LEWIS STRUCTURE OF

MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
for General Chemistry 1/ Grade 12
Quarter 2 / Week 3

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 FOREWORD

Self-Learning kit (SLK) is designed to help STEM

students understand that things us are made up atoms.
These atoms interact and bond together to form
different types of compounds. Student should realize
that bonding is an interaction of electrons in their
outermost orbital to form either ionic, covalent, and
metallic bonds. In this module, the students are thought
how to draw Lewis structure of an element or a
compound which is part of the valence bond theory.

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OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
K : Describe the concept of octet rule.
S : Draw the Lewis structure of simple compounds.
A : Recognized the significance of Lewis structure in reactions and
formation of a chemical bond.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
- Draw the Lewis structure of ions (STEM_GC11ESIId-g70)

I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY/PRE-TEST

I. Using the periodic table, complete the table below by providing

the following
a.) total number of electrons
b.) the number of energy level (n)
c.) the number of valence electron.

Total Electron Number of Number of valence

Element
if neutral energy level (n) electrons
C

Cl

Mg

Ca

Li

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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
DISCUSSION:

The Lewis Structure

Electrons are located further outside of the nucleus of an
atom (see atoms of Na and F below). When atoms combine to form
compounds, the first sub- atomic particles in the atom to interact
are the electrons. The result of these electron interactions is called
chemical bonds. These chemical bonds are called ionic and
covalent bonds. Ionic bond result from a transfer of electrons from
one species (usually a metal) to another (usually a nonmetal or
polyatomic ion). On the other hand, covalent bond result from a
sharing of electrons by two or more atoms (usually nonmetals). This
idea was the basis for the formation of the Lewis structure proposed
by Gilbert Newton Lewis.
Na F

The Bohr diagram of Sodium and Fluorine. The blue dot is the
neutron, yellow is the proton, and the red dot are the electrons.

Lewis structure or the electron-dot structure utilizes the

valence electron and represented by a dot. Take note that the
valence electrons are located in the outermost energy level (n)
and these are the ones that will interact first during a chemical
reaction. As discuss, elements tend to give off or accept electron
to be stable or to be a noble-gas configuration statement is
commonly known as octet rule.

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Lewis structure for monoatomic element:
Monatomic or monoatomic elements are elements that are
stable as single atoms. Mon- or Mono- means one. In order for an
element to be stable by itself, it needs to have a stable octet of
valence electrons.
Example 1. The Lewis structure of the following monoatomic atom are:
a. Magnesium (Mg):

Mg - 2 dots, since Mg belong to group 2, its valence electron is 2.

b. Fluorine (F):

F - 7 dots, since F belong to group 17, its valence electron is 7.

The table below make it easier to identify the number of

valence electrons corresponding to a group. In addition, based on
the valence electron, we can also predict the charge or the
oxidation number/state of the elements. It’s worth noting that metals
tend to give off electrons to be stable and once it gives off, it
becomes a positive charge. In contrast, non-metals tend to accept
electrons to be stable and becomes a negatively charge.
Take note that the valence electron of transition metals varies and will not be
included here. This is due to the overlapping of atomic orbitals.

Group No. Valence Electron/s Number of Dots Oxidation No.

1 1 1 +1
2 2 2 +2
3 – 12
(Transition metals) - - -

13 3 3 +3
14 4 4 ±4
15 5 5 -3
16 6 6 -2
17 7 7 -1
18 8 8 0

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 You might be wondering why the oxidation number of group
18 or noble gases is equal to zero. This is due to stability; the energy
level of each noble gases is already fully filled by electrons. That is
why noble gases are highly unreactive and does not want to give
off or accept electrons in forming a chemical bond. In addition,
noble gases usually they exist in nature as monoatomic.

Lewis structure for Binary ionic compound:

Binary ionic compounds are compounds containing two
distinct atom and forming a bond. Since it is an ionic compound, it
contains a metal that lose/s its electron/s and a non-metal that
accept/s an electron/s.
Example 2. For binary ionic compound, the following are
corresponding Lewis structure.
a. Sodium fluoride (NaF):
- The Lewis structure of NaF, notice
that as it become an ionic
compound, the Na gives 1 electron
and F accepts 1 electron. These
makes + and – charges on Na and
F respectively.

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl2):

- The Lewis structure of CaCl2,
notice Ca has 2 valence electrons
and Cl has 7. Ca must give all of its
electron to be stable and Cl needs
1. To accommodate, another Cl is
need. That is why the chemical
formula is CaCl2.

There are ions that contains covalent bonds, covalent bond

contains shared electron and is represented by a line. This in order
for the atoms to satisfy its octet. One line (─) also known as single
bonds shares 2 electrons, 2 lines (═) or double bonds shares 4
electrons, and triple bonds (≡) shares 6 electrons.

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Lewis structure for polyatomic ions:
The polyatomic ions are covalent compounds that contains a
charge, also known as formal charges. The bonding within the atom
are covalent thus electrons are being shared between them.
Example 3. For polyatomic ions, the following are the steps in
determining the Lewis structure.
1. Determine the total valence electron (VET). Using the formula,
VET = ∑ 𝑉𝐸 + 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 where VE = valence electrons
CO32- 2 is added since the total charge is
negative 2. Negative charge means,
VET = (1 x 4) + (3 x 6) + 2 = 24 electron is being added. Consequently,
if the charge of the polyatomic ion is
positive, it should be deducted. Positive
For C For O means electrons are being remove.

2. Determine the number of bonded electron (BE), assuming all are

single bond.
Since there are 3 possible single bonds, each can
BE = 6
accommodate 2 electrons.
- In identifying the central atom, one must
consider electronegative value, the least value is
the central in this case C is least electronegative
than O (consult a book for values).

3. Count the number of required electrons (RE) needed to fulfill its

octet. Just copy the line structure in Step 2,
C needs 2 electrons (6 electrons are already shared)

Each O needs 6 electrons (2 electrons are already shared)

Therefore, RE = (6 x 3) + (1 x 2) = 20

4. Calculate the available electrons (AE) using the formula;

AE = VET – RE = 24 – 20 = 4

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5. Determine the number of bonds or lone pair electrons around the
central atom. Using the formula;
No. of bonds or lone pair electron - - 2 means in every bond
contains 2 electrons or 2
= (BE – AE) electrons in every lone pairs
2
= (BE – AE)/2 = (6 – 4)/2 = 2/2 = 1

- Note: If the value is positive, add bonds. If negative, add 2 electrons as lone pair at the central
atom (Example; if -1 add 2 electrons, if -2 add 4 electrons, etc.)

6. Therefore, the Lewis structure.

Partial bracket represents the partial charge of CO3-2. There are also 3 possible structure, but are
just resonance, meaning the double bond shift its electrons to another atoms.

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST:

I. Determine the Lewis structure of:

a. Cl d. F2 g. PO4-3 j. Ca
b. NaBr e. O3 h. N2
c. H2O f. CN- i. NH4+

REFERENCES

Ebbing, Darrell, and Steven D. Gammon. General chemistry.

Cengage Learning, 2016.
Zumdahl, Steven S. & Zumdahl, Susan A. (2007). Chemistry 7 th ed.
Houghton MifflinCompany, USA. Pp106-111.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

MARIA CRISTINA M. SALASALAN

Writer
_________________________________

BETA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES JR.
VERONICA A. RECTO
MANASSES V. JABALDE
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
AGUSTINA C. OMAGUING

ALPHA QA TEAM
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EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
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MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
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DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality
to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and
evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in
any form without expressed written consent from the division. 9
SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

This student learning kit deals

about Lewis structure of ions. A
Lewis structure is a very simplified
representation of the valence
shell electrons in a molecule.
Learning about Lewis structure is
easy especially that there are
different strategies in getting the
valence electrons.
Join us, as we dive in
through the world of Lewis
structure of ions.

Pre-activity/pre-test

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

MARIA CRISTINA M. SALASALAN is a graduate of Bachelor
of Science in Nursing from Jose Rizal Memorial State
University in 2010. Finished Continuing Professional
Education (CPE) at Villaflores College in 2015. Finished her
Complete Academic Requirement for Master of Arts in
Science Teaching at Negros Oriental State University.
Currently working at Department of Education, as teacher
Evaluation/post-test:
II, connected at Crisostomo O. Retes National High School
Senior High.

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