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    Hypertension

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    جعفر محمد
    Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a blood pressure reading persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg. It is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. There are two main types: essential (primary) hypertension which has no identifiable cause and affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition and affects 5-10% of patients. Hypertension usually has no symptoms but can be detected during routine health exams. Complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and eye damage. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress reduction as well as medications to control blood pressure.

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    Hypertension

    Uploaded by

    جعفر محمد
    24 views2 pages
    Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a blood pressure reading persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg. It is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. There are two main types: essential (primary) hypertension which has no identifiable cause and affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition and affects 5-10% of patients. Hypertension usually has no symptoms but can be detected during routine health exams. Complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and eye damage. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress reduction as well as medications to control blood pressure.

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    Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a blood pressure reading persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg. It is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. There are two main types: essential (primary) hypertension which has no identifiable cause and affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition and affects 5-10% of patients. Hypertension usually has no symptoms but can be detected during routine health exams. Complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and eye damage. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress reduction as well as medications to control blood pressure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views2 pages

    Hypertension

    Uploaded by

    جعفر محمد
    Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a blood pressure reading persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg. It is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. There are two main types: essential (primary) hypertension which has no identifiable cause and affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition and affects 5-10% of patients. Hypertension usually has no symptoms but can be detected during routine health exams. Complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and eye damage. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress reduction as well as medications to control blood pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Hypertension:

    Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the blood vessels walls.
    Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure
    during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum pressure between two heartbeats).
    It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) .
    Blood pressure is one of the vital signs together with respiratory rate, heart
    rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature, Blood pressure measured by instrument called
    sphygmomanometer,
    Normal resting blood pressure, in an adult is 120 millimeters of mercury systolic / 80
    millimeters of mercury diastolic, recorded 120/80 mmHg.
    Hypertension (high blood pressure), is a medical condition in which the blood
    pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated, high blood pressure is present if the resting
    blood pressure is persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg.

    Types of Hypertension:
    1.
    Essential hypertension (primary hypertension) is the form of hypertension that
    has no identifiable secondary cause. It is the most common type affecting 90-95 % of
    those with high blood pressure.
    2. Secondary hypertension is a type of hypertension caused by an identifiable
    underlying primary cause , affecting only 5-10% of hypertensive patients. It has many
    different causes including endocrine diseases, kidney diseases and side effect of
    many medications.

    Signs and symptoms

    Hypertension is rarely accompanied by symptoms, and its identification is when seeking


    healthcare for an unrelated problem. Some people with high blood pressure
    report headaches. Lightheadedness, vertigo, altered vision or fainting episodes.

    On examination patient has blood pressure at or more than 140/80 mmHg.

    Complications:

    Hypertension is the most important preventable risk factor for premature death. It increases
    the risk of:

    o Atherosclerosis cause coronary artery disease and


    stroke
    o Cardiomegaly and heart failure
    o Hypertensive retinopathy
    o Hypertensive nephropathy

    1
    Investigations:

    1) Tests to identify possible cause of hypertension and associated medical problems:

    Renal function test, serum lipid, complete blood count .serum uric acid, blood sugar .thyroid
    function test , adrenalin hormones ,

    2) Tests to identify complications:

    ECG , chest x-ray , eye examination by ophthalmoscopy.

    Treatment:

    The goal of treatment is to maintain blood pressure at optimal measurement 120/80 mmHg.

    Lifestyle modifications
    o Weight loss
    o Dietary changes shown to reduce blood pressure include diets with low sodium and
    plant-based diets.
    o Physical exercise
    o Psychological Stress reduction

    Medications
    Several classes of medications, collectively referred to as Antihypertensive medications, are
    available for treating hypertension. Most people require more than one medication to control
    their hypertension.

    Hypertensive emergency

    Is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of
    acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or
    kidneys).

    Blood pressure is often above 200/120 mmHg,

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