ANS143 - Swine Production

S W I NE P R O D U C T I O N
ANS 143
OVERVIEW OF THE SWINE
INDUSTRY
• IT IS THE TOP PRODUCING LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISE IN THE
PHILIPPINES.
• WITH A TOTAL PRODUCTION OF 416.72 THOUSAND MT AS

OF MARCH 2022.
• TOP PRODUCING REGIONS: NORTHERN MINDANAO,

CENTRAL VISAYAS, CALABARZON, WESTERN VISAYAS,
DAVAO REGION.
ADVANTAGES OF SWINE PRODUCTION
•EFFICIENT FEED CONVERTERS INTO HUMAN FOOD
•PROLIFIC ANIMALS
•PIGS CAN BE SOLD OR CONVERTED TO CASH ANY TIME
•SALVAGE VALUES ARE HIGH
•HIGH DRESSING PERCENTAGE DURING SLAUGHTER
DISADVANTAGE OF SWINE PRODUCTION
•SUBJECTED TO HAVE LOSSES
•FEED ADULTERATION AND SUPPLY
•WIDE VARIATION OF PRICES
•LABOR REQUIREMENT IS HIGH
•ODOR POLLUTION
BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SWINE RAISING
1. Feeds 2. Water 3. Transportation
4. Housing and Location

S.W.O.T O F S W I N E
P R O D UC T I O N
PROD U C T I O N S Y ST E M S
O F S W I N E
SOW HERD ENTERPRISE
1. FARROW TO FEEDER OPERATION –
PRODUCER IN THIS TYPE STARTS WITH A PREGNANT
SOW TO PRODUCE WEANLINGS.
2. FARROW TO FINISH OPERATION –

PRODUCER IN THIS TYPE STARTS WITH A PREGNANT
SOW TO PRODUCE FEEDER WEANLINGS.
3. FARROW TO BREEDER OPERATION –

PRODUCER IN THIS TYPE STARTS WITH A BREEDER
PREGNANT SOW TO BREEDER STOCKS.
GROWING-FINISHING ENTERPRISE
❑FARMER RAISERS IN THIS TYPE OF
OPERATION STARTS WITH A FEEDER OR
WEANLINGS RAISED UNTIL IT REACH
SLAUTHER STAGE WITH A WEIGHT
RANGING FROM 80 TO 95 KILOS.
❑MOST COMMON GROWING OPERATION

IN SWINE PRODUCTION
❑THE GROWING-FINISHING ENTERPRISE IS HIGHLY INFLUENCE
BY 1. AVAILABILITY OF SUPPLY OF FEEDER PIGS, 2. COST OF
FEEDS AND FEEDERS PIGS, 3. CAPACITY OF AVOIDING LOSSES
FROM DISEASE AND OTHER HEALTH HAZARDS
BOAR FOR HIRE ENTERPRISE
PRODUCER IN THIS TYPE OF OPERATION
STARTS WITH A YOUNG BOAR BY
WHICH IS RAISE AND WOULD BE
TRAINED AS A BREEDER BOAR.
BREEDER FOR IN HEAT SOWS WITH IN

THE COMMUNITY.
ADVANTAGES OF BOAR FOR HIRE
ENTERPRISE
A. THIS ENTERPRISE CAN BE STARTED WITH A SMALL CAPITAL .
B. CAN BE SUPPLEMENTARY OR PRIMARY SOURCE OF INCOME.
C. CAN HELP IN IMPROVING QUALITY OF PIGS PRODUCE WITHIN
THE SERVICE OF THE BOAR.
DISADVANTAGES OF BOAR FOR HIRE
ENTERPRISE
•HALT OF OPERATION DUE TO POSSIBLE DISEASE
PROBLEMS DUE TO FREQUENT CONTACT WITH DIFFERENT
SOWS.
•CARELESS MANAGEMENT CAN RUIN THE SWINE INDUSTRY

IN THE SERVICE OF THE BOAR.
BREEDING SYSTEMS
HOG ZOOLOGICAL SCHEME
• KINGDOM: ANIMALIA
❑ Sus scrofa is a wild hog of
• PHYLUM: CHORDATA continental Europe, origin of
domestic swine
• CLASS: MAMMALIA
• ORDER: ARTIODACTYLA
• FAMILY: SUIDAE
❑ Sus vitatus originated
from East India that
• GENUS: SUS contributed also in
domestication of swine.
SELECTION
•THE PROCESS OF SELECTING ANIMALS THAT ARE
FAVORED TO BE PARENTS OF THE NEXT GENERATION.
•BOARS AND GILTS WHICH PERFORM BETTER THAN

AVERAGE WILL BE SELECTED.
RECOMMENDATIONS IN SELECTION
•SELECT BREED OR BREED COMBINATION THAT IS COMMON IN THE
COMMUNITY.
•START WITH CROSSBREDS OR UPGRADED SWINE.

•CONSIDER THE MARKET OUTLET AND THE CONSUMER’S
PREFERENCE.
GENERAL RECOMMENDATION FOR BREEDER
SWINE SELECTION
•SELECT PIGS BASED RELIABLE REPRODUCTION RECORDS.
•EVALUATE POTENTIAL ANIMALS FOR BREEDING AT 2-3 MONTHS OF AGE
AND FINAL SELECTION SHOULD BE DONE AT 5-6 MONTHS OLD.
BASES OF SELECTION
STRONG LEGS, LONG BODY, GOOD BONDY
• PHYSICAL SELECTION
CONFORMATION
MOTHERING ABILITY, ADG, BACKFAT THICKNESS

• PERFORMANCE
SELECTION OF BOARS
PHYSICAL BASIS
1. DEVELOPED TESTICLE OF ABOUT THE SAME SIZE AND
MUST BE MUSCULINE
2. STRONG CONTITUTION AND HIGH LIBIDO, BUT CONTROLLED
TEMPAREMENT.
3. STRONG PASTERNS
4. NO PHYSICAL DEFECTS
SELECTION OF BOARS
PERFORMANCE BASIS
1. POSSES GOOD MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT AND EXCESSIVE
BACKFAT.
2. EFFICIENT AVERAGE DAILY GAIN (ADG) AND FEED CONVERTION

RATIO (FCR)
SELECTION OF GILTS
❑CONSIDERATION IN SELECTING OF GILTS
•GILTS MUST HAVE AT LEAST SIX PAIRS OF PROMINENT TEATS
•MUST HAVE RELATIVELY LONG BODY FOR ACCOMMODATE
SUCKLINGS
•STRONG LEGS AND PASTERN

•STRONG AND SLIGHTLY ARCHED BACK
CULLING
•THE REMOVAL OF UNDESIRABLE INDIVIDUALS IN TERMS OF
ECONOMICALLY TRAITS AND OVERALL PERFORMANCE.
•BASED ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICAL

APPEARANCE
❑ BOARS
COMBINATION OF TRAITS
•BOARS THAT HAVE DIFFICULTY IN
(CULLING)
MOUNTING FOR NO APPARENT ❑ GILTS
REASON.
•GILTS THAT DO NOT SETTLE AFTER TWO
•BOARS WITH POOR SEMEN REPEATED MATINGS TO A PROVEN SIRE.
QUALITY AND NO LOGER
PRODUCES VIABLE SEMEN.
•GILTS THAT DO NOT COME INTO HEAT
AFTER TEN MONTHS OF AGE.
•BOARS THAT ARE HIGHLY
TEMPERAMENTAL, VICIOUS, AND
DIFFICULT TO HANDLE.
❑SOWS
❑HEALTH RELATED
•SOWS THAT HAVE POOR
PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF LITTER • BOARS AND SOWS THAT ARE FOUND
SIZE FOR TWO CONSECUTIVE POSITIVE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SUCH
FARROWINGS. AS BRUCELLOSIS, LEPTOSPIROSIS,
AND/OR PSEUDORABIES.
•SOWS THAT HAVE NOT BEEN BRED 30
DAYS AFTER WEANING THEIR LITTER.
• BOARS AND SOWS WITH UNSOUND
•SOWS WITH POOR MATERNAL. CHARACTERISTICS (E.G., HERNIA, BLIND,
INSTINCT AND MOTHERING ABILITY. OR INVERTED TEATS, AND THE LIKE) THAT
COULD BE PASSED ON TO THEIR
•SOWS WHICH FAIL TO WEAN AT LEAST OFFSPRING
EIGHT HEALTHY PIGS.
Inverted Teats
Hernia
COMMON B R E E D S O F
NE I N T HE P H I L I P P I N E S
SWI
THE PHILIPPINE NATIVE PIG
❑ Generally small and mostly solid
black or black and white , with
small ears, sway back and weak
pasterns.
❑ Have good mothering ability,
highly prolific and resistance to
adverse condition of the local
climatic area.
❑ Luzon Warty Pig Sus philippinesis
❑ Palawan Bearded Pig Sus
barbatus
LARGE WHITE
BERKSHIRE
CHESTER WHITE
DUROC
HAMPSHIRE
POLAND CHINA
PIETRAIN
PURE AND UPGRADED BREEDS
1. SPOTTED 1. CHINESE TAIHU PIGS 1. KAMAN
2. LIMOUSINE • FUNJIANG 2. DIANI
• MEISHEN 3. BERKJALA
3. CHESTER WHITE
• JIANXIANG 4. MIRACLE PIG
4. HEREFORD
• ERHULIAN
5. TAMWORTH
6. LARGE BLACK
❑ EXAMPLES OF SYNTHETIC BREEDS
SYNTHETIC BREEDS • BABCOCK
•SWINE PRODUCED THROUGH GENETIC • CAMBOROUGH

ENGINEERING AND RECOMBINATION. • COTSWORLD
• HYPOR
•PRODUCERS UTILIZED HYBRID PIGS AS TERMINAL
• SEGHER
SIRE WITH TWO LINE CROSSBREEDING OR FOUR
LINE CROSSBREEDING.
• MINNESOTA NO.1
• NIEUW DALLAND
• JSR
BREEDING S Y S T E M S
PURE BREEDING
MATING OF TWO PUREBRED ANIMALS OF
THE SAME BREED
PUREBRED – MEMBER OF A BREED WHICH

POSSESSES A COMMON ANCESTRY AND
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS.
IT IS DONE TO PRODUCE GENETICALLY

SUPERIOR ANIMALS FOR COMMERCIAL PIG
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
CROSSING BREEDING
MATING OF TWO INDIVIDUALS BELONGING
TO DIFFERENT BREEDS.
PRACTICED TO IMPROVED
CHARACTERISTICS AND HETEROSIS.
STRONGLY RECOMMENDED FOR THE

PRODUCTION OF MARKET/SLAUGHTER
HOGS.
POPULAR BREED COMBINATION
FOR CROSSBREEDING :
•LANDRACE X YORKSHIRE
•LANDRACE X DUROC
•YORKSHIRE X HAMPSHIRE Landrace x Yorkshire
•YORKSHIRE X DUROC
BENEFITS OF CROSSBREEDING
•INCLUDE INCREASE IN THE SIZE AND WEIGHT OF LITTERS AT BIRTH AND AT
WEANING.
•INCREASE IN THE SURVIVAL RATE OF THE SUCKLING PIGS.

•IMPROVEMENT IN THE GROWTH RATE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS.
THREE WAY CROSS
MODIFICATION OF THREE BREED
CROSSBREEDING.
POPULAR BREEDING SCHEME FOR

THE PRODUCTION OF FATTENING
SWINE.
INBREEDING TYPES OF INBREEDING
THIS INVOLVES THE MATING OF
INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE CLOSELY ▪CLOSE BREEDING
RELATED TO EACH OTHER BY
ANCESTRY. ▪LINE BREEDING
ANY FORMS OF INBREEDING
▪STRAIN BREEDING
SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
❑ EFFECTS OF INBREEDING
• DECREASE OF FERTILITY
• REDUCES VIGOR
• DECREASE OF GROWTH RATE OF
OFFSPRING
• REDUCES VIABILITY OF
OFFSPRING
INBREEDING
THANK YOU

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S W I NE P R O D U C T I O N

• WITH A TOTAL PRODUCTION OF 416.72 THOUSAND MT AS

• TOP PRODUCING REGIONS: NORTHERN MINDANAO,

1. Feeds 2. Water 3. Transportation

4. Housing and Location

2. FARROW TO FINISH OPERATION –

3. FARROW TO BREEDER OPERATION –

❑MOST COMMON GROWING OPERATION

BREEDER FOR IN HEAT SOWS WITH IN

•CARELESS MANAGEMENT CAN RUIN THE SWINE INDUSTRY

•BOARS AND GILTS WHICH PERFORM BETTER THAN

•START WITH CROSSBREDS OR UPGRADED SWINE.

MOTHERING ABILITY, ADG, BACKFAT THICKNESS

2. EFFICIENT AVERAGE DAILY GAIN (ADG) AND FEED CONVERTION

•STRONG LEGS AND PASTERN

•BASED ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICAL

2. LIMOUSINE • FUNJIANG 2. DIANI

•SWINE PRODUCED THROUGH GENETIC • CAMBOROUGH

PUREBRED – MEMBER OF A BREED WHICH

IT IS DONE TO PRODUCE GENETICALLY

STRONGLY RECOMMENDED FOR THE

•YORKSHIRE X HAMPSHIRE Landrace x Yorkshire

•INCREASE IN THE SURVIVAL RATE OF THE SUCKLING PIGS.

POPULAR BREEDING SCHEME FOR

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