Introduction To Quantitative Research

According to Baraceros 2019:
“One scholarly activity that greatly involves inquiry is research. To be a researcher

is to be a scientist, who must think logically or systematically.”
“Inquiry” and “research” are two terms that are almost the same in meaning. Both
involve investigative work in which you seek information.
 Inquiry is looking for information mainly through asking various questions.
 Research involves examining and experimenting in order to discover or
modify existing knowledge, or identify applications on what has been
known.
Quantitative research is a type of academic research that presents obtained
information in numerical form which are analyzed through the use of statistics. The
importance of quantitative research lies greatly in the production of results that
reflect precise measurement and in-depth analysis of data, which is useful in
obtaining an objective understanding of people, things, places, and events in this
world.
Quantitative research usually happens in hard sciences like physics, chemistry,

biology, and medicine.
Difference of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Standards Qualitative Quantitative
Researchers
Subjective Objective
involvement
Smaller, not randomly
Group studied Larger, randomly selected
selected
Focus Wide Narrow
Results Particular, less generelizable Generelizable
Data analysis,
expression, and Verbal language Numerical
findings
Takes place as the research Plans all research aspects
Research plan
proceed gradually before collecting the data
Evaluates objectives and
Makes social intentions
Purpose examines cause-effect
understandable
relationships
Mental survey of Results from social
Exists in the physical world
reality interactions
Types of Quantitative Research
Example:
EXPERIMENTAL vs NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Experimental research is a quantitative research that treats or deals with the object
or subject of the research in a definite or exact manner and determines the extent of
the effects or influence of the treatment on the object/subject, then discovers the
causes of such effects.
experimental group, the one on which control group, which does not receive
the treatment or influence is applied any treatment
The objects or subjects involved in these types of research are chosen randomly or
selected by chance.
Experimental research
True experimental (random selection) Quasi-experimental (comparative
technique)
Research Design of Experimental Research: follows a sequential order

1. Specify the problem or topic of research
2. Formulate the research problem or hypotheses
3. Determine the dependent and independent variables
4. Select the participants or subjects
5. Decide on the specific type of experimental research
6. Conduct the experiment
7. Collect, analyze, and interpret results
Non-Experimental research is a way of finding out truths about a subject by

describing the collected data about such subject and determining their relationships
or connections with one another. Any treatment or condition is not involved in this
type of research but there is measuring of variables.
Characteristics:
1. Incapable of establishing cause-effect relationship
2. Ways of data analysis (primary, secondary, meta-analysis)
3. Uses research methods applicable to both qualitative and quantitative
Survey Research, the most used non-experimental research
- Aims at knowing what a big number of people think and feel about
- Informants – explain/describe the society’s thoughts, attitude, feelings
- Involves large population
- Interview, questionnaire, online survey, phone call interview
- Social inquiry
Purposes of Research Survey:

1. To obtain information about people’s opinion and feelings about an issue
2. To identify present condition, needs, or problems of people in a short span of
time
3. To seek answers to social problems
Planning a survey research:

1. Explanation of objectives clearly
2. Formulation of research questions or hypotheses to predict relationships of
variables
3. Determination of exact kind of data referred to by the hypotheses or research
questions
4. Assurance of the population or group of people to which the findings will be
applied to
5. Finalization of the sampling method for selecting the participants
6. Identification of the method or instrument in collecting data, whether it is a
questionnaire on paper, through phone, via computer, or face-to-face
Strengths and Weaknesses of Research Survey:

Strengths: Weakness:
1. Versatility 1. cannot provide sufficient evidence about the relationship of
2. Efficiency the variables
3. Generality 2. cannot examine the significance of some issues
4. 3. cannot have an effective application on all topics of
Confidentiality research
4. cannot diffuse the researcher’s abilities to control and
manipulate some factors affecting the study
5. cannot account for real or actual happenings, but can give
ideas on respondents’ views
Ethical principles and rules in survey research:

1. Respect what decision a person has about your research work
2. Make sure that your study will be instrumental in elevating the living conditions
of people around you or in bringing about world progress
3. Conduct your research work in a way that the respondents will be safe from any
injury or damage that may arise from their physical and emotional involvement in
the study
4. Practice honesty and truthfulness in reporting about the results of your study
5. Accept the reality that the nature, kind, and extent of responses to your questions
depend solely on the dispositions of the respondents
6. Decide properly which information should go public or confidential
7. Stick to your promise of safeguarding the secrecy of some information you
obtained from the respondents
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According to Baraceros 2019:

“One scholarly activity that greatly involves inquiry is research. To be a researcher

Quantitative research usually happens in hard sciences like physics, chemistry,

Difference of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Research Design of Experimental Research: follows a sequential order

Non-Experimental research is a way of finding out truths about a subject by

Purposes of Research Survey:

Planning a survey research:

Strengths and Weaknesses of Research Survey:

Ethical principles and rules in survey research:

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