‘On successful completion of the course, a 1. Apply basic concepts and Jaws of mec ‘and analyze the systems of forces: section! 2. Analyze static system by applying law of work. rinciple of virtual i id, second moment of at Fr 3, Determine the centroi omen ater of ravi and mas simple and composite plane figures ar or rreria of simple and composite bodies. 4, Analyze problem related to kinematics of a particle an ‘Analyze problem related to kinetics of rigid bodies. 4 rigid bodies: osstoamat uu (A reser, EC np Ba (COHOAT HAT IS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING ? Content Beyond Syllabus Pu wi SCIENCE > Study of fundamental laws and principles > tris all about discovering new things- collectively the sclences alm 10 find out the true or real nature of our universe. Physical Science: Astronomy, Geo-science, Physics, Chemistry Life Science: Functional Biology, Cellular Biology Social Science: Sociology, Psychology Formal Science: Mathematics, Logie ENGINEERING > te the aplication of physical and mathematical seen used to solve real lif ‘ fundamental principles for the benefit of human beings. oe exioam Banu (Ast. Pris), OC gr, Baar (C6 4001 i.MECHANICS cont eres | MECHANICS > ‘The branch of physical science that deals with the effects forces on objets termed as Mechanics ‘The mechanic developed by researchers may be grouped in 3 ways 1 CLASSICAL MECHANICS/NEWTONIAN MECHANICS Sir Issac Newton (16421727, the principal achtet of mechanics, consolidted the philosophy ant ‘experimental findings developed around the sate of rest and slate of motion 4s well 3, ‘avittion. The mechanics based on these laws is called Classical Mechanics or Newtonian Mechanics. M, —_ RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS ‘Albert Einscin (18781955) proved that Newtonian mechanics fils to expe sed (speedo igh) bodies. He put forth he thay of Reavis Mechanics. UL, QUANTUM MECHANICSIWAVE MECHANICS Schrodinger (1887-1961) and Broglie (1892-196) showed that Newtnien behaviour of particles when sonic dstnces are conered. They put forth Mechanics. ((e. sate of esto state of mation) under the etion of the behaviour of high ‘mechanics fils to explain the ‘the theory of Quantum esioam Pej hat Pt GC. gt Bat © }0401 1.3: ENGINEERING MECHANICS > It is the science which deals with the physical state of rest or motion of the bodies ‘under the action of forces. OR > Application of law of mechanics to field problem is termed as Engineering Mechanics. ; o sina Base (aw Pofeny, GEC. ep, Bae (694001CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEE] 1 state of rest of motion o sth clene which deals with the physical a ion of > Tete scene Wptcaton of iw of mechanics t© Held Pre ans (Eeinsing ea] ‘Mechanics of Solids sud t acton fase ‘as Engineering saa iat ru a ‘Mechanies of Deformable Bodies ‘Mechanis of Rigid Bodies Sais] (Byam) (FieopofBaniciy) [Rico ofmasticy J Tinea Kiet ‘os-vo-2001 .Barjare (Ate, Professr), GBC. Jnpalpr, Basar (C.G. 404001 * BODY vs PARTICLE | sn SS SSE ES SEES 1. BODY > An object is having dimension as well as mass is known as Body. > Bodies are deformable and non-deformable (i. rigid) RIGID BODY ‘A body is rigid when the change in distance between any two points is negligible under the action of externally applied force i. there is no deformation, NOTE: In real life there is no body is rigi, itis only our assumption. Tl PARTICLE ‘A body is having negligible dimension but having some mass is known as particle, Bie (A Pf Cel, Baar) 4000|‘LAW OF MECHANICS NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION 1. FIRST LAW: Law of Inertia f rest or of uniform motion in a It states that every body continues in its state of re Straight line unless any external force acting on it. This law defines the force. SECOND LAW: It states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied on it. This law helps to determine the magnitude of force. Force a Rate of change of momentum Force a mass * rate of change of velocity Force a mass * acceleration Fama THIRD LAW: Law of Action And Reaction It states that for every action there is an equal an rane hat Pt OC gs Ba (60-0801 1d opposite reaction. .Continued LAW OF MECHANICS... NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATION Everybody attracts the other, body. The force of attraction Execen any two bodies is diecly_ proportional tothe product OF their masses and. inversely proportional to the square of the ixance between them. my Fo Gimme pa Smut Where, _G=Universal Gravitational Constants = 6.67 « 10" (m¥kg-s?) im, =M, (mass ofthe earth) 1m, = m (mass ofthe body) 1d = (RH) (mean radius ofthe cath + height ofthe above earth surface) — F\sF, =F =W (weight of be body) cman er aoe P Baie (at Profenceh. GEC. nts, Baar (CO}454001But, we know that weight is, i By comparing above two equations, a-eg?.(1.3) When the body is at the surface of the earth (j.e., h = 0) w= SMe eq’.(1.4) Be? GMe eq(1.5) Ro? NOTE: In weight, W = mg. Here, m is constant while g is varying with height. Where, 8 = Acceleration due to gravity .80665 m/s? (At mean sea level ie. at the surface of the earth) osama Boye (at. Pras), GC: Baar (C0) 9401 1.7: FORCE From Newton's first law, Force isan agency which changes or tends to change the state of rest or state of uniform linear motion of the + From Newton’s second law, we arrived at practical definition of unit force as the force required to produce unit acceleration in a body of unit mass, + Also a force is defined as an action of one body over another body. In dynamics a force is defined as an action which tends to cause accelerate a body. CHARACTERISTICS 1, A force can produce push, pull or twist in a body. 2. To define a force completely we have to specify its, (@ Magnimde Gi) Direction ii) Point of Application (iv) Line of Application 3. Force is a vector quantity so rules of vector addition, subtraction and parallelogram law is applicable estoamat Bue (Protea, Bar (C6401 6Force isa fixed vector for deformable body. It neds magnitude, direstion and point of aplication. ‘And force isa Sliding vector als, fr rigid body and it needs magnitude, diretion and line of action. S.A force may be exerted by some actual physical contact like pushing alawn-mower. A force can also be exerted without any physical contac as “the action ata distance” like gravitational fore (weigh and the magnetic force. In this sense we can classify forces as Contacting and Non-conactng (7 of frees Importance of Point of Application Figt Bar is under tension and its deformation is an elongation (Fig.1) Baris in compression and resulting deformation is shortening (Fig 2) ey A Both forces are acting at a point A, produces no deformation (Fig.3) Fig? [Note that the forces in ll the three cases have the same line of action and the ‘sume zero resultant, only the points of application are different. Therefore, we fe) an conclude thatthe point of application i «characters ofa force, a fa ws deformation is concerned. ‘But ifthe bar is rigid, the external effects of the three loadings wil! be identical nea 1 Reyer (Ant Pine OE gi Be (C04 1.8: SYSTEM OF FORCES ‘When a mechanics problem or system has more than one force acting, itis known as a Torce sy or system of force’. OR a group of forces are known as Force System a1.8: 1. Coplanar & Non-coplanar Port es non ‘ Planar is a 2-D force system while Non-cop! + Grovp of forces are parallel toa plane ‘SYSTEM OF FORCES: r Forces: When Number of forces are acting in the planar forces. ‘same plane then itis Coplanar: ne plane thet ‘opl: mn Janae is 3D i.e spatial force sys Pr (at Psi), GEC nl, Bsa (C.0)-04001 1.8: 2 stom SYSTEM OF FORCES. ..Continued Collinear & Non-collin . ear Forces: When line ti along the same line, then itis Collinear forces otherwise Nomcallina foes ce rp econ ‘fm Basu (Ast, Pfeer, GEC. gp, Bas (.0}454001 »‘ontinued 1.8: SYSTEM OF FORCES... ‘When Line of action of number forces ‘oncurrent forees otherwise Non-concurrent 3. Concurrent & Non-concurrent Forces: passes through a common point then it is known as Ci esioamat ase (an Peles, GEC es Baa (C)-4001 Parallel & Non-parallel Forces: When Line of action of number of forces are parallel to each other then it is Parallel force system otherwise Non-parallel force system a Paw se BOKN 70KN —100KN30KN e109 2001 PB (Aa. Profs, CC gdp, Ber (.0.}494001 2Continued 1.8: SYSTEM. OF FORCES..- stem of forces): If group of ) Non-concurrent & Non-parallel (General system ad not parallel then, forces in a plane are not intersecting at One jpoint (Le. non-e they represent a General system of coplanar forces. soa Bee (hat. Prosi), GEC pp, Bsa (. HE 2 SOME OTHER COMMON TYPES OF FORCES cam sonssini Contact & Non-contact Type of Forces: Force produced by direct phy ‘contact is Contact type of Force. While Foree exerted without any physical contact is Non- ‘contact type of Force. It is also known as “Action at a Distance”. MES =m dh cvatoulroce | Electrostatic Force | Bee (hat. Pt) EC. gps, amr (C.6)}54001SOME OTHER COMMON TYPES OF FORCES conse toe th are contact type of force. 2. Distributed or Concentrated Force: led over a finite area. Force can be lume in case of body force (Wel > Every contact force is actually appli case of mechanical contact, over a vol of a suspended cable. > Examples: UDL, UVL, Non-uniformly varying load > When the contact area is of negligible dimension i.e. point contact (Knife edge contact) istributed over an area in ight), and over a line in case SOME OTHER COMMON TYPES OF FORCES coin rowssiune 3. ‘Action & Reaction: Every action has equal and opposite reaction. ‘A force is a push or a pull that acts upon an object as a results object. some forces result from contact interactions (normal, frictional, fre examples of contact forces) and other forces are the result of acti (gravitational, electrical, and magnet interact with each other, they exert called action and reaction forces and are the subject of N forces upon each other. These two forces jewton's third law of motion. Action and Reaction Poir I ¥ Ere I @ air balloon = tushes| goes up Reaction force on the hammer ny iY ACTION REACTION — ‘Action force on the nail stom Base (Au, Profinr, Cag, Basar (C.0.}494001 of its interaction with another tensional, and applied forces ion-at-a-distance interactions ie forces), According to Newton, whenever objects A and B areMMON TYPES OF FO) 1.9: SOME OTHER co) peer Internal & External: External foros are forces caused by external agent outside ofthe system. Intemal forces ar forces exchanged by the objects inthe system : NOTE: Net external forces (that are nonzero) change the total momentum of the system, while intemal forces donot. — 9: SOME OTHER COMMON TYPES OF FORCES cam somssise 5s. Example: Two 50 paise coins are equal in all manner. ‘Two forces are said to be equivalent ifn some sense they produce the same effect on a rigid body. ‘Example: Two 25 paise coins are equivalent to one 50 pase coin. They are not equal in size shape and weight but are equivalent in their buying capacity. NOTE: The resultant of two forces acting on a body is a equivalent force. 10N) OO Cr essoaant Basar (As Pftnr, GEC air, Base (.0)490011.10: PRINCIPLE OF TRANSMISSIBILITY According to this law a force may be moved anywhere along its line of action without changing its external effects on a rigid body. So fore is a sliding vector fo 7 | +E} Deformable body magnitude ‘Same direction Same line of action estoam ate (a Pf) GEC gi, Basar(C6)}44001 » 1.10: RESULTANT = ‘When a number of forces acting on a rigid body are replaced by a single force which has the same effect on the rigid body as that of all the forces acting together then this single force is called the resultant of several forces. B BR IX Fy Fs Effect: Object is displaced by a distance (let R ( ) _ 20mm) along positive x-axis Dae (Aa Profesor... Japp, Basa (G)}49401 Effect: Object is displaced by a stance (let 20 mm) along positive x-axis, All ofthe above forces are replaced by a single force R os10a001SOLUTION OF FORCES 1.11: COMPOSITION & RE! WO FORCE SYSTEM . LAW OF TRIANGLE: If two forces acting at a point are represented by oe ced ofa triangle taken " id i ler. inode, then their resultant is represented by the third side taken in an opposite or a, PARALLELOGRAM LAW: If two forces acting at a point are represented in magnitude and direation by the adjacent sides of parallelogram then the diagonal passing throvgh ther pont of intersection represents the resultant in both magnitude and direction. RESULTANT/COMPOSITION OF T" BR NOTE: 1. The magnitude of the resultant R can be determined graphically by measuring the length of vector R of the foree triangle, R 2, The magnitude of the resultant R can also be determined trigonomettically if the included angle @ between the forces F, and Fis known. a essaaen ase (a, Pofeer, GEC pp, Bsr (C.6)494001 1.11: COMPOSITION & RESOLUTION OF FORCES. ‘The Resultant is 4 R= AD = VAC? + CD? R= AD = B+ BCPFCD? ° R= VR +R cos PHF sin oy)? Ra VF PHRF + 2FF C058 ‘And Direction of the Resultant is tana= 2=_o>_.__Fasind AC” ABYBC y+ Fec0s6 Particular Cases: 1, When @= 90%, then R= WEF TRE Bare (Au, Profen), GEC.gia, Baar (6. }494001 2 stoma,om 1.11: COMPOSITION & RESOLUTION OF FORCES.......Continued Particular Cases: 2 When @~ 0%, then + R= VAP HRP 2RF R=F\+F, 3. When @= 1808, then = 180" RavEP +P oR, R=F,-Fy 19201 Buje ht. Prof Cpa, But (C4001 COMPOSITION & RESOLUTION OF FORCES. Ll: RESOLUTION: It is the reverse of the Resultant. In figure the force F is resolved into two components ‘making angle 6 with X-axis. Y y In triangle OAB, yo Raee, on. eee Fa Fant F,=F cos y And R= Fe —a-Fino * F,=F sind s0a021 Bae (Ant Profen), GEC nat Bas}COPLANAR FO) 1.12: RESULTANT OF SEVERAL CONCURRENT OF PROJECTION 4 Fry= Fy sind eo F, c050) Fay Fy sin0s | Fyy Fy £0804 1)ANALYTICAL METHOD/ METHOD eo Fix=Fisind Fe=Feot | Summation of forces in X direction, BF = Fye- Fac Fye+ Fa, =F 6050, - Fy sin + F, cost + Fy sind, Summation of forces in Y-irecton, BEY = Fy Fy + Fy, Fy =F; sind, + cost + Fy sind - Fy co08, sient je (hat Presi, OC pa, Baar (C.6} 4001 s 1.12: RESULTANT OF SEVERAL CONCURRENT COPLANAR FORCES.....Continued Foes, So Resulantis R=/GRFF OR ‘nd Direton of the resultant tand = 3 Bj Aa Pf, Cahir, ana (C0.» 49001 *{ONCURRENT COPLANAR FORCES....Continued 1.12: RESULTANT OF SEVERAL Ct APHICAL METHOD are acting at a point such that, they in order. Then their taken i 2.) LAW OF POLYGOW/ GR. If a number of coplanar concurrent forces ‘magnitude an direction by the sides of a polygon taken in both magnitude and direction by the closing side ofthe polygon cean be represented in sultant is represented opposite order. Ry s0201 orn (ut Pe, OC gn: Daur (C@)-04001 1.12: RESULTANT OF SEVERAL CONCURRENT COPLANAR FORCES.....Continued Tf several forces are acting at a point and are coplaner then their resultant can be found by the repeated use of parallelogram law. So, polygon law is equiva on of parallelogram law. ent to the repeated applicat sero Baja (Ast. Pron, CCS, Bastar (C.6)}454001forces are actin 0 Tyeaton of here Soln: 100 costS°N ° Bea 2 2F, = 11901N ZF, 50.cos15°+ 100 cos45*= 48,3 + 70.71 = 119.01 N ‘EFy= 50 sin15® + 100 sin45°= 12.94 + 70.71 = 83.65 N R= (GRO) - (C1901 + (365)! = 145.47N osioam PBs (At rf, GEC lar, Basar (C.0)H0400! Direction, 5 medi = BE - 070 0=35.10° » in figure 2. — Soin: ¥ 200 sin30°N 150 sin30°N 200 coss0°N 150 cos30¢N zr,=43.98n SN TaU esis Xo ie EF y=-21.56N }180 sinasen he EF = 150 c0s30°+ 180 cos45?- 200 cos30° - 80 cos60° = 43,98 N EFy= 150 sin30° + 200 sin30®- 180 sin45® - 80 sin60° = -21.56N Resultant, R= QR) + OR) = (4398) +2156)" = 4898N si0am Basu (Ast Profesor, GEC. gp, Ber (C0400, (Q.2) Find the resultant of coplanar concurrent forces acting at the point O as shown 1S0N . er y —- R=48.98N 0= 26.12" Cc(@3) Three forees act on u particle O as shown in igure 3, Determine the val ‘as shown in figure 3. Determine the value of F such thatthe resultant ofthese 3fores is horizontal, Find the magnitude and direction ofthe fourth fore which whex acting along with the given 3 wil keep Condition (1): Resultant is horizontal, it means Condition (i): Fourth force will keep the particle in ibrium So, fourth force will be equal and R=EFy, equi So, EFy =0 opposite to the resultant of above three forces. Fy =0 Fy = Rice frees ™ EF x tre forces ‘EF, = 18 sin10° + F sin50°- 30 sin30° = 0 =R= 10° + F cos50°-+ 30 0330? F sin50°= 15—3.13 = 11.87 F,= R= EFx= 18 cos! cos! = BF= 18 c0s10° + 15.5 c0s50°+ 30 cos30" R= —— R R= EF x= 17.73 +9.96+ 25.98 Fy=R=53.67 KN eso bus (As. Pfesor OE. Ben (C6)-001 “ 1.13: EQUILLIBRIUM OF A BODY jos | ‘ Equilibrium of an object is defined by the balance of forces and moments. A rigid body will be in equilibrium if resultant of all the forces and moments about any point in the space is zero. R= JGR +GR) = EF =0 ao) zFy=0 ny Above equations (1) & (2) are known as EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION in statics. Resultant is zero, if and only if, ‘ Force balance describe the equilibrium of a particle whereas a body need moment equations also. os.103ma1 P Buje (Ast, rote), CEC gar, Basar (.G}494001 a3-D “4 Moment Equations. My =0 pMy=0 8) Mz 20 .e.in2-D a Moment Equations ations of a body in a Plane i (2) Equilibrium equ: Force Equations =M,=0 -----3) F,=0 ———~-@) EFy=0 —-—-@) sna uu (APs GCap, Bar (CG)4O9H 1.13: EQUILLIBRIUM OF A BODY.......Continued (3) Equilibrium of a non-concurrent & non-coplanar forces Force Equations EF =0 ———(1) EFy=0 EF,=0 (4) Equilibrium of a non-concurrent & coplanar forces Force Equations ER, =0 -———(1) IFy=0 ——-~(2) Moment Equations EMz,=0 ——----(3) osioama P Basie (At Prof, GEC. pla, Baar (C.0-4040011.13: E ‘QUILLIBRIUM OF A BODY.......Continued (S) Equilibrium of a concurrent & non-coplanar forces Force Equations “ EF,=0 ~ (©) Equilibrium of a concurrent & coplanar forces Force Equations essoam ase (Ae Pf OC. par, Bas (€O)-0401 1.14: LAMI’S THEOREM Lami’s theorem states that if a body is in equilibrium under the action of only three forces, then each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two forces. Rh we ain, ~ aby ~ 3nd; & In statics, Lami’s theorem is an equation relating the ¢,\b/o magnitudes of three coplanar, concurrent and non-collinear forces, which keeps an object in static equilibrium. : m aan Bsr (Ast Profesor, Bust (0.}49001yMI’S THEOREM. NUMERICALS BASED ON EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONAND LA’ ‘three forces Fl, F2 and F3 is in equilibrium. If the d upon by r i Seoalde dy et coe F3 18 500 N. Find the forces FI an Z — Soln: 1) Lami’s Theorem Approach F,=500N Second, oe HI400 ~ TIOOT F, 500 Sin = sni000_ F2=326.35N F,=500N F1=439.75N ss0am01 Bajar (Aan. Profs), GEC. agar, Bar (CG 44001 * NUMERICALS BASED ON EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION & LAMI’S THEOREM Soln: 2) Equilibrium Equation Approach Fysins0° EFy=0 re ‘EFy= F,sinS0°+ F,sin30°- 500 = 0 (1) 0.766F,+0.5 F)= 500. - Fyeoss0" Fycos30° EFx=0 ZF,= F,c0s30°- FyeosS0*= 0 ee Fy=S00N -0.643F, +0.866F,=0 ——(2) From equation (1) and (2), F,=439.66N F,=326.44N P Bujre (Ast Profs), GLC Saga, Basar (0494001 : staz0a11.15: CONSTRAINT, ACTION AND REACTION A body is not always fr A poy ino always fee to move inal directions. The restaton tothe fee motion of dyin ay direc t 1 ofa body in any direction AA ball resting on a frictionless hor vl tionless horizontal plane is free to move in horizontal’ direction but it cannot move So a horizontal plane is a i D support which restrict or constraint the mation ofthe ball vertically downwards. ‘The ball presses the pl it equal plane downvard with a force equal tits own we eee it ght and te plane in turn must react on the > Newtons 3° law is applicable for Reaction. > If linear motion is restricted then reaction vil bea Fores villbea MomenCoople. rionles ‘Frictionless R| — " csieam ne to 8 i ° 1.16: FREE BODY DIAGRAM na The free body diagram of a body is a sketch of the body showing all forces (ceaction & applied forces) that act on it 4 The term free implies that all the supports (ike wall, floor, hinge or any other ‘pody) have been removed and replaced by the reaction forces that they exert on the body. Steps to draw FBD Step 1: Remove all supports Step 2: Apply appropriate reaction Reaction is always normal to the object and support Step 3: Show all forces (reaction & applied forces) os.p2001 ax (t, Pris), GCap Bas (-6)494001‘Task : Draw FBD for’ below drawing frictionless Step 1: Remove all supports No Motion ; 0 rn see) IR } R rer 6 els, Bra (CG)4001 ” oye 08 FBD REQUIRED FOR osioatn Bae (At Pofeny GEC lags, Basa (ea}oue1 21.16: FBD for few typical cases FBD REQUIRED FOR SPHERE 1 SPHERE? SPHERES coyowes 7 103m 1 pages (a Pe Os, NUMERICALS BASED ON FBD from a point C by two strings AC he strings using Lami’s theorem. — 0.5) An electric lamp weighing 20 N hang oe) BC as shown in figure. Find the forces int Soln: FBD 1. et aby * andy * aa 1. he aATgOO © ATO ~ IAGO” = t, 20 q, 20 BATSON * sin SATSOD * THOT T,=10N T,+1732N bay (at. rr, A.C gs Basar (6 060ga ate a Soln: FBD we Cateuate BC Cos 0 AF TT = 60" at xl apt eft ba A @ nd is ur fat force of rag § emote writs + 200 R Bee O 100" 0 Feo EPy™ Re~ Tae EEL = 200- Tysino? = 0 Ry=21847N Ty =23094N Py oman jet Pf OE yp, tr 401 NUMERICALS BASED ON FBD Q.7) A force P is applied at O to the string AOB. If the tension in each part of the string is 50 N, find the magnitude and direction of the force for equilibrium conditions. Soln: FBD Fy 0 EFy = T,c0s30"—Psind-Tycos45°=0 Apply, (12+ (2)? Psind 7.95 ————-(1) IFO P= 60.88N Apply, (1)/(2) tan = 0.132 ZF y= T,sin30°— Pcos0 + T,sin45° = 0 Preosd = 60.36 2) os10a0n1 O=75° Dare (Aa, Pte), G8. Ban (0.494001,ONNECTED BODIES CASE Ik: Solve for Sphere P Fx =0 ary" 0 {EF = Rysin30? - RysindO+ Rysin60"= 0 ‘tFy" coxs0? + Ryeosah- ROE? 1-0 Ty = R30” - Reside o'Ssin60= 0 Feral Reo 050087 1 ° R,sin30P -Rysindd? =-0.433 c0s30? + cot? ~ 125) ‘solve Equation 3) 2nd (4) Rye 0.502 KN Ry 1.064 KN 10s0n nen un rte oc mgr nT a NUMERICALS BASED ON CONNECT! ‘ED BODIES determine the a caer sat cease eSinies tron yy ive ender 2 eee eral al WO = sho gine sea Faction betwee! eMC 450:mm soln: Angle calculation 4 0,=36.87 de 175 Ee Ww aa Cos 8," ce ~ T25+150 0, = 50.48" 7 (1 eal cay me Frets) GC. esas Basa 102001 rsam ES (ECTED BODI NUMERICALS BASED ON CONN! — = Hey CASE I: Solve for Cylinder © 7 Bex o 0 - E Era Rsins0.48°-W,=0 Bry = Ry -Rycostdt=0 Rysins0.48°- 100=0 © 129.6300550.48° Ry = 129.63N Ry = 82.49 CASE II: Solve for Cylinder B EFy=0 ER, = -RysinS0.48°~ W, + Rysin36.87°= 0 R,sin36.87°— 129,63sin50.48° = 200 y= 499,99 = S00N CASE II: Solve for coma 3 =0 7-0 =0 EF, = R,c0s50.489-R, + Ryc0s36.87° a0 Ry -Rysin36.87°— W,= 3 EF, *R,- Ryc0s36.8 i" = Ry B 129,63c0s50.48°-R, + 500c0s36.87=0 >Fx aN Ryn 48249 N R, = 399.99= 400 N R,=3 s.toz0m Darr (tPfc) OC er, Basar (CG)-44001 e NUMERICALS BASED ON CONNECTED BODIES ee dD A boat Ban show inthe furs in the middle ofa cana 100 m wide and is pulled through two ro 50m long) anid BC LOD m long) by two men on the banks. The pull nGC =P = TSU, Hed ea Sotha the Boat moves paral Sane burke Fel the eseksar tain ihe Gee Rod iis Bk Soln: Angle calculation P=150N Boat will move parallel to the banks only in 50 ic sino, = one condition when the resultant acts along 1100 horizontal direction 6, =30° ie, R= TEx 7 For above condition Fy shouldbe ze. R= 5F*

+ @ cosl947? TPy=0 R=5Ry = 150 +225.01 maghs.s0 Paantnaisereo RoBi «150 cas" + 25.01 costo 1ST Q=22501N . 10-2021 P Base (Ast, Profs), GEC. Iglu, Basar (C.6.)494001, “perpendicular distance of he penne ce of the point ean the Product ofthe Moment of the line of at magnitude of F about point 1 is given by, ofaatonafitefoce ne seme Similarly, Micka M,= ~* 5 fasca a= Fay ce M=Fa Q What will be the unit of Moment? ent = Force x Perpendicular distance ea > The point abc i ; out which the perpendicular dis moment is considered "poh de fon on as Joon Monet Seah moment eo centre lies on the line of action of the force, then moment arm is zero, $0 ss-192m1 rome 0 ETE wun eC upp, ban YO! « St iv ncn ws Brine of nanan > The algebraic sum of moments of SYETE of coplanar forces about a moment cere js equal to Teer ent of thei resultant about the se moment centre. ‘Moment of resultant about © Rad = Roc= R. 02 cos8 = 02. Reosd= 08 Ry jy, moment of force Fy about © F,dy= Fyob= Fr 02 c0s0= 08 Fiat 200. Fy) Similarly, moment of force F, about ° Fydp2 08 Fag) Now, (2)43) Fy dy Fad 08 Fiat 0% Fa Fd) + Fad 08 Fie Fad) Fd +Fid,= 00 Re Fydy + Fd Rd (I) soa se Pte. 0B ae Bate 6 49001negative sign. velockwise moment taki jgn and anticlockwis > Clockwise moment taking positive § Force F is making CCW rotation about point B, cy aa Force F is making CW rotation about point A, M,=+Fd F, = oat « a Beare (A Pte, GEC nap, Dana (C)494001 NUMERICALS BASED ON MOMENT a a SSS SE RSET | Q.12) Find out th i about point A, B, Cand D. . jut the moment about point an sen 15kN Soln. M,=-84 + 10,344) —15.(143+4) A 7 a . M,=~82 KN.m Similarly, at cx M, =~54+ 10.3 - 15.(1+3) eo — 4m 3m Tm M,=~50kN.m Mc =~ 5.(443) + 8.3 15.1 Mc=~26KN.m Mp =~ 5.(443+1) + 8,(341)- 10.1 18 kN esto Bure (Att Profs), GEC. pau, Bar (C.G)-494001, oB= 21) +3, My=24 un, WA) 5 Mc= 5Q)+ 341 +44 Me= 18am “3.4 Mom ws 050). 20) +1, Mp= “ia (2) + 1,42)— My=~26 40 (2) ~3, 1020) s pnb 38)~240)s 1.0) +4) (3) ) Q)-3,1) (1) -3.3) eine (Ast. Pte, CC, Bae (6.45401 = CLASSIFICATION OF 1.21: PARALLEL FORCES INA PLANE > System of forces whose lines of action are parallel to each other PARALLEL FORCES PARALLEL FORCES f Like Parallel Forces R F; os.toaa Forces are in same direction (LS Unlike Parallel Forces Forces are in opposite direction Ry Equal unlike ‘Unequal unlike Parallel Forces Parallel Forces R=F Daj (Ast. Pfes), GEC. apnp, Bana (C6)}44001 RR Rh mek,s couple. eppost parle forces are OW” & 7 eanotterenedy #02 Es a sepacd bY eden ttt the body Sey COUPES” OTE a > co cer eming coe at > The sum ofthe fo effect ofthe couple is 2210. we Moment ofthe forces constituting a couple about Ps : (end ofthe arm coset eM tR ; ple about pont Cy amoment. rns that the translatory F, Moment ofthe forces constituting a (Girthe arn) Mc=Faa+Ra2= Ra Moment of the forces constituting « couple about point D, (Outside the arm) My=Rad, =F(,-4)= Fd oe i. Pt ORE 040 1.22: COUPLE. NOTE: 1. The algebraic sum of the forces forming a couple is zero. ER=F-F=0 2. The algebraic sum of the moments, of the moment centre chosen. M=Rd 3. Toadd two couples take the algebraic sum of their moments, 4. The couple is rotated through any angle. independent of the position of the two forces forming a coupl s.toana1 : PDs (Aa Prof, GEC gdp, Bases (.0.}4940011.23: RESOLUTIO. IN OF A FORCE INTO A FOR CE & A COUPLE Of, 8 ro JO bgp, Bac 40" esioam je At Pre NUMERICALS rm of forces actig on beam a8 SROW in figure. {Q.13) Determine the resultant of the syst 20% 30KN 20KN 4 B Soln: Let resultant Risacting at® distance of ¥ from Fy = 0 (No Horizontal force) end A op -20-30-202-70 iN ‘Apply Varignon theorem about point A so, Resultant pxe Fd * Fed * Feds 0.x = 2041 5) + 30.3) +2046) oN ETT ERT OFF GRD oe : Cae Oe se = 249770 = 3.43 m (From end A) ajo pe 8 mpi Bae COM sionaris subject |e 10 A i i eae reduce this system (© (a) singe forse GAsingl forcemoment 6% MA ( Asingl force-moment 75 at. soins BF 0 (No Horizontal free) et resultant Rs #6008 at a distance of x from 0, Re ne seen 10-25-08 ‘apply Varignon theore” about point A $0, Resultant (GET GRF en = Frid Fats ods "GET ER > ore Gh ' oe on (ort GR 60.x= 60.(40)- 10,(70) + 25.1120) i c= 4790/60 = 7833 €™ = 0.783 m (From end A) soa jes note GBC a Bae COT % NUMERICALS (a) Asingle force 1s] oy oN [25N R=60N |__tsren_] al on [0m Poem" * 3 B b) Asingle foree-moment system at A R=60N o73m__| Reon s B B R=60N —— B h M = 60x0.783= 46.98 Nm stom aj (At, Profene), EC nghpr, Baar (€.0) 9400 %a — Os17m A a : Ser 7 ‘P.Basjare (Asst, Professor), G.E.C.Jngdalpar, Bastar (C.G)}-494001 nm 4.24: SUPPORT, SUPPORT REACTION & TYPES OF SUPPORT ‘SUPPORT: It is a structure or an object, which restricts the free motion of another body. SUPPORT REACTION: Reactions are self adjusting frees developed by other bodies which are in contact with the body under consideration. port al R | support Reaction No Motion of the reaction is normal to the NOTE: Ifthe surface of contact is smooth (Le. ficionless), then die surface of contact. And its direction is always towards the body. es192m arr (At. Prin), Cp Bu (C0)-49401RT... ES OF SUPPO! 124: SUPPORT, SUPPORT REACTION & Ty? TYPES OF SUPPORT: There are 4 types of SUPPOTS. at the point of contact tothe 1. Frictioaless‘Simple Support: Reaction acts normal 477 R| sets the movement of the object normal 10 i restricts the i ‘Aand B. 2) RateerKaile edge Supper: Role ee eR aus normal tthe surface atthe pint of contact. the suri "So reactions normal w w | w | Le ok | A : - ¢ S A a A | 7 - sea 1 tae at Pst OE pip, bn (©6 4801 ” 2) Hinge/Pin Support: Hinge or pin restricts the motion in both horizontal and vertical direction. So horizontal 4 well as vertical reactions are applied. w w w Brea G Ray Rey Mae's rns SeeberE sco A ft eam AB is embeded fed in the concrete restricts the mation er Re ge Ain he oizontal and the vertical drctons. I also rests lke anne of about ‘eavaal and vertical rection t pint Aare accompanied by aeacson coogi t,o Cea bom he point A. So w w P Ber (Aut Prien GEC Jagr, Bomar (CG. jses EM\=0 ad Ry ax 0 A 1000 * (1+ 0.25)—Ryy* (1) =0 rr0 Ruy = 1250 Pat ine R, an. (0) ee Ray 1280 = 1000 say + Rgy 1000 a(t) Ray = 250N esos 1 een At Pn ti ate CON z NUMERICALS BASED ON TYPES OF SUPPORT Q:6) A force of support a c Solution: FBD Cis atthe centre ofthe beam AB, So AC=BC M50 000 sis? zene 5000 sin30® x (AC)~ Ray (AB)=0 Rx $000cos300- 0 Ryy* AC) = 2500» (AC) 8 Rc = 4330.13 Rey = 1290 Ry a oe Put ineqa. (1) | = gy 1250 = 2500 me Rat Ray ~5000 sin30°=0 nae Rwy Ry*Ray =2500 0) esioamat Bara (Ast Prfhene), GC.aplr,Basr (COHN+5000 sin30* ‘Net resuttant reaction at A i8 Bx R, Ry = VR + Rav? = aaa Ta + A250 ea Ra Ry = 4506.94N 000 sin30" Direction, Rag - 433013 eo8 tno = RE" saad Ryy= 1250 Ry = 4506.94N 0=73.90° ye (At Pt, GEC. aghr, Baie C0401 NUMERICALS BASED ON TYPES OF SUPPORT 1Q17) Acorner plate ABC is hinged toa xed support at Aand ress ona roller at C, Ia force of W = 1000 N is acting sishown in figure, Find the reactions at the supports. rh} toon Rx . Solution: FED tn =M,=0 Net resultant reaction at Ais Ry x 1000 « (30) Rex (40)=0 RyRy 0 tl Bata “0g = T80N 2, = (Ra Ra? eee Putin eqn. (1) R= a lined soe 4 = $750) + L000)? Se ral a R, = 1250N Ry = 750N 1030 Dasa (At Profit, GEC. apap, Baar (C.0)404001NUMERIC, ‘ALS BASED ON Typrs OF suprort 416) Determine ‘Nand located ns given figure ‘Meet at Aand located ag qg ‘ ‘P= S000N pete p Satin: FD Rw Rwy SE ema Tro Iso Rysc- $000 cos30°= 9 5000 sind? x (AC 500090" = sin30° x (AC) Ry (AB)= 0 Rox = 4330.13 yy (ZAC) = 2500» (AC) i 5 Ryy = 1250 Reg cee cao f Rey*ReyS000sina0¢=o ‘Rr 1250"2500 Ry Ray RiytRey 2500 gy Ta" SON " ‘P.Banjre (Ast. Professe), G.E.C. Jia, Basar (C.G)494008 ss NUMERICALS BASED ON GENERAL CASES OF FORCES IN A PLANE {Q.17) Determine the magoitude of the pull exerted on the nall Af horizontal force of 200 Nis Srplled to handle of a nail puller as shown in figure. Determine the magnitude oF te pull served on the nail A if horizontal force of 200 N is applied of a nail puller as shown in igure. Solution: FBD EM, =0 200 x (24) + R,c0s20° x (3)= 0 Ry = - 1702.68N stoamt Pore (Ast Profs). GEC. nda as (C. 404001