Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering comprises the design and analysis of heat and

mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems.
[4]

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Acoustical engineering Concerns the manipulation and control of
vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of
unwanted sounds.
Manufacturing engineering Concerns dealing with different
manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems,
processes, machines, tools and equipment.
Musical instruments
Hand tools
Cleaning tools
Cutting and abrasive tools
Forestry tools and equipment
Garden tools
Kitchen tools
Machine and metalworking tools
Power tools
Woodworking, Woodworking machine
Balancing machine
Electrical discharge machining
Loom
Pumpjack
Printing machine
Personal protective equipment
Optomechanical engineering Field specific to the mechanical aspects of
optical systems. Includes design, packaging, mounting and alignment
mechanisms specific to optical systems.[5]
Fiber optics
Laser systems
Telescopes
Cameras
Optical instrumentation
Thermal engineering Concerns heating or cooling of processes,
equipment, or enclosed environments.
Air conditioning
Refrigeration
Heating, ventilating
Sports engineering Is a field of engineering that involves the
design, development and testing of sport equipment. The equipment used
by athletes has always gone through technological design and
development based on current knowledge and understanding.
Vehicle engineering The design, manufacture and operation of the
systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles.
Automotive engineering, bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles, buses and
trucks and new telecommunication vehicles
Naval architecture, marine vehicles and structures
Aerospace engineering, airplanes, helicopters, drones and spacecraft
Marine engineering, boats, ships, oil rigs and other marine vessels or
structures, oceanographic engineering
Railway engineering dealing with the design, construction and
operation of all types of rail transport systems.
Power plant engineering
Field of engineering that designs, construct and maintains different
types of power plants. Serves as the prime mover to produce
electricity.

Geothermal power plants

Coal-fired power plants
Hydroelectric power plants
Diesel engine (ICE) power plants
Tidal power plants
Wind turbine power plants
Solar power plants
Industrial plant engineering
Field of engineering that designs, construct and maintains different
types of Industrial Machines and Equipment.

Air Compressors
Pumps
Fans and Blowers
Conveyors
Elevators
Escalators
Pneumatics
Hydraulics
Gears, Springs, Screws, Bolts, Flywheel, Machine Components
Piping Systems
Energy engineering Energy efficiency, energy services, facility
management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and energy
production. Energy efficiency of buildings and manufacturing
processes, employing advances in lighting, insulation and
heating/cooling properties.
Interdisciplinary
Discipline Scope Major specialties
Agricultural engineering Farm power and machinery, biological
material processes, bioenergy, farm structures and agricultural
natural resources.
Aquaculture engineering, cultured aquatic species and their production
systems
Biosystems engineering, broad term to encompass aspects of
agricultural and biological engineering
Biological systems engineering, broad term to encompass aspects of
agricultural and biological engineering
Biomechanical engineering
Bioprocess engineering, products from biological materials
Bioresource engineering
Biotechnical engineering
Ecological engineering, ecosystems
Food engineering, food processing, food machinery, packaging,
ingredient manufacturing, instrumentation and control.
Forest engineering
Health and safety engineering
Natural resources engineering
Machinery systems engineering
Information & electrical systems engineering
Applied engineering Systems integration, manufacturing and
management.[6]
Automation/control systems/mechatronics/robotics
Computer-aided drawing and design (CADD)
Construction
Electronics
General
Graphics
Nanotechnology
Biomedical engineering, Biomedical nanoengineering Medicine and
healthcare biology, biocompatible prostheses, diagnostic and
therapeutic devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-implants,
imaging equipment such as MRIs and EEGs, tissue regeneration and
pharmaceuticals. The increased utilization of nanotechnology across
the existing areas of this branch has led the specialization
Biomedical nanoengineering.
Bioinstrumentation, devices and tools used in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease.
Bioinformatics, digital tools to collect and analyze biomedical data,
such as DNA
Biomechanics, motion, material deformation, transport of chemical
substances across biological membranes and flow inside the body.
Artificial heart valves, artificial kidneys and artificial hips.
Biomaterial, materials implanted in the body
Biomedical optics
Biosignal processing, recording and processing biological signals for
diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as cardiac signals, speech
recognition and brain activity
Biotechnology, use of living systems to make useful products such as
pharmaceuticals and foods
Clinical engineering, hospital-related products, including data
management, instruments and monitoring systems
Medical imaging, MRIs, EEGs, ultrasound, PET
Neural engineering, replacement/restoration of lost sensory and motor
abilities, neurorobots, neuro electronics.
Pharmaceutical engineering, pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical
delivery
Rehabilitation engineering, products that aid individuals with
physical and other impairments, to improve e.g., mobility, seating and
communication
Tissue engineering
Biological engineering
Bioacoustics
Biochemical engineering, processes that involve biological organisms
or molecules such as bioreactors
Bioengineering
Biosystems engineering, broad term to encompass aspects of
agricultural and biological engineering
Biological systems engineering, broad term to encompass aspects of
agricultural and biological engineering
Biomedical engineering, the application of engineering principles and
techniques to the medical and biological sciences
Biotechnical engineering
Biomolecular engineering
Bioresource engineering
Bioprocess engineering
Cellular engineering
Food engineering
Genetic engineering, manipulate genes in organisms
Food and biological process engineering
Health and safety engineering
Microbiological engineering
Molecular engineering
Protein engineering, protein synthesis
Systems biology
Synthetic biology
Building services engineering internal environment and environmental
impact of buildings and other structures
Architectural engineering
Mechanical engineering
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
Refrigeration
Public health engineering: water services, drainage and plumbing
Electrical engineering
Lighting, including artificial and emergency lighting, low voltage
systems, containment, distribution, distribution boards and switchgear
Lightning protection
Security, video and alarm systems
Escalators and lifts
Fire engineering, including fire detection and fire protection
Building façade engineering
Energy supply – gas, electricity and renewable sources
Energy engineering Energy efficiency, energy services, facility
management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and energy
production. Energy efficiency of buildings and manufacturing
processes, employing advances in lighting, insulation and
heating/cooling properties.
Solar engineering, photovoltaic systems, solar thermal systems
Wind engineering, wind turbines
Information engineering Generation, distribution, analysis, and use
of information, data and knowledge in systems.
Machine learning
Data science
Artificial intelligence
Control theory
Signal processing
Telecommunications
Image processing
Information theory
Computer vision
Natural language processing
Bioinformatics
Medical image computing
Autonomous robotics
Mobile robotics
Industrial engineering Logistical and resource management systems
Manufacturing engineering, tools, equipment and processes
Component engineering, optimal components to be subsequently assembled
into products.
Systems engineering, logistics, team coordination, machinery control
Construction engineering, buildings and other structures
Safety engineering, safe operation and safe failure modes
Reliability engineering, product durability
Mechatronics engineering Mechanical and electrical engineering
hybrid
Robotics and Automation
Instrumentation engineering
Optomechatronics engineering
Biomechatronics engineering
Avionics, the design of electronics and systems on board an aircraft
or spacecraft
Engineering management Management of engineers and engineering
processes
Military engineering Military weapons and vehicles, such as artillery
and tanks
Combat engineering
Mining engineering An engineering discipline that involves the
science, technology, and practice of extracting and processing
minerals from a naturally occurring environment.
Nanoengineering The introduction of nanotechnology into existing
fields of engineering.
Materials nanoengineering creating Nanomaterials
Biomedical nanoengineering creating Nanomedicine (Biosensors, Tissue
engineering, Drug delivery, etc.)
Instrumentation engineering creating Nanosensors
Electronic nanoengineering creating Nanoelectronics
Quantum engineering The application of quantum theory to design of
materials and devices. Now gaining recognition as its own branch of
engineering, but more traditionally associated with sub-disciplines of
electrical and computer engineering, communications engineering,
solid-state and semiconductor materials engineering, optical
engineering and engineering physics.
Quantum properties of nanomaterials, nanoelectronics and nano-scale
devices
Semiconductor materials and semiconductor devices
Photonics and quantum optics
Quantum information systems and quantum cryptography
Quantum computing
Nuclear engineering Terrestrial and marine nuclear power plants
Medical physics
Nuclear fuel
Nuclear reactor design and control systems
Radiation protection
Petroleum engineering A field of engineering concerned with the
activities related to the production of Hydrocarbons, which can be
either crude oil or natural gas. Petroleum engineer focus on studying
subsurface formation properties and design and selection of equipment
to maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface
reservoirs. Petroleum geology and geophysics focus on provision of a
static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum
engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of this
resource using a detailed understanding of the physical behavior of
oil, water and gas within porous rock at very high pressure.
Reservoir engineering, the flow of fluids in porous and permeable
underground reservoirs and sub-surface stresses.
Drilling engineering, well-drilling, cementation and casing.
Production engineering, design and selection of sub-surface equipment,
surface facilities and separation of well fluids.
Project engineering Project engineering includes all parts of the
design of manufacturing or processing facilities, either new or
modifications to and expansions of existing facilities. A "project"
consists of a coordinated series of activities or tasks performed by
engineers and designers. A small project may be under the direction of
a project engineer. Large projects are typically under the direction
of a project manager or management team. Project tasks typically
consist of such things as performing calculations, writing
specifications, preparing bids, reviewing equipment proposals and
evaluating or selecting equipment and developing and maintaining
various lists (equipment and materials lists) and drawings
(electrical, instrument and piping schematics, physical layouts and
other drawings used in construction). Some facilities have in house
staff to handle small projects, while some major companies have a
department that does internal project engineering. Large projects are
typically contracted out to project engineering companies. Staffing at
engineering companies varies according to the work load and duration
of employment may only last until an individual's tasks are completed.
Mechanical engineering
Process engineering
Instrumentation and control engineering
Civil engineering
Structural engineering
Environmental engineering
Electrical engineering
Railway engineering Railway systems, including wheeled and maglev
systems. Train signaling and automatic train control.
Software engineering Software engineering the application of a
systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,
operation and maintenance of software and the study of these
approaches; that is, the application of engineering and computer
science to software.
Cryptographic engineering Cryptographic Engineering is the discipline
of using cryptography to solve human problems. Cryptography is
typically applied when trying to ensure data confidentiality, to
authenticate people or devices, or to verify data integrity in risky
environments.
Information technology engineering, (ITE) or information engineering
methodology (IEM) is a software engineering approach to designing and
developing information systems. It can also be considered as the
generation, distribution, analysis and use of information in systems.
Teletraffic engineering Telecommunications traffic engineering,
teletraffic engineering, or traffic engineering is the application of
traffic engineering theory to telecommunications. Teletraffic
engineers use their knowledge of statistics including queuing theory,
the nature of traffic, their practical models, their measurements and
simulations to make predictions and to plan telecommunication networks
such as a telephone network or the Internet. These tools and knowledge
help provide reliable service at lower cost.
Web engineering focuses on the methodologies, techniques and tools
that are the foundation of Web application development and which
support their design, development, evolution and evaluation. Web
engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from
diverse areas such as systems analysis and design, software
engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements
engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information
technology engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing,
modeling and simulation, project management and graphic design and
presentation.
Supply chain engineering Supply chain engineering concerns the
planning, design, and operation of supply chains.[7][8]
Logistics
Pricing
Production
Systems engineering Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field
of engineering that focuses on how to design and manage complex
engineering projects over their life cycles. Issues, such as
reliability, logistics and coordination of different teams, evaluation
measurement and other disciplines become more difficult when dealing
with large or complex projects.
Systems engineering deals with work-processes, optimization methods
and risk management tools. It overlaps technical and human-centered
disciplines such as control engineering, industrial engineering,
organizational studies and project management. Systems engineering
ensures that all likely aspects of a project or system are considered
and integrated into a whole.
Textile engineering Textile engineering courses deal with the
application of scientific and engineering principles to the design and
control of all aspects of fiber, textile and apparel processes,
products and machinery. These include natural and man-made materials,
interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy
conservation and waste and pollution control. Additionally, students
are given experience in plant design and layout, machine and wet
process design and improvement and designing and creating textile
products. Throughout the textile engineering curriculum, students take
classes from other engineering and disciplines including: mechanical,
chemical, materials and industrial engineering.
Apparel engineering
Fabric engineering
Industrial & production engineering
Textile engineering management
Textile fashion & design
Textile machinery design & maintenance
Wet process engineering
Yarn engineering