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An Impact Study of the Community Extension Programs in a State College in the

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Article  in  International Journal of Educational Sciences · May 2020

DOI: 10.31901/24566322.2020/29.1-3.1129

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PRINT: ISSN 0975-1122 ONLINE: ISSN 2456-6322 DOI: 10.31901/24566322.2020/29.1-3.1129

An Impact Study of the Community Extension Programs

in a State College in the Philippines
Teresita B. Salazar

Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Philippines

E-mail: vprep@cspc.edu.ph
KEYWORDS Economic Impact. Extension Services. Impact of Extension Programs. Partner Barangays. Program
Outputs. Social Impact

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to assess the impact of the implemented extension programs of Camarines Sur
Polytechnic Colleges in different partner barangays and communities in the Rinconada Area in Bicol Region,
Philippines. This descriptive research study used questionnaire and interview which utilized Mean and Spearman
Rank Order of Correlation as statistical tools. Findings revealed that the level of program outputs of the community
extension services in terms of skills training, health education, computer literacy, advocacy programs and livelihood
programs were satisfactory. Moreover, the economic and social impacts of extension services were likewise rated
as satisfactory. The program outputs were also determined in relationship to its social and economic impact.
Recommendations to enhance/ sustain the effectiveness of extension programs were likewise proposed.

INTRODUCTION tionally deprived communities in order to give

meaningful reality to their membership in na-
Extension and community involvement is the tional society and finally enrich their civic par-
key result area which makes the community feels ticipation in program undertaking (De Leon
the presence of the institution. There is an in- 2008). One of the development agenda of CSPC’s
creasing appreciation of the impact of higher Comprehensive Development Plan 2010-2018 is
education extension in the teaching and learn- to promote the conduct of relevant extension
ing process as students apply their disciplinary and community involvement programs/activities
knowledge to help address real-world problems. to let the community feel the presence of CSPC
This work may be of interest to higher education (CSPC 2018).
institutions (HEIs) which are designing commu- The Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges en-
nity extension programs with optimized societal vision in promoting the conduct of relevant ex-
outcome (Llenares and Deocaris 2018). It serves tension and community involvement through
as the link between the College and the commu- its varied programs, projects and activities to
nity. It is the avenue where higher educational let the community it serves feel its presence. As
institution extends its expertise in line with its a public state higher educational institution, the
programs. It shares the transfer of technology College endeavors to ensure that implementa-
and other extension programs which would as- tion of a research-based extension program shall
sist to alleviate the economic status of its bene- enhance the livelihood and entrepreneurial ca-
ficiaries. This extension and linkages is not only pability of the target clientele for improved qual-
intended for the community outside the campus, ity of life.
but it is done also within the campus of the insti- The Extension Services Office through its
tution itself. Extension programs and projects flagship program dubbed as CSPC CARES Com-
must be responsive to the needs of the target munity Assistanceship through Responsive
clienteles and must be supportive of the ten- Entrepreneurial Skills portrays its mission and
point agenda of the government and the medi- vision that is to get in touch to those less fortu-
um-term regional development plan of the Bicol nate through provision of skills training; tech-
Region specifically on poverty alleviation. nology transfer, advocacy programs and infor-
The educational system as mandated by Phil- mation drive that they could live better and be-
ippine Constitution, shall reach out to educa- come partners of development. The extension
AN IMPACT STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY EXTENSION PROGRAMS 17

programs started its noble vision by building, Specifically, it aims to determine the level of
forming and organizing communities from the program outputs of the extension programs; to
different municipalities of the 5th district of Ca- know the economic and social impacts of the
marines Sur or the Rinconada. These are being extension programs; to determine the significant
accomplished through skills training and tech- relationship between the impact and the level of
nology transfer like: automotive and driving, re- program outputs; and propose recommendation
frigeration and air conditioning, building wiring to enhance the delivery of community extension
and trouble shooting, basic welding and metal- programs of the College.
craft, carpentry, radio mechanics, plumbing,
dressmaking, food processing, baking and com-
mercial cooking, computer literacy and program- METHODOLOGY
ming, and advocacy programs among others.
The College appreciates the support of the
Local Government Units to this endeavor though The research utilized the descriptive survey
a collaborative partnership to bring a unified di- method of research. It was used to describe and
rection to improve the quality of life in the de- analyze the existing situation about the effec-
pressed and underserved barangays. These ex- tiveness of the extension programs of the Col-
tension programs are sustainably implemented lege. In order to collect pertinent data for the
through the coordination and collaboration with study, the researcher made use of a question-
the LGU partner which is usually done through naire and documentary analysis.
a Memorandum of Agreement for the Adopt-A- A total of 395 respondents were used in the
Community and School Program as approved study. Identification of these respondents was
by the Board of Trustees of the College. based on the data from the extension services
Moreover, with the given parameters of iden- who were the beneficiaries of the extension ser-
tified standards in the evaluation of curricular vices of the College. Furthermore, interview was
programs by Accrediting Agency of Chartered also conducted for clarification and validation of
Colleges and Universities in the Philippines, (AAC- some data. The different partner municipalities/
CUP) Inc., International Organization for Standard- communities were given questionnaires. Weight-
ization (ISO), Institutional Sustainability Assess- ed Mean and Spearman Rank Order of Correla-
ment (ISA), and Institutional Accreditation (IA), tion were the statistical tools used in the study. A
the intensification of the extension services pro- 5-point Likert scale was used with the following
grams and activities bringing about total human descriptions: 5-Outstanding; 4-Very Satisfacto-
development geared towards the empowerment of
the clientele making them self-reliant, independent ry; 3-Satisfactory; 2- Fair; 1-Not Satisfactory.
and capacitated in the form of technology transfer
must be evident and effective. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Extension Services Office of the College
has been continuously implementing different Tables 1 to 5 revealed the level of program
programs and projects in the Fifth District of the outputs of the CSPC extension services in terms
Province of Camarines Sur. It is for this reason of skills training, health education services, com-
that the researcher wishes to assess the effec- puter literacy, advocacy programs and livelihood
tiveness of the extension programs and projects programs. Reflected in the Table 1 is the level of
which have implemented in order to strengthen program outputs of the CSPC extension servic-
weaknesses if there are and areas needing im- es in terms of skills training. The results show
provement with the aim to deliver better exten- that the mean for San Isidro is 3.29 which is in-
sion services that will properly address the needs terpreted as satisfactory (S), La Purisima with a
of the community people that the College served. weighted mean of 3.28 is also interpreted as sat-
isfactory (S) and San Roque with a weighted
Objectives of the Study mean of 3.34 which is likewise interpreted as sat-
isfactory (S). On the other hand, Salay has an
The main thrust of this paper is to assess the average mean of 3.87, which is interpreted as
impact of the Community Extension Programs of very satisfactory; Lourdes has a mean of 3.58
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges. with an interpretation of very satisfactory (VS);

Int J Edu Sci, 29(1-3): 16-23 (2020)

18 TERESITA B. SALAZAR

and Sta. Justina has a mean of 3.55 with the same Along this parameter, the mean is 3.48 with ver-
interpretation of very satisfactory (VS). Along bal interpretation of satisfactory (S). The data
this aspect, the overall mean is 3.48 with verbal reveals that the respondents gained knowledge
interpretation of satisfactory (S). The data gath- which they considered relevant and applied such
ered shows the awareness of the community in knowledge in their own families and shared it to
various skills trainings conducted by the College other people. The same findings in the study of
and moreover, the benefits which the respondents Llenares, Deocaris (2018) and confirmed in the
derived from the extension programs of the Col- study particularly on health education such as
lege. Contrary to the result of this study, Ola- the importance of family planning, good house-
vides et al. (2019) found out in their study that keeping and sanitation.
beneficiaries were undecided as to whether or Table 3 shows the level of program outputs
the extension activities had helped them in aug- of the CSPC extension services in terms of com-
menting their income, had improved their living puter literacy. Along this parameter, the overall
conditions or had caused poverty alleviation. mean is 3.36 with verbal interpretation of satis-
Table 2 shows the perception of the respon- factory (S). The College has also conducted com-
dents along the level of program outputs of CSPC puter literacy programs which are designed ac-
extension services in terms of health education. cording to the demands and addressed need of

Table 1: Level of program outputs of the CSPC extension services in terms of skills training

S. Skills training San La San Salay Lourdes Sta. Overall VI

No. Isidro Purisima Roque Justina

1. The skills learned are effective in 3.39 3.50 3.40 3.87 3.56 3.55 3.55 S
my profession.
2. The skills taught helped me increase 3.28 3.24 3.37 3.87 3.56 3.55 3.48 S
my income.
3. The skills I learned improved my 3.39 3.35 3.38 3.87 3.56 3.55 3.52 V S
self-esteem.
4. I have taught other people of the skills 3.37 3.29 3.38 3.87 3.59 3.55 3.51 V S
I learned.
5. I became gainfully employed after the 3.16 3.13 3.18 3.87 3.59 3.55 3.41 S
training.
6. I adopted the technology I learned. 3.26 3.24 3.41 3.87 3.59 3.55 3.49 S
7. I started my own business after the 3.21 3.19 3.26 3.87 3.59 3.55 3.44 S
training.
Mean 3.29 3.28 3.34 3.87 3.58 3.55 3.48 S

Table 2: Level of program outputs of the CSPC extension services in terms of health education
services

S. Health education San La San Salay Lourdes Sta. Overall VI

No. Isidro Purisima Roque Justina

1. The knowledge and attitude I learned 3.37 3.39 3.24 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.49 S
are relevant and effective.
2. The concepts and skills taught me are 3.42 3.20 3.25 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.47 S
timely.
3. The knowledge I learned improved my 3.47 2.92 3.33 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.45 S
self-esteem.
4. I have taught other people the 3.47 3.27 3.33 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.50 V S
knowledge I learned.
5. I disseminated the knowledge the 3.32 3.27 3.29 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.47 S
knowledge and information to other
community.
6. I applied the knowledge I learned. 3.47 3.35 3.19 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.49 S
Mean 3.42 3.23 3.27 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.48 S

Int J Edu Sci, 29(1-3): 16-23 (2020)

AN IMPACT STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY EXTENSION PROGRAMS 19

Table 3: Level of program outputs of the CSPC extension services in terms of computer literacy

S. Computer literacy San La San Salay Lourdes Sta. Overall VI

No. Isidro Purisima Roque Justina

1. I learned new knowledge and information 3.21 3.22 3.36 3.48 3.63 3.36 3.38 S
in computer technologies.
2. It greatly developed my computer skills. 3.21 3.27 3.28 3.48 3.63 3.36 3.37 S
3. It improved my computer skills required 3.16 3.17 3.30 3.48 3.63 3.36 3.35 S
of my job.
4. The concept and skills I learned
contributed to a better work performance. 3.37 3.13 3.19 3.48 3.63 3.36 3.36 S
5. It developed my self-esteem. 3.26 3.08 3.33 3.52 3.63 3.36 3.36 S
6. I adopted the technology I learned. 3.32 2.98 3.08 3.52 3.63 3.36 3.31 S
Mean 3.25 3.14 3.26 3.49 3.63 3.36 3.36 S

Table 4: Level of program outputs of the CSPC extension services in terms of advocacy programs

S. Advocacy programs San La San Salay Lourdes Sta. Overall VI

No. Isidro Purisima Roque Justina

1. The advocacy program benefitted us to 3.37 3.29 3.15 3.84 3.56 3.45 3.44 S
learn new knowledge and information.
2. It contributed on the improvement of 3.37 3.24 3.23 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.46 S
our way of living.
3. I disseminated the knowledge I learned 3.37 3.12 3.13 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.42 S
to the community.
4. It has improved the quality of our lives. 3.26 3.24 3.33 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.45 S
5. It helped me develop my self-esteem. 3.37 3.24 3.32 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.47 S
6. I applied the knowledge I learned. 3.42 3.39 3.11 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.47 S
Mean 3.36 3.26 3.21 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.45 S

various partner barangays. Among the comput- the community. These advocacy programs are
er literacy program conducted by the College focused on environmental awareness and pro-
was the computer literacy with troubleshooting tection and gender and development among oth-
and repair. ers. Similar to these findings, the study of Chua
Table 4 shows the level of program outputs et al. (2014) also focused on the assessment of
of the CSPC extension services in terms of ad- different extension projects and activities such
vocacy programs. Along this parameter, the as environmental clean-up, nutrition feeding pro-
mean is 3.45 with verbal interpretation of satis- gram and Christmas gift-giving to name a few
factory (S). The findings show that the College which were participated in, well-practiced and
has conducted advocacy programs that helped assessed as well implemented.
the marginalized or under privileged sector of

Table 5: Level of program outputs of the CSPC extension services in terms of livelihood programs

S. Advocacy programs San La San Salay Lourdes Sta. Overall VI

No. Isidro Purisima Roque Justina

1. The livelihood program enhanced our 3.37 3.29 3.15 3.84 3.56 3.45 3.44 S
entrepreneurial skills.
2. It helped us augment our income. 3.37 3.24 3.23 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.46 S
3. It has improved the quality of our lives. 3.37 3.12 3.13 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.42 S
4. It has made us more cohesive as a 3.26 3.24 3.33 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.45 S
community.
5. It helped us develop our self-esteem. 3.37 3.24 3.32 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.47 S
6. I applied the knowledge I learned in 3.42 3.39 3.11 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.47 S
my entrepreneurial engagement.
Mean 3.36 3.26 3.21 3.87 3.56 3.45 3.45 S

Int J Edu Sci, 29(1-3): 16-23 (2020)

20 TERESITA B. SALAZAR

Table 6: Economic impact of the program of the CSPC extension services

S. Economic impact San La San Salay Lourdes Sta. Overall VI

No. Isidro Purisima Roque Justina

1 . Enabled me to find a job and become 3.21 3.04 3.14 3.68 3.63 3.45 3.36 S
employed as a result of the skills learned.
2. Enabled me to augment my income as 3.32 2.94 3.13 3.71 3.63 3.45 3.36 S
a result of the employment gained.
3. Enabled me to improve my house as 3.37 3.06 3.33 3.68 3.63 3.45 3.42 S
a result of the income generated from
such employment.
4. Enabled me to buy appliances as a 2.95 2.96 3.22 3.71 3.63 3.45 3.32 S
result of the income generated from
the employment through the
skills I learned.
5. Enabled me to gain properties/ 3.26 3.06 3.16 3.68 3.63 3.45 3.37 S
ownerships as a result of the income
generated from employment.
6. Improved my economic status being a
self-employed individual. 3.21 3.23 3.11 3.71 3.63 3.45 3.39 S
Mean 3.22 3.05 3.18 3.69 3.63 3.45 3.37 S

Table 5 shows the level of program outputs Impacts of the program of the extension ser-
of the CSPC extension services in terms of live- vices were also analyzed in terms of economic
lihood programs. Along this parameter, the mean and social as reflected in Tables 6 and 7. These
is 3.45 with verbal interpretation of satisfactory are the measures on how the community exten-
(S). The data obtained implies the fact that the sion program affects the standard of living of
College has indeed conducted livelihood pro-
the beneficiaries. Many of them were able to
grams and benefited the constituents of the
barangay. The same findings were obtained by improve their living condition as a result of in-
Abrea (2017) on the livelihood programs con- come generated from the employment after they
ducted to its beneficiaries who strongly agreed availed of the training programs conducted by
that the Badjaos as beneficiaries are capable of the College. Table 6 shows the economic im-
applying the skills learned on such extension pacts of the program of the CSPC Extension Ser-
services. vices. The result shows that the sub-weighted

Table 7: Social impact of the program of the CSPC extension services

S. Social Impact San La San Salay Lourdes Sta. Overall VI

No. Isidro Purisima Roque Justina

1. Enabled me to become productive and 3.32 3.27 3.16 3.87 3.59 3.45 3.44 S
make the right decisions as a result of
the skills learned.
2. Enabled me to awaken the spirit of 3.21 3.29 3.10 3.87 3.59 3.45 3.42 S
volunteerism in me and share the skills
I learned to others.
3. Helped me to boost my self-esteem 3.26 3.17 3.11 3.87 3.59 3.45 3.41 S
and confidence as a result of the skills
I learned.
4. Helped me to mingle with other people 3.26 3.13 3.24 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.43 S
and go out from our homes to enjoy life.
5. Helped me to improve my health and 3.37 3.08 3.14 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.42 S
nutrition as a result of the information
received and learned.
6. Helped me established camaraderie 3.37 3.17 3.08 3.90 3.59 3.45 3.43 S
along with other beneficiaries.
Mean 3.30 3.18 3.14 3.89 3.59 3.45 3.43 S

Int J Edu Sci, 29(1-3): 16-23 (2020)

AN IMPACT STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY EXTENSION PROGRAMS 21

mean for San Isidro is 3.22 which is interpreted as satisfactory (S); San Roque with a mean of
as satisfactory (S), La Purisima with a mean of 3.14 is likewise interpreted as satisfactory (S)
3.05, is also interpreted as satisfactory (S); San and; Sta. Justina obtained a mean of 3.45 with an
Roque with a mean of 3.18 is likewise interpreted interpretation of satisfactory also (S). On the
as satisfactory (S) and; Sta. Justina with a mean other hand, barangay Salay has a mean of 3.89
of 3.45 is likewise interpreted as satisfactory (S). and is interpreted as very satisfactory (VS); Lour-
On the other hand, barangay Salay obtained a des has a mean of 3.59 which VI is very satisfac-
mean of 3.69, which is interpreted as very satis- tory (VS). Along this parameter, the overall mean
factory (VS); and Lourdes with a mean of 3.63 is 3.43 which registered a verbal interpretation
has an interpretation of very satisfactory (VS). of satisfactory (S). The results of this study is
Along this parameter, the overall mean is 3.37 confirmed by Herrera (2010) which showed that
and registered a verbal interpretation of satis- their institution represented by seven (7) Col-
factory (S). The herein findings could be related leges and the Graduate School was socially re-
to by the results of the study of Felicen et al. sponsive to the needs and sincere in its role of
(2014) whose extension program has a great im- uplifting the quality of life of the residents of
pact in the economic status of its beneficiaries. Village Lumbocan.
They were able to apply into practice what they The computed value on the significant rela-
have learned and produce products for sale to tionship between the economic impact and level
earn additional income. of program outputs is shown in Table 8. Data
Table 7 shows the social impacts of the ex- reveals that in all program output indicators with
tension programs. This measures how the lives a tabular value at 0.05 of 0.900 except for com-
of the recipients of extension programs were puter literacy, there exist significant relationship
benefited in terms of productivity in the true between economic impact and level of program
sense of volunteerism. These extension activi- outputs. Thus, program outputs affect their eco-
ties further developed them into more self-reli- nomic situation. It can be said that the imple-
ant and decisive residents of their respective mented extension programs contributed in the
communities with the objective of honing them upliftment of their standard of living. This was
to become socially responsive people of the validated in the interview conducted particular-
country. The result shows that the mean for San ly on the additional income they derived from
Isidro is 3.30 which is interpreted as satisfactory business ventures engaged in after the training
(S), La Purisima with a mean of 3.18 interpreted on livelihood with financial literacy. In the study
Table 8: Significant relationship between economic impact and level of program outputs

Program outputs Computed Tabular value Decision on Ho Interpretation

value at 0.05 level
of significance

a. Skills Training 0.943 0.900 Reject Significant

b. Health Education Services 1.000 0.900 Reject Significant
c. Computer Literacy 0.886 0.900 Accept Not significant
d. Advocacy Programs 0.943 0.900 Reject Significant
e. Livelihood Programs 0.943 0.900 Reject Significant

Table 9: Significant relationship between social impact and level of program outputs

Program outputs Computed Tabular value Decision on Ho Interpretation

value at 0.05 level
of significance

a. Skills Training 0.829 0.900 Accept Not significant

b. Health Education Services 0.943 0.900 Reject. Significant
c. Computer Literacy 0.771 0.900 Accept Not significant
d. Advocacy Programs 1.000 0.900 Reject Significant
e. Livelihood Programs 1.000 0.900 Reject Significant

Int J Edu Sci, 29(1-3): 16-23 (2020)

22 TERESITA B. SALAZAR

of Llenares and Deocaris (2018), the regular at- planning of programs and activities until its
tendees- beneficiaries described the improve- implementation.
ment in their lifestyle. With the additional in- The College has satisfactorily achieved its
come for the livelihood projects they established, objective in its extension services addressing
several respondents reported to have purchased the needs and problems of the community
new appliances and were able to donate more through various projects and activities centered
money to the community church. on skills training, health education services,
As shown in Table 9, the computed value computer literacy, advocacy and livelihood pro-
on the significant relationship between the so- grams. Further, the College has executed ag-
cial impact and level of program outputs. Data gressively through the support of National Agen-
reveals that the null hypothesis was rejected cies such as Department of Social Welfare and
along Health Education Services, Advocacy Pro- Development (DSWD) on the College’s exten-
grams and Livelihood Programs, hence signifi- sion programs and activities.
cant relationship exist between social impact and The extension program has a great extent of
level of program outputs. On the other hand, impact on the economic and social status of the
null hypothesis was accepted along Skills Train- respondents. This is validated by the number of
ing and Computer Literacy. adaptors who are engaged in entrepreneurial and
other similar activities. Likewise, the living condi-
CONCLUSION tion of the marginalized sectors of the society par-
ticularly on the programs of the 4Ps have been
Based on the results presented, it can be continually improved as manifested by the De-
observed that the College has evidently shown partment of Social Welfare and Development
that CSPC was indeed engaged with the com- (DSWD).
munity in which extension officials supervise
the implementation of the plans, programs and RECOMMENDATIONS
activities of the College to their partner baran-
gays efficiently and effectively. Moreover, the The study proposed that given the result of
College has highly capable personnel and staff the assessment, CSPC extension program,
in terms of delivering extension services, who projects must be sustained and enhanced. The
are engaged to achieve the College mission, College, through its extension services office
goals and objectives. A shared leadership and shall continue to be responsive to the needs of
active participation has been developed among the different sectors of the industry and com-
the members of the organization. The College munity with which it works with to continually
improve the effectiveness of its extension pro-
evidently has funds available in the conduct of
gram. The same shall continue to envision the
extension programs and activities and that there consolidation of the roles of the office and the
is a stable funding support from various govern- development of a strategic framework for insti-
ment agencies, NGOs and other stakeholders. tutional and industry linkages and community
Along the extent of participation of the de- engagement, with particular emphasis on mean-
velopment partners in CSPC extension services, ingful poverty alleviation programs to uplift the
the local/barangay officials are greatly involved socio-economic status as well as the sustain-
in the extension services such as skills train- able development of the partner barangays and
ings, advocacy and outreach programs and live- its people.
lihood programs. Likewise, government agen-
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