Assignments

Week 0: Assignment 0
If you want to learn about cause and effect, you must use the experimental method
True
False
Yes, the answer is correct.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
True
1 point
It is easier to recognize the letter “X” within the word “TEXT” than the letter “X” presented on its own
True
False
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
False
1 point
Suppose you look at a vehicle and end up by just remembering ‘—nda’ from the manufacturers name. You
then come up with the Honda to the manufacturer’s name. You have used
bottom up processing
top down processing
primacy effect
recency effect
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
top down processing
1 point
Eye witness testimony are mostly flawed. A optimal method for improving the accuracy of such testimony is
police interview
hypnosis
cognitive interview
cued recall
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
cognitive interview
1 point
Ramu is given directions to village temple. After some time he remembers only the first couple of
instructions. This phenomena illustrates
primacy effect
recency effect
forgetting
availability
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
primacy effect
1 point
The belief that most of our abilities and tendencies are with us from birth is known as
nativism
empiricism
associationism
introspection
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
nativism
1 point
Noam Chomsky revolutionized the field of _________ and showed how behaviorism could not adequately
explain language
neuroscience
computer science
human factors
linguistics
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
linguistics
1 point
That guest star on your favorite television show looks familiar. You’re sure that you’ve seen him before, but
you can’t think of his name. The fact that you know you have seen the face before
perception
attention
recognition
recall
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
recognition
1 point
The belief that psychological phenomena cannot be reduced to simple elements but must be studied in
their entirety is central to the school known as
Structuralism
Gestalt psychology
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Gestalt psychology
1 point
A body of knowledge structured according to what its proponents consider important, which guides
research topics and research methods, is called a ___________
paradigm
hypothesis
methodology
metaphor
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
paradigm
1 point
Ancient scholars in which field asked the first questions related to cognitive psychology?
behaviorism
sociology
biology
philosophy
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
philosophy
1 point
Which psychologist extensively tested his own memory to develop theories of cognition?
Aristotle
Wundt
Ebbinghaus
Chomsky
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Ebbinghaus
1 point
As a graduate student in psychology, you design a study on how lawbreakers who get away with their
crimes react to news of others' crimes. Your graduate adviser rejects your study because it is not
______.In other words, it cannot be evaluated through observation
negotiable
testable
accurate
parsimonious
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Testable
Wilhelm Wundt and his students used a technique known as _________ to study mental states
behaviorism
intensity measurement
componentialism
introspection
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
introspection
1 point
Cognitive psychology is broad, and thus overlaps with many other fields including neuroscience,
philosophy, and ______.
chemistry
astronomy
linguistics
robotics
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
linguistics
1 point
If you think of cognitive processing as a type of information processing, then the brain is the ______
and the cognitive processes themselves are the ______.
hardware; software
response; stimulus
software; hardware
stimulus; response
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
hardware; software
1 point
What kind of research methodology focuses on intensive analyses of a single individual?
surveys
case studies
correlational studies
naturalistic observations
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
case studies
1 point
Which “school” of psychology emphasized objectivity of research methods and measurement?
the gestalt school

functionalism
structuralism
behaviorism
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
behaviorism
1 point
Using a computer or information processing model would most accurately depict which approach
to cognition?
embodied cognition
representationalist
linguistic
behaviorist
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
representationalist
1 point
Which of the following allows us to support claims about cause-and-effect relationships?
experiment
introspection
naturalistic observation
controlled observation

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
experiment
1 point
Which scenario is an example of sensing but not perceiving a stimulus?
the music playing in the background while you are studying
the argument you are having with your significant other while cooking dinner
the music you are singing along to while messaging a friend online
the painting you are working on while talking to your mother

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the music playing in the background while you are studying
1 point
What is the difference between proximal stimuli and distal stimuli?
primates perceive distal stimuli, and non-primates perceive proximal stimuli.
primates perceive proximal stimuli, and non-primates perceive distal stimuli.
The human brain translates distal stimuli into proximal stimuli
the human brain translates proximal stimulus into distal stimulus

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
The human brain translates distal stimuli into proximal stimuli
1 point
Which of these help us estimate objects’ size and distance to aid in our perception?
neurons
sensations
stimuli
cues
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
cues
1 point
A stencil provides a good analogy for the theory of:
prototype matching
template matching
good continuation
featural analysis
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
template matching
1 point
Which of these psychological approaches focuses on how humans use principles of organization to
understand our surroundings?
perception-action
computational
gestalt
top-down
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
gestalt
1 point
If you were to hold a pen in each hand, with one held five inches from your face and the other at arm’s
length, the one closer to your face will look larger, even though they are the same size. This is based on
cues from ______.
the retinal image
brain functioning
top-down processing
a linear perspective
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the retinal image
1 point
___________ are to visual perception what phonemes are to language, according to Biederman
receptors
retinas
distal stimuli
geons
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
geons
1 point
Prototype matching theory argues that percepts are compared to ______ in memory
exact stencils
lists of features
idealized representations
abstract dot patterns

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
idealized representations
1 point
When making a decision, we are likely to weigh all of the possible choices we could make. This is most
similar to the concept of ______ in perception
top-down processing
closure
proximity
affordances
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
affordances
1 point
According to research, which of these is most important in perceiving apparent motion?
nearness
similarity
color
stability
Accepted Answers:
similarity
1 point
Which of the following is an analogy used to describe attention?
a filter of information
a key fitting into a lock
a light that turns on and off repeatedly
a barrier that separates the features of the environment
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a filter of information
1 point
Talking to your friend during class while you are supposed to be listening to your professor’s lecture
is most similar to ______.
salience
a shadowing task
the cocktail party effect
the dual-task method
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a shadowing task
1 point
Treisman’s modified filter model of attention suggests that some information passes through, but only
after it has been ranked in terms of ______.
importance
definition
difficulty
currency
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Importance
1 point
Stroop interference lessens when
participants are better readers

participants are given more practice at naming colors
participants are girls rather than boys
participants are encouraged to focus carefully
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
participants are given more practice at naming colors
1 point
Our attention has been said to involve a ______ that filters out everything except the information we
are attending to
bottleneck
net
switchboard
bridge
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
bottleneck
1 point
Which of these is known to influence the cocktail party effect?
a person’s level of extroversion or introversion

the salience of the message
a person’s intelligence
cultural differences in filtering abilities
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the salience of the message
1 point
Noticing a red flower among a field of purple flowers illustrates ______.
the attention capture phenomenon

the bottleneck of attention
a shadowing task
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the attention capture phenomenon
1 point
Certain stimuli seem to jump off the page at the viewer, causing an involuntary shift of attention that
is referred to as
the Stroop effect

attentional capture
attenuation
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
attentional capture
1 point
In Kahneman’s model of attention, allocation of mental resources is affected by preferences
for certain kinds of tasks over others. These preferences are known as
enduring dispositions
arousal states
momentary intentions
task difficulty variables
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
enduring dispositions
1 point
Which of the following is an example of a controlled process, for most people?
driving
reading
playing a well-practiced video game
sending a telegraph message
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
sending a telegraph message
1 point
Imagine that you are sitting in class, listening to your professor lecture, and viewing slides on the
projector that she is flipping through. Your brain understands these slides as varying forms of light.
This translation is an example of ______.
storage
encoding
retrieval
a translator
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
encoding
1 point
The briefest form of memory is ______ memory
sensory
short-term
working
long-term
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
sensory
1 point
The capacity of short-term memory is ______.
five plus or minus two bits of information

seven plus or minus two bits of information
five plus or minus two words
seven plus or minus two words
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
seven plus or minus two bits of information
1 point
The suffix effect relates to which type of memory?
iconic
echoic
short term
working
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
echoic
1 point
You are participating in a study in which you are presented with an array of letters. However, you are
asked to report only the top line of five rows (much like an eye exam). This process best illustrates a
______ method.
full-report
delayed-report
varied-report
partial-report
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
partial-report
1 point
The fact that the size of the memory set does affect search time in short-term memory suggests that:
search is a serial process

search is a parallel process
search is self-terminating
search is exhaustive
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
search is a serial process
1 point
You recently bought a new phone and had to change your number. However, your old phone number
keeps interfering with your ability to remember your new one. This is an example of ______.
retroactive interference
proactive interference
executive retrieval
overactive retrieval
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
proactive interference
1 point
Higher working memory capacity means that an individual
is more susceptible to interference

has quicker reaction times in identifying target letters
is better able to control his/her cognitive focus
has lower ability to reason from premises
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
is better able to control his/her cognitive focus
1 point
In the absence of rehearsal, short-term memory tends to
last about 20 seconds

decay slowly over 24 hours
decay slowly over a week.
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
1 point
Repeating a phone number to yourself to hold it in memory while you dial it would use which
component of working memory?
the visuospatial sketchpad

the phonological loop
the episodic buffer
both the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop
Accepted Answers:
both the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop
1 point
Suppose you want to become a memory champion. You could achieve your
goal by working hard to ______.
develop a photographic memory

develop superior autobiographical memory
use mnemonics
use prospective memory tasks
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
use mnemonics
1 point
“A natural process that occurs when information is unable to be retrieved from
memory” is the definition of ______.
cognition
remembering
forgetting
storage
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
forgetting
1 point
While studying for a psychology exam, you devise a poem about Piaget’s
stages of development to help you remember them. This is an example of
______.
shallow processing
deep processing
spacing effects
storage
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
deep processing
1 point
Both encoding and retrieval together influence memory performance in
______.
depth-of-processing effects
environmental-dependent effects
mood-dependent effects
transfer-appropriate processing
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
transfer-appropriate processing
1 point
Study is to ______ as tests are to ______.
retrieval; encoding
encoding; retrieval
mnemonics; processing
processing; mnemonics
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
encoding; retrieval
1 point
You are designing a study that asks subjects, “Which of these psychological
concepts have you heard of?” and then presents a list of concepts. Which type
of retrieval task is this?
recall
recognition
implicit
prospective
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Recognition
1 point
You meant to visit the campus bookstore before it closed, but you do not
remember that you wanted to do that until two hours after closing time. This
scenario is a failure of which type of memory?
prospective
implicit
explicit
serial position
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
prospective
1 point
After you have memorized a list of words, you are most likely to demonstrate
______ if you are tested on the list immediately
fading of memory
the primacy effect
the recency effect
strongest recall for the middle of the list
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the recency effect
1 point
Context effects and state-dependent learning effects occur:
for recall tests only

for recognition tests only
for both recall and recognition
for paired-associate tests only
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
for recall tests only
1 point
According to the retrieval cue explanation of interference, you are more likely
to forget where you parked your car in a lot where:
you have never parked before

you have always parked in the same place
you have parked frequently, but in many different spaces
you parked a year ago, but not more recently
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
you have parked frequently, but in many different spaces
1 point
Properties and facts are stored at the highest level possible, according to the
principle of:
encoding specificity
connectionism
cognitive economy
typicality
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
cognitive economy
1 point
The word superiority effect is related to the idea of
cognitive economy
schemata
typicality
spreading activation
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
1 point
Studies of semantic memory have shown that in a lexical decision task,
people are faster at responding to the stimulus “bread” if it is paired with a
stimulus such as:
rencle
dog
island
butter
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Butter
1 point
According to Anderson, procedural memory represents information as
words
pictures
production rules
words and pictures
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
production rules
1 point
According to the notion of cognitive economy, a characteristic like “has wings”
would be stored along with which of the following semantic memory nodes?
bird
robin
hummingbird
ostrich
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
bird
1 point
Collins and Loftus created a revised semantic network model to ______.
violate the transitive inheritance of properties

give each connection between concepts the same weight
try to account for typicality effects
show that people do not use hierarchies when organizing concepts
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
try to account for typicality effects
1 point
Which type of organizational approach was proposed by Collins and Quillian
and includes “has,” “is,” and “can” links?
super-specialized
verification
resourceful
cognitive
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
cognitive
1 point
In picturing a scientist, you may automatically think of a person with a white
lab coat, disheveled hair, and glasses. This is an example of a(n) ______.
exemplar
prototype
stereotype
definition
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
stereotype
1 point
Collins and Quillian’s hierarchical network model would predict that which of
the following statements would take the LONGEST time to verify?
Boo is a Pomeranian
Boo has a popular Facebook page
Boo is a living thing
Boo is a dog
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Boo is a living thing
1 point
Priming in lexical decision tasks may be explained by the idea of:
episodic memory
encoding specificity
anterograde amnesia
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
1 point
“Characteristic features” and “family resemblance” are important aspects of
the _________ view of concepts
classical
prototype
exemplar
schema
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
prototype
1 point
A mental representation of a category of things in the world is known as a(n)
______.
stereotype
prototype
example
concept
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
concept
1 point
If an object is ______ typical of a concept, then people will recall ______
members of that concept
less; more
more; fewer
less; fewer
approximately; no
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
less; fewer
1 point
Imagine seeing a hairless cat for the first time. You try to rationalize whether
this is in fact a cat, and you reason, “It has four legs, two pointy ears, a pointy
nose, and claws; it is probably a cat.” This exemplifies the ______.
stored network view

feature comparisons approach
cognitive economy
neuroscience-inspired approach
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
feature comparisons approach
1 point
Which of the following is true regarding schemata?
A schema refers to something smaller and more specific than a concept

Schemata are passive rather than active
A schema contains only fixed parts, never variables
Schemata can indicate relationships among various pieces of information
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Schemata can indicate relationships among various pieces of information
1 point
In psychology, “family resemblance” means that people, objects, or concepts
in a category ______.
share overlapping sets of features

share a single set of defining features
may seem identical but differ in important ways
may seem identical but differ in subtle ways
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
share overlapping sets of features
1 point
The prototype of a category is a(n) ______ of the important features of its
members.
discussion
detailed list
weighted average
exemplar
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
weighted average
1 point
Implicit learning is also known as:
analytic concept formation

nonanalytic concept formation
knowledge-based concept formation
nominal-kind learning
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
nonanalytic concept formation
1 point
The schema view of concept formation assumes that:
there are clear boundaries among individual schemata

there is cognitive economy among concepts
information is abstracted across instances
no information is stored about actual instances
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
information is abstracted across instances
1 point
You might have a “script” for
what a classroom looks like

what a “pet” is
what a “cat” is
what happens when you go to the barber/hairstylist
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
what happens when you go to the barber/hairstylist
1 point
Paivio’s ____ hypothesis argues that long-term memory contains two separate
systems that represent information in verbal and visual forms, respectively
picture-word
dual code
visuo-verbal
symbolic distance
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
dual code
1 point
Several mnemonic devices, including the method of loci, the pegword method,
and the method of interacting images, have in common their reliance on:
verbal rehearsal
creating a story
visual imagery
use of rhyme
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
visual imagery
1 point
The relational-organizational hypothesis is supported by:
the effectiveness of the method of loci

the fact that concrete words are recalled better than abstract words
the fact that noninteractive images do not facilitate recall whereas
interactive images do facilitate recall
the effectiveness of the pegword method
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the fact that noninteractive images do not facilitate recall whereas interactive
images do facilitate recall
1 point
Finke theorized that there are _____ principles of mental imagery
two
three
four
five
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
five
1 point
Images can prime the visual pathway, making it easier to detect a faint
stimulus. This is an example of:
perceptual equivalence
spatial equivalence
structural equivalence
transformational equivalence
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
perceptual equivalence
1 point
Some theorists believe that there is a single code for all types of information;
this code is known as a _______ representation
visual
pictorial
verbal
propositional
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
propositional
1 point
How would you create an accurate, detailed mental picture of a place you had never
been?
Read about the place and look at pictures of it
Invent sounds and sensations that might happen there
Create a mental picture of a similar familiar place and alter details
It is not possible to do this
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Read about the place and look at pictures of it
1 point
Images are most often ______.
visual
auditory
olfactory
tactile
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
visual
1 point
Objects are usually easier to remember because they are ______, whereas
concepts tend to be harder to remember because they are ______.
auditory; visual
visual; auditory
abstract; concrete
concrete; abstract
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
concrete; abstract
1 point
In the ______, words that rhyme with numbers are placeholders in an ordered list
pegword mnemonic
method of loci
concreteness effect
bizarreness effect
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
pegword mnemonic
1 point
According to most experts in the field, what is the primary purpose of
language?
control
communication
identification
isolation
Accepted Answers:
communication
1 point
Meaning is to ______ as grammar is to ______
semantics; pragmatics
phonology; syntax
syntax; semantics
semantics; syntax
Accepted Answers:
semantics; syntax
1 point
The sentence “The man gave a cloud to his friend” has questionable ______
syntax
morphemes
semantics
orthography
Accepted Answers:
Semantics
1 point
The subfield of linguistics that examines the use of language within particular
contexts is called ______.
semantics
syntax
orthography
pragmatics
Accepted Answers:
pragmatics
1 point
Preposing (moving a certain part of a sentence to the beginning of the
sentence) is syntactically “legal” when:
the moved segment begins with a noun

the moved segment contains a subject and a predicate
the moved segment begins with a verb
the moved segment constitutes a complete constituent of a certain type
Accepted Answers:
the moved segment constitutes a complete constituent of a certain type
1 point
Choose the correct hierarchy of language processing
sounds or letters > words > phrases > sentences

words > sounds or letters > phrases > sentences
sentences > phrases > sounds or letters > words
phrases > sentences > words > sounds or letters
Accepted Answers:
sounds or letters > words > phrases > sentences
1 point
You hear your classmate say, “I’m just going to hang around until class starts.”
Which aspect of language structure helps you understand that your classmate
means "waiting" and not actually hanging from a doorway?
pragmatics
syntax
morphology
semantics
Accepted Answers:
pragmatics
1 point
When you are having a conversation with someone, you often do not stop
between words to emphasize that you are saying distinct words. This is known
as
specialization
coarticulation
functionalism
lateralization
Accepted Answers:
coarticulation
1 point
“I saw a bat in the corner.” Does bat refer to a baseball bat, or a flying
mammal? This confusion illustrates a problem of:
ambiguity
anomaly
synonymy
self-contradiction
Accepted Answers:
ambiguity
1 point
You are reading the sentence “Flywheels are one of the oldest mechanical
devices known to man.” On which of the following words are you likely to
spend the LEAST time fixating?
Flywheels
oldest
devices
to
Accepted Answers:to
1 point
A problem is ______.
when you do not have experience with a situation

when a situation is not as you expected it to be
a situation in which another person disagrees with your position
a situation in which there is a difference between a current state and a
desired goal state
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a situation in which there is a difference between a current state and a desired
goal state
1 point
______ is a common barrier to our ability to solve problems
typicality
functional fixedness
analogical transfer
means-end strategy
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
1 point
The problem-solving technique of ______ involves comparing the goal with
the starting point, thinking of possible ways to overcome the distance between
them, and choosing the best one
generate-and-test
means-end analysis
reasoning by analogy
mental set
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
means-end analysis
1 point
In research on mental search of a “problem space,” a “path” is:
any connection between two nodes

a sequence of moves beginning at the initial state and ending at the final
goal state
the single solution to a problem
the most efficient solution to a problem
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a sequence of moves beginning at the initial state and ending at the final goal
state
1 point
A Sudoku puzzle is an example of a(n) ______.
ill-defined problem
well-defined problem
trial-and-error problem
functional fixedness problem
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
well-defined problem
1 point
Defining and representing a problem is the process of ______.
making a list of the problems you have already experienced and applying
it to the current problem
redefining the knowledge needed to solve the problem while resolving
issues with functional fixedness
focusing on whether the problem is ill-defined or well-defined and if it is
subject to functional fixedness
stating the scope and goal of the problem and organizing the knowledge
needed for addressing it
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
stating the scope and goal of the problem and organizing the knowledge
needed for addressing it
1 point
Think of 10 animal names that begin with the letter R. This problem would
probably be solved using a ______ technique
means-end analysis
reasoning-by-analogy
gestalt restructuring
productive-thinking
Accepted Answers:
productive-thinking
1 point
Mental set:
can only be induced by large amounts of practice

can lead us to make unwarranted assumptions about a problem
involves the use of analogy to solve a problem
aids problem solving because it supplies an efficient problem
representation
Accepted Answers:
can lead us to make unwarranted assumptions about a problem
1 point
Trial-and-error approaches are successful when there are ______.
many variations on a few basic solutions

several risky and improbable solutions
relatively few possible solutions
many conflicting solutions
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
relatively few possible solutions
1 point
While baking a cake, you say the steps out loud as you are carrying them out.
This is an example of ______.
pathology
retrospection
introspection
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
introspection

1 point
Which type of reasoning results in conclusions that contain new information?
inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
invalid reasoning
both inductive and deductive reasoning
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
inductive reasoning
1 point
“All dogs are mammals. All mammals have hair. All dogs have hair.” This is an
example of ______
heuristic reasoning
conducive reasoning
conditional reasoning
syllogistic reasoning
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
syllogistic reasoning
1 point
When Wason’s four-card task is replaced with an everyday problem about
checking the identification of people who are drinking Coke and beer,
people still neglect modus tollens in their responses

people turn over all four cards instead of the two that are necessary and
sufficient
people turn over only one card instead of the two that are necessary and
sufficient
about 75% of participants solve the problem correctly
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
about 75% of participants solve the problem correctly
1 point
Past events seem “inevitable” due to the action of the:
framing effect
hindsight bias
gambler's fallacy
availability heuristic
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
hindsight bias
1 point
______ reasoning is a process by which “if” statements lead to conclusions
Deductive
Conditional
Inductive
Syllogistic
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Conditional
1 point
______ statements are those that are either true or false
syllogistic
relevant
propositional
conditional
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Propositional
1 point
“If my mother visits today, I am not going to cook dinner. She has just arrived.
I am not going to cook dinner.” This is an example of ______.
propositional reasoning
a syllogism
counterfactual thinking
an unconditional statement
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
propositional reasoning
1 point
______ is about absolute truth, while ______ examines the likelihood of a
conclusion being true
deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning

inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning
heuristic reasoning; analytical reasoning
heuristic reasoning; syllogistic reasoning
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning
1 point
Evans (1984, 2006) suggests that when we reason we use one system based
on heuristic processes and another based on ______ processes
dual-process
inductive
analytic
rapid-decision
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
Analytic
1 point
Forrest Gump’s famous quote, “Life is like a box of chocolates; you never
know what you’re going to get,” is an example of ______
surface approaches
category induction
causal reasoning
analogical reasoning
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
analogical reasoning

1 point
In Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory, they hypothesized that people

tend to ______ low-probability outcomes and ______ high-probability
outcomes
focus on; ignore
ignore; focus on
underweight; overweight
overweight; underweight
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
overweight; underweight
1 point
Expected utility theory is usually regarded as a ________ model of decision

making
descriptive
prescriptive
normative
both descriptive and prescriptive

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
normative
1 point
The ideal model of decision making involves ______
discussing options with peers
ranking criteria in terms of their importance
following your instinct
deciding only when the outcome is certain

Accepted Answers:
ranking criteria in terms of their importance
1 point
The mental activities that take place in choosing among alternatives are
collectively called
problem solving
inductive reasoning
rational thought
decision making
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
decision making
1 point
According to psychologists, human decision making often falls short of

optimality because
there is not enough information available to make a rational decision
one cannot be rational under conditions of uncertainty
the information available overwhelms the cognitive processes
rationality assumes a higher degree of intelligence than most people have

Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
the information available overwhelms the cognitive processes
1 point
Which of the following is NOT one of the five phases of decision making
goal setting
information gathering
planning
random choice
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
random choice
1 point
Cognitive illusions
tell us that our decision-making system is seriously flawed
tell us something about the way our cognitive systems work
cannot tell us anything about how to design programs to improve the

quality of decisions
represent serious biases in our real-world decisions

Accepted Answers:
tell us something about the way our cognitive systems work
1 point
When we assess probability by judging the ease with which relevant examples
come to mind, we are using the heuristic of
representativeness
availability
framing
hindsight
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
availability
1 point
The tendency to seek out information that supports our current beliefs is called
a believability effect
a content effect
a confirmation bias
false induction
Score: 1
Accepted Answers:
a confirmation bias
1 point
Normative models of decision making describe
how we ought to make decisions in realistic circumstances
ideal performance under ideal circumstances
what people actually do when they make decisions
cognitive illusions
Accepted Answers:
ideal performance under ideal circumstances

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Week 0: Assignment 0

top down processing

the gestalt school

Yes, the answer is correct.

the music playing in the background while you are studying

the painting you are working on while talking to your mother

primates perceive distal stimuli, and non-primates perceive proximal stimuli.

primates perceive proximal stimuli, and non-primates perceive distal stimuli.

The human brain translates distal stimuli into proximal stimuli

the human brain translates proximal stimulus into distal stimulus

the retinal image

abstract dot patterns

participants are better readers

a person’s level of extroversion or introversion

the attention capture phenomenon

the Stroop effect

five plus or minus two bits of information

search is a serial process

is more susceptible to interference

last about 20 seconds

the visuospatial sketchpad

develop a photographic memory

for recall tests only

you have never parked before

violate the transitive inheritance of properties

stored network view

A schema refers to something smaller and more specific than a concept

share overlapping sets of features

analytic concept formation

there are clear boundaries among individual schemata

what a classroom looks like

the effectiveness of the method of loci

the moved segment begins with a noun

sounds or letters > words > phrases > sentences

when you do not have experience with a situation

any connection between two nodes

can only be induced by large amounts of practice

many variations on a few basic solutions

Week 11: Assignment 11

people still neglect modus tollens in their responses

deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning

Week 12: Assignment 12

In Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory, they hypothesized that people

focus on; ignore

Expected utility theory is usually regarded as a ________ model of decision

both descriptive and prescriptive

The ideal model of decision making involves ______

discussing options with peers

ranking criteria in terms of their importance

following your instinct

deciding only when the outcome is certain

According to psychologists, human decision making often falls short of

there is not enough information available to make a rational decision

one cannot be rational under conditions of uncertainty

the information available overwhelms the cognitive processes

rationality assumes a higher degree of intelligence than most people have

tell us that our decision-making system is seriously flawed

tell us something about the way our cognitive systems work