature and their cuisine. It is very unique and colorful. Indonesian dance reflects
the diversity of culture from ethnic groups that composed the nation of Indonesia.

Religions found in Indonesia with the highest population are Muslims. They do not have a state religion but there is a legal system
to regulate their beliefs. The state allows five faith categories
-Islam
-Buddhism
-Protestantism
-Hinduism
-Roman Catholic.

MUSICAL ELEMENTS OF INDONESIAN MUSIC

RHYTHM- Off nested time interval
HARMONY-/TEXTURE- Polyphonic texture with resultant melody
MELODY- Pelog and Slendro
TIMBRE- Nasal
FORM- Repeated

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIAN MUSIC

SLENDRO- is a pentatonic or five tone scale. It is also older of the two most common scales.
PELOG- is one of the two scales in gamelan music of Indonesia that has seven notes.

INDONESIAN ENSEMBLES
JAVANESE GAMELAN- is known for its expansive collection of a rich variety of instrument types. Besides metallophones and
gongs.
BALLENESE GAMELAN- very similar to Javanese Gamelan. Their music is in cycle but usually faster in tempo. It has a lot of
sudden changes in tempo and dynamics.

THAILAND
Thailand is surrounded by different countries and its position is the intersection of China and India. Thai music is a
blending of musical elements from a number of cultures such as Chinese, Khmer (Cambodian music), and Indian. Burma, Laos
and Malaysia also made an Influence to their music.

CHAANG- It is a Thai folk song for children. It is usually sung with a fast tempo. It is in duple meter. The singer uses a nasal
voice with a narrow range of melody and it is in strophic form.

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF THAILAND

PIPHAT- is an ensemble in Thailand consisting of wood wind and percussion instruments. It is the most common Thai classical
music. It can be performed in either a loud or outdoor style using hard mallets or in an indoor style using the padded hammers.
Musical instruments of Piphat:
a. Ranaat (xylophone)
b. Khaong-wong (set of gongs in circular frame)
c. Pi-nai (double reed pipe)
d. Ching (small cymballs)
e. Taphoon (a drum beaten by hands)
 f. Kalong-tat (a drum beaten by sticks)

Khruang Sai- is an orchestra that combines some of the percussion and wind instruments of the piphat with a stretched string
section. It is used for instrumental indoor performances and for accompanying the Thai hoon grabok, the Thai stick puppet theater.
Musical instruments of Khruang Sai orchestra:
a. So duang ( high-pitched two-stringed bowed lute)
b. Solaw (bowed lute)
c. jhakhe (plucked zither)
d. klui (vertical flipple flute) in several sizes and ranges
e. than (a drum beaten by hands)
f. khim (small hammered Chinese dulcimer)

Mahori- is a combination of Piphat and Khruang Sai. Basically, it is played by women in courts.
Musical instruments of Mahori:
a. ranaat
b. khaong-wong
c. ching
d. chakee (zither shaped like a crocodile)
e. saw-sam-say (three- stringed fiddle)
f. saw-u (two-stringed fiddle)
g. saw-duang (higher two-stringed fiddle)
h. thon (goblet drum; one sided drum)

CARABO is a Thai rock band which is very popular in Thailand and other Asian countries. The group was formed in1976 by
university students Yuenyong Opakul (Aed) and Kirati Promsaka Na Sakon Nakho (Keo ot Khiao) who met while studying in the
Philippines. The word Carabao is a Tagalog term meaning “buffalo” which means a symbol of fighting, hard work ang patience.

CAMBODIA
Cambodia is located in the southwestern section of Indo Chinese Peninsula Southeasteast Asia. It is also known as
Kampuchea. Cambodian music is influenced by different ancient forms especially hindu. They have choruses with large
orchestras.

Pinpeat- is an ensemble that accompanies court music. Their music had a significant part in masked plays.

MYANMAR
Myanmarislocated in the mainland of Southeast Asia.This country is influenced by the big most influential countirs
around them like Chine, India, and Thailand. Most of the musical charactesitic and elements of Myanmar is the same as with the
neigboring countries.
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSIC OF MYANMAR

BYAW- at the religious festivals

PAT PYO- royal court music
IWAN CHIN- songs of longing
BOLE- Sorrow

ARTS
ASIAN ART- it is basically religious in nature. Many forms of visual art likepainting, architecture,schulpture and the combined
arts-like danceand theater are based on the life of mythical beings, gods and goddesses,and legendary heroes.
ASIAN ARTISTS- produced artworks that are reflections of their religios belifs and knowledge.

THAILAND
THAI ATTIRE- it varies from every region where influences of varied religion count.
GANESH- the elephant God.
SUKHOTAI COMPLEX- the meorial of the old kingdom. It is also one of Thailnd’s cultural symbols.

INDONESIA
BATIK- the word batik is a maly word that means “to dot”.It is Indonesian in origin,although this famous textile printing has
been done by the Egyptians and Indians.

BATIK PEKALONGAN- the most famous Pesisir batik fromtown of Pekalongan in Central Java Province.
BATIK PENDALANGAN – also known as Inland Batik. It has earthly color tones. Blackindigo, brown, yellow, and sometimes
all white.
LASE BATIK- it is characterized by a bright red color called abang getih pithik. It is heavily influenced by Chinese.
BATIK JAVA HOKAKI- revelas a heavy Japanese influence during World War II.
BUKETAN MOTIFS- it shows european flower boquet.
CEREBON BATIKS- it shows sea creatures. Cirebonbatik is also called as Trusmi batik.
MEGAMENDUNG- the most popular batik motif. It shows cloud motifs.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
FITNESS- is defined as a capacity of an individual whohas sufficient energy to do his daily task without fatigue.
PHYSICAL FITNESS- is significant to health becauseit reduces the risk of health-related illnesses.

COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS- is the capacity of thr heart and lungs to sustain oxygen to the muscles for
prolonged period of time. It is also called cardiorespiratory fitness.
MUSCULAR STRENGTH - the ability of the muscle towork over a prolonged period of time without being fatigued.
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE- -refers to the maximum Amount of force a muscle can exert against an opposing
force.
FLEXIBILITY- is the ability to move a body part through full range of motion at a joint. Sit-and-reach is commonly used to
determine flexibility.
BODY COMPOSITION- is a ratio of body fat to lean body mass.
PROPER NUTRITION-refers to source of materials-food which is required by a being or cell to stay alive.

TRAINING PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS

The training principles and concepts are rules that you need to adhere to when performing physical activities and programs. These
are the concepts and principles of training:

1. OVERLOAD- The process of adding stress in the form of resistance weight or other materials.

PRINCIPLES OF OVERLOAD

FREQUENCY- Refers to how often you do a physical activity. It usually increases over time.
INTENSITY- Refers to how hard or intense you do a physical activity.
TIME- Refers to how long you do a physical activity.
TYPE- Refers to the kind of activity you perform.

2. SPECIFICITY- refers to a scpecific training intended for one’s sport.

3. REVERSIBILITY- this is also known as ‘use it or lose it’
4. VARIANCE- refers to the vareity and combinationof workouts to maintain the consistencyin exercising.

BMI- refers to the ratio of the weight and height of the body to dtermine the risk
STRENGTH- refers to the muscles’ ability to generate force against physical objects.

HEALTH

Biological nd Physiological Characteristics

MALE FEMALE
Presence of Adam’s Apple Onset of menstruation
Presence of beard and moustache Development of breast that usually lactate
More massive bones Widening of hips
Broadening of the shoulders Narrowing of waist/hour glass-shaped body
Development of bold/strong voice
Narrowing of hips

ADOLESCENCE- is a period when a person undergoes a lot of changes in their body on their teenage years.
HUMAN SEXUALITY- is defined as the measurement of maleness and femaleness in one’s individuality and
physical makeup.
SEXUALITY- is the most important components of one’s personality because it helps a person to determine or
define who he/she is. It is biological and natural.
SEX- refers to the biological charactiristics of being a boy or a girl as evidenced by the external and internal
reproductive parts.
GENDER- refers to the behavior and attitudes that are expected to be shown based na person’s sex.

BIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN SEXUALITY

DNA- dioxyribonucleic acid. It determines all the traits and characteristics of all living things.

TWO SEX CHROMOSOMES

XX CHROMOSOME- Female chromosome
XY CHROMOSOME- Male chromosome

HORMONES-play animportant role in the expression of all physical and physio;ogical sexual characteristics of a person.
LUTENIZING HORMONES- responsible for the production of sex hormones.
FOLLICLE HORMONES- it is a stimulating hormone that triggers the egg cell to mature in the
ovary.
TWO SEX CHROMOSOME
TESTOSTERNE- regulates the production of sperm cells and the occurrence of secondary sex
characteristics in males
ESTROGEN- regulates the productionof egg cells and the occurrence of secondary sex characterisrics
in females.

PARTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Most females have two ovaries, one on each
FALLOPIAN side of the uterus. They are about the shape and
TUBE size of an almond and have two key functions:
producing hormones and releasing eggs.
The fallopian tubes are passageways that carry
OVARY
eggs toward the uterus.
The uterus is an organ that is about the shape
and size of a pear. It is also known as the
UTERUS womb. It consists of muscular walls and a lining
(endometrium) that grows and diminishes with
each menstrual cycle.
The cervix produces cervical mucus, which
CERVIX stops sperm from entering the uterus when a
person is not fertile or when they are pregnant.
is a flexible, tubular structure that connects the
internal and external reproductive organs. It sits
VAGINA
behind the bladder and in front of the digestive
tract.
This is a thin, delicate tissue that partially
HYMEN
covers the entrance to the vagina.

PARTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

The penis is the male organ for sexual

PENIS
intercourse
The testes are oval organs about the size of very
large olives that lie in the scrotum. The testes
TESTICLES
are responsible for making testosterone, the
(TESTES)
primary male sex hormone, and for producing
sperm
The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests
EPIDIDYMIS on the backside of each testicle. It carries and
stores sperm cells that are created in the testes.
The urethra is the tube that carries urine from
URETHRA
the bladder to outside of your body.
the prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure
PROSTATE
that’s located below the urinary bladder in front
GLAND
of the rectum.
The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that
SEMINAL
attach to the vas deferens near the base of the
VESICLES
bladder.
The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that
Vas deferens travels from the epididymis into the pelvic
cavity, to just behind the bladder.