COURSE

ADF2023 : MANTIQ

LECTURER
PROF. MADYA DR. MOHAMED MIHLAR ABDUL MUTHALIFF

GROUP
KAD 2

NAME
NUR NAZIHAH BINTI MOHD RASHDI

MATRIC NUMBER
1191829

SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2020/2021
 CONTENTS

NO. CONTENTS PAGES

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3

2.0 DETAILS OF THE BOOK 4

3.0 FIVE IDEAS FROM THE BOOK 5

4.0 OPINION ABOUT THE BOOK 6-7

5.0 CONCLUSION 8

6.0 REFERENCES 9
 1.0 INTRODUCTION

My name is Nur Nazihah binti Mohd Rashdi and I am from KAD 2. As an opening, I
want to explain that I will do some book review about book that I have read for subject
ADF2023. The tittle for the book is Introduction to Logic Second Edition (Synthesis
Lectures on Computer Science). This book meant to be used mainly at the college level. It
can however be used by advanced high school learners. This book emphasizes
introduction to Formal Logic. Logic is the oldest intellectual diciplines in human history
and logic can use in everything that we do. We can use logic in our daily routine,
professional activities, to state observation to define concept and so on. Logic is not just
for reading theory but logic increasingly being used by computers. It is to prove
mathematical theorems, to validate engineering designs, to encode and analyse laws and
regulations and business rules and so on.

However, the key discrepancies in the content of the logic semantics taught are what
is troubling. But this book starting with Herbrand semantics rather than the more
traditional Tarskian semantics. It is begin with the object constants, function constants
and relationship constants of the language in Herbrand semantics. Herbrand semantic is
not compact. Although each finite subset is coherent, there are infinite sets of sentences
that are contradictory. Fortunately, this does not create any practical issues since it deals
for finite sets of premises in all situations of practical interest. The first-order syntax and
first-order proof theory plus induction are covered by this book. This technique makes it
much clearer for students to understand the content and leaves them with a better
understanding of what reasoning is all about.
 2.0 DETAILS OF THE BOOK

The name of book which I use to complete tasks book review is Introduction to Logic
(Second Edition). This book is all about Synthesis Lectures on Computer Science. The
authors for this book are Michael Genesereth an associate in the Computer Science
Department at Stanford University and Eric Kao is a Ph.D. candidate in the Computer
Science Department at Stanford University. Micheal Genesereth received his Sc.B. in Physics
from M.I.T. and his Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from Harvard University while Eric Kao
holds a B.Math in Computer Science and pure Mathematics from the University of Waterloo.
This book was published in the Morgan & Claypool Publishers series Synthesis Lectures on
Computer Science. Introduction to Logic (Second Edition) published on July 2013 and
lecture #6 series ISSN. This book contains 151 pages from page 1 until 151 excluded abstract
and preface. This book contains 10 chapters beginning with Introduction which is explained
about Logic, Elements of Logic, Formalization, Automation and Reading Guide. Second
chapter is Propositional Logic and continue with third chapter which is Satisfiability and the
chapter forth is Propositional Proofs. Fifth chapter for this book is Propositional Resolution
and sixth chapter is Relational Logic and continue with seventh chapter which is Relational
Logic Proofs. Besides, Resolution is the eighth chapter and ninth chapter is Induction and the
last one is chapter ten which is Equality. The authors also writes about Summary of Fitch
Rules on page 145 until page 147. The authors concludes their writing by placing the
Bibliography on page 149 and the Authors’ Biographies on page 151.
 3.0 FIVE IDEAS FROM THE BOOK

1. The logic of ideas is Propositional Logic. In language, symbols represent "conditions"

2. Every chapter brings to light new problems and capabilities. Despite these
differences, there are also parallels between these definitions. In particular, there is a
language with a formal grammar and detailed semantics in each case; there is a
country of logical participation and there are legal rules to exploit language
expressions.

3. There are no propositional constants in Relational Logic. We have entity constants,

4. The Theory of Resolution is similar to the Propositional Resolution argument. We

5. Induction, from the particular to the general, is reasoning. We are tempted to assume
an uniformly quantified version of the schema if different instances of a schema are
valid and there are no counterexamples.
 4.0 OPINION ABOUT THE BOOK

Based on book that I have review I have my own opinion about this book. Firstly, I
think the authors of this book has given a fairly complete explanation to the reader about this
topic which is Introduction to Logic. Starting from an Introduction that explained about logic.
Then up to explaination of propositional logic in chapter 2 which talks about the possible
condition of the world that is either true or false and so on. In chapter 3 the authors explained
every problems in propositional logic are reduced to satisfiability problems and then solve by
using a satisfiability solver (SAT). Moreover, in chapter 4 the authors provide evidence the
way of checking logical entailment that solve the problems. Besides, Propositional
Resolution in chapter 5. The complete development of the Proposional Resolution is
explained in this chapter begin by looking at the clause form, the language variation of the
Propositional Logic then discuss the Proposional Resolution. Chapter 6 to chapter 10, then.
One by one the authors have written to cover all the items that need to be in each topic.

In addition, the authors knows the target to whom will read this book. This book is
suitable to be read by groups or students of the university or the general public who want to
know what is logic and the extent of the use of logic in human life, especially for those who
like to think high level. Because the language is quite high and difficult to understand by
some people, this book is not suitable to be read by children or adolescents who are still in
school. This book is very suitable for university students and secondary school students who
want to major in logic or who want to do research in this field. However, other book are still
needed to increase knowledge and reference to the community.

Thirdly, the authors have provided sufficient evidence for the explanation of the title
of this article. This is because, almost every topic the authors discusses will give examples.
This gives evidence that the authors is not just discussing the theory alone but proves through
examples that what is being discussed is ture and not doubtful. Besides, the authors also give
practice questions to the readers. If ther answer obtsined by the reader is repeated using the
method discussed in the title gives ample evidence that what was discussed in one of the topic
is true,

Last but not least, this book is easy to understand. This is because the authors have
processed the logic according to step by step. This will give a solid understanding to students
who want to know more about the logic. For example, in chapter 1 which is Introduction, the
authors explained the element of logic (1.2). The authors also gives examples so that it can be
observed by the readers and can be practiced by the readers.
5.0 CONCLUSION

Based on ideas of this book it showed that this book is useful to all readers. It
would be fruitful to pursue further research about Introduction to Logic in order to
find out in more detail about the application of logic in today's world. If policymakers
were to take this study seriously, might the this knowledge will get comprehensive
attention to the world community and not only to the instructors or students taking
this major. It is because Logic can be use everyday in everything and everywhere.
Through this book it will help answer questions that have arisen recently related to
Computer Science which raises many question marks why the answer be like this or
like that. For those who always ask about every problem must be solved according to
the prescribed method. This book can help a little the reader who always thinks so in
the world of Computer Science.
 6.0 REFERENCES

INTERNET

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_in_Islamic_philosophy, 20th November 2020.

http://shiastudies.org/article/al-mantiq, 20th November 2020.

https://quillbot.com/, 20th November 2020

https://thenode.biologists.com/an-introduction-to-writing-review-articles/careers/,6th
November 2020.

https://essaypro.com/blog/article-review, 20th November 2020.

https://eliteessaywriters.com/blog/how-to-write-an-article-review/, 6th December 2020.

https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-to-write-a-conclusion-news-article-magazine-and-
more-1360734, 6th December 2020.

https://patthomson.net/2012/04/06/concluding-the-journal-article/, 6thDecember 2020.

https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-an-article-review.html#:~:text=The%20introduction
%20of%20the%20article,author's%20claims%20and%20arguments%2C%20too.&text=The
%20introduction%20should%20only%20take,must%20address%20the%20above%20issues.,
6th December 2020.

https://libguides.ucmerced.edu/c.php?g=425381&p=2905597, 6th December 2020.

https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-contemporary-issue-What-are-some-examples,6th
December 2020.

https://www.thebalancesmb.com/how-to-write-a-conclusion-news-article-magazine-and-
more-1360734, 6th December 2020.

https://translate.google.com.my/, 20th November 2020, 25th November 2020, 30th November