Keyboard Input: Provides Multiplexed Display

12.
2 Features of 8279
1. 1C 8279 provides a scanned interface to a 64-contact key matrix, with two more
keys CONTROL and SHIFT.
2. It provides three input modes for keyboard interface.
i) Scanned Keyboard Mode ii) Scanned Sensor Matrix Mode

i) Strobed Input Mode
3. It has built-in hardware to provide key debounce.
4. It allows key depressions in 2 key lockout or N-key rollover mode, which
eliminates software required to implement 2 key lockout and N-key rollover
modes.
5. The interrupt output of 8279 can be used to tell CPU that the keypress is detected.
This eliminates the need of software polling.
6. It provides 8 byte FIFO RAM to store keycodes. This allows to store 8 key board
inputs when CPU is busy in performing his own computation.
7. It provides multiplexed display interface with blanking and inhibit options.
8. It provides sixteen byte display RAM to store display codes for 16 digits, allowing
to interface 16 digits.
9. In autoincrement mode, address of display RAM and FIFO RAM is incremented
automatically which eliminates extra command after each read/write operation to
access successive locations of display RAM and FIFO RAM.
10. It provides two output modes for display interface.
i) Left Entry (typewriter type) ii) Right Entry (calculator type)
11. Simultaneous keyboard and display operation facility allows to interleave
keyboard and display software.
Review Question
1. List features of 8279.
12.3 Pin Description
.Fig. 12.3.1 shows functional and pin diagram of 8279. It is a 40 pin device and
looking at Fig. 12.3.1 (a) we can see that these pins are divided in four functional
groups
CPU interface Key data
Display data Scan
9*Vcc
IRQ Vcc
RLg-7K6 RL3 L 2 RLI
Key
DATA data CLK RLo
BUS SHIFT RO CNTLSTB
CNTL
STB
RL SHIFT
Sl
WR Rle L sLa
7 SL
CS RESETL slo
oUTAp-3 RDL 10 8279
WR OUT B
RESET OUT Bo3 Y
DBG 12
oUT Ba
DB,13 28 ouTB3
CLK DB 14
OUTA
D
DB 15
OUTA
DB16 OUTA2
DB 17 OUTA
DB18 BO
DB; 19
Cs
(a) Functional pin diagram (6) Pin diagram

Fig. 12.3.1
12.3.2 Keyboard Data
This group consists of return, SHIFT and CNTL/STB lines.
RLg-RL7 Return Lines

These input lines are used to interface matrix keyboard.
These lines have active internal pullups which keep their status high.
When the key from the matrix keyboard is pressed corresponding return line goes
low.
. I n the strobed input mode these lines are used as 8 input lines.
SHIFT
I t is a special key input line.
.Its status is stored along with the key position on the key closure in the scanned
keyboard modes.
I t has an active internal pullup to keep it high until a switch closure pulls it low.
CNTLISTB: Control/strobe
For scanned keyboard mode this line is used as a control input.
Like SHIFT key, its status is stored along with the key position on the key closure.
. I t also has an active internal pullup to keep it high until a switch closure pulls it
low
I n the strobed input mode this line is used as a strobe input. When activated,
loads the status of keyboard into the FIFO RAM.
12.3.3 Display Data

This group consists of OUT Ag-Ao OUT B,-B, and BD lines
OUT Ag-Ap and OUT B,-B
These two four bit output ports, which can be considered as an one 8-bit port.
These are used for sending data to display drivers from display RAM and
connected to the segment inputs of 7 segment display or row inputs of dot matrix
displays.
.These lines are synchronized to the scan lines (SLo-SL3) for multiplexed digit
display.
.In other words we can say that when the data on the scan lines is 0000, ports will
have data from register 0 of display RAM and when the data on the scan lines is
1111, ports will have data from register 15 of display RAM. The two 4-bit ports
can be blanked independently.
BD Blank Display
This is an active low output used to blank the display during digit switching or by a
display blanking command.
Review Question
1. Drarw the functional pin diagram of 8279 and explain the function of different pins.
12.4 Block Diagram AU:May-07, 11, 13, Dec.-07, 10, 14

Fig. 12.4.1 shows the block diagram of 8279. It consists of four main sections:
CPU interface and control section Scan section
Keyboard section Display section
DB-DB7
IRO
RESET Data /O FIFO/senso

Buffers control RAMstatus
CLK
Internal data bus (8)
Display 16x Control and x8 Keyboard

address display
RAM
timing IFO/ sensor debounce
registers registers RAM and control
Display Timing
and
registers control
Scan counter Retun
Shift
OUTAA OUT B-B3 BD
SL-SL RLoRL7 CNTL/ STB
Fig. 12.4.1
12.4.3 Keyboard Section
This section consists of return buffers, keyboard debounce and control,
FIFO/sensor RAM and FIFO/sensor RAM status. There functions depend on
selected keyboard mode out of three keyboard input modes: scanned keyboard,
sensor matrix and strobed input.
Return Buffers
The 8 return lines (RL7 - RLo) are buffered and latched by the return buffers
during each row scan in scanned keyboard or sensor matrix mode.
.In strobed input mode, the contents of the return lines are transferred to the FIFO
RAM on the rising edge of the CNTL/STB line pulse.
Keyboard Debounce and Control:

Keyboard and debounce control is enabled only when scanned keyboard mode is
selected.
.In the scanned keyboard mode, return lines are scanned, looking for key closures
in that row. If the debounce circuit detects a close switch, it waits about 10 msec
to check if the switch remains closed. If it does, the address of the switch in the
matrix plus the status of SHIFT and CONTROL keys are transferred to the FIFO
RAM.
FIFO/Sensor RAM:
This is a dual function 8x8 RAM. In scanned keyboard and strobed input modes,
it is a FIFO. Each new entry is written into successive RAM positions and then
read in order of entry.
I n sensor matrix mode, the memory is referred to as sensor RAM. Each row of the
sensor RAM is loaded with the status of the corresponding row of sensor in the
sensor matrix.
12.4.4 Display Section
The display section consists of display RAM, display address registers and display
registers.
Display RAM:
I t is 16x8 RAM, which stores the display codes for 16 digits. It can be accessed
directly by CPU.
I n decoded mode, 8279 uses only first four locations of display RAM.
I n encoded mode, 8279 uses first eight locations for 8 digit display and all
16 locations for 16
digits display.
Display Address Registers
The display address registers hold the address of the byte currently being written
or read by the CPU and scan count value.
T h e read/write addresses are programmed by CPU command. If set in autoincrement
mode, address in the address register is incremented for each read or write.
Display Registers Display registers are two 4-bit registers A and B. They hold the bit
pattern of character to be displayed. The contents of display registers A and B can be
blanked and inhibited individually.

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12.

i) Scanned Keyboard Mode ii) Scanned Sensor Matrix Mode

(a) Functional pin diagram (6) Pin diagram

RLg-RL7 Return Lines

12.3.3 Display Data

12.4 Block Diagram AU:May-07, 11, 13, Dec.-07, 10, 14

RESET Data /O FIFO/senso

Internal data bus (8)

Display 16x Control and x8 Keyboard

Keyboard Debounce and Control:

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