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    ST Optics

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    Mary Baby
    Optics deals with the behavior and properties of light. Reflection is when the path of light changes at a surface without changing the medium, following the laws of reflection. There are two main types of mirrors: concave and convex. Refraction is when light changes direction moving between media, following Snell's laws of refraction. Total internal reflection occurs when light moves from an optically denser medium to a rarer one at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to be reflected back into the denser medium.

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    ST Optics

    Uploaded by

    Mary Baby
    13 views2 pages
    Optics deals with the behavior and properties of light. Reflection is when the path of light changes at a surface without changing the medium, following the laws of reflection. There are two main types of mirrors: concave and convex. Refraction is when light changes direction moving between media, following Snell's laws of refraction. Total internal reflection occurs when light moves from an optically denser medium to a rarer one at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to be reflected back into the denser medium.

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    ST-Optics

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    Optics deals with the behavior and properties of light. Reflection is when the path of light changes at a surface without changing the medium, following the laws of reflection. There are two main types of mirrors: concave and convex. Refraction is when light changes direction moving between media, following Snell's laws of refraction. Total internal reflection occurs when light moves from an optically denser medium to a rarer one at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to be reflected back into the denser medium.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views2 pages

    ST Optics

    Uploaded by

    Mary Baby
    Optics deals with the behavior and properties of light. Reflection is when the path of light changes at a surface without changing the medium, following the laws of reflection. There are two main types of mirrors: concave and convex. Refraction is when light changes direction moving between media, following Snell's laws of refraction. Total internal reflection occurs when light moves from an optically denser medium to a rarer one at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to be reflected back into the denser medium.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    UPSC NOTES

    Optics

    Optics is the stream that deals with the behaviour and properties of light.

    Reflection

    It is a phenomenon of change in the path of light without any change in medium.

    Laws of Reflection

    1. The angle the incident ray makes with normal is equal to the angle that the reflected ray
    makes with normal.
    2. Incident ray, reflected ray and normal all lie in the same plane.

    Types of mirrors

    1. Concave mirror
    The reflecting surface is towards centre of sphere while outer surface is polished.

    Applications:
    a. These mirrors are used in opthalmoscope, which reflects light from retina of the eye of
    the patient.
    b. These are used in search lights
    c. These are used in mirrors that are used in saloons.
    2. Convex mirror
    The reflecting surface is away from the centre of the sphere.

    Applications
    a. Driver’s mirror uses this type of mirror. But the exact distance of the vehicles are not
    known.
    b. Used in safety viewers at dangerous corners.

    Refraction

    It is the phenomenon of bending of light when it moves from one medium to another. There are two
    scenarios possible here.

    a. When the light passes from optically rarer medium to optically denser medium, the light
    bends towards the normal.
    b. When the light passes from optically denser medium to optically rarer medium, it bends
    away from the normal.

    Laws of Refraction

    1. Incident ray, Refracted ray and the normal all are in the same plane.
    2. Sin(i)/Sin(r) is constant for 2 given media and this constant is called Refractive Index of
    second medium w.r.t the first medium.
    S&T- Optics
    Effect of Refraction

    1. Ponds appear shallower


    2. Bending of stick in water
    3. Apparent shortening of height of person standing in water.
    4. Twinkling of stars in sky.

    Critical Angle

    It is the angle of incidence in denser medium for which the angle of refraction in rarer medium is
    90deg.

    Total Internal Reflection

    This is a special case of refraction, where light from denser medium travelling to rarer medium is
    incident at an angle greater than critical angle such that the angle of refraction in rarer medium is
    90deg.

    Conditions for TIR to occur

    1. Denser to Rarer medium.


    2. Angle of incidence greater than critical angle.

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