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    Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

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    IIPRD
    When a plasma is contained by a variety of forces under the extreme circumstances required for thermonuclear fusion reactions, this is referred to as plasma confinement. These circumstances naturally exist in stars and are maintained there by gravity. Strong magnetic fields are used by scientists to confine plasma in a lab setting. Tokamaks and Stellarators are the widely used plasma confinement technique that are able to contain fusion-grade plasmas for an extended period of time.

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    Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

    Uploaded by

    IIPRD
    50 views12 pages
    When a plasma is contained by a variety of forces under the extreme circumstances required for thermonuclear fusion reactions, this is referred to as plasma confinement. These circumstances naturally exist in stars and are maintained there by gravity. Strong magnetic fields are used by scientists to confine plasma in a lab setting. Tokamaks and Stellarators are the widely used plasma confinement technique that are able to contain fusion-grade plasmas for an extended period of time.

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    When a plasma is contained by a variety of forces under the extreme circumstances required for thermonuclear fusion reactions, this is referred to as plasma confinement. These circumstances naturally exist in stars and are maintained there by gravity. Strong magnetic fields are used by scientists to confine plasma in a lab setting. Tokamaks and Stellarators are the widely used plasma confinement technique that are able to contain fusion-grade plasmas for an extended period of time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views12 pages

    Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors

    Uploaded by

    IIPRD
    When a plasma is contained by a variety of forces under the extreme circumstances required for thermonuclear fusion reactions, this is referred to as plasma confinement. These circumstances naturally exist in stars and are maintained there by gravity. Strong magnetic fields are used by scientists to confine plasma in a lab setting. Tokamaks and Stellarators are the widely used plasma confinement technique that are able to contain fusion-grade plasmas for an extended period of time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    THERMONUCLEAR

    FUSION REACTORS
    MAGNETIC PLASMA
    CONFINEMENT
    DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (USA)
    EXPLAINS...PLASMA CONFINEMENT
    Plasma confinement refers to the containment of a plasma by various forces at the extreme
    conditions necessary for thermonuclear fusion reactions. These conditions exist naturally in
    stars, where they are sustained by the force of gravity. In the laboratory, researchers use strong
    magnetic fields to confine plasma. This magnetic confinement strategy may allow them to
    confine fusion grade plasmas over the long term. Another confinement strategy relies on the
    inertia of imploding matter. This inertial confinement strategy has been demonstrated on Earth
    in hydrogen bomb detonations and specialized facilities. Inertial confinement is an active
    research area. Laboratories use high power lasers or electrical discharges, to compress
    hydrogen fuel to very high densities for billionths of a second.
    ABOUT TOKAMAKS

     In Fig A the electric field induced by a transformer drives a current (big red arrows) through the
    plasma column.
     This generates a poloidal magnetic field that bends the plasma current into a circle (green
    vertical circle).
     Bending the column into a circle prevents leakage and doing this inside a doughnut-shaped vessel
    creates a vacuum.
     The other magnetic field going around the length of the doughnut is referred to as toroidal
    (green horizontal circle).
     The combination of these two fields creates a three-dimensional curve, like a helix (shown in
    black), in which the plasma is highly confined
    TOKAMAKS MAGNETIC FUSION CONFINEMENT ( FIG A)
    Patenting Trend The earliest known patent in Tokamak segment dates to 1970s. Since
    then, each has witnessed a couple of patents. As of now more than
    Tokamak 380+ patents have been filed in this technology space.

    50
    45
    40
    35
    30
    25
    20
    15
    10
    5
    0
    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
    Publications Priority Applications
    Key Players in the Tokamak technology space

    TOSHIBA
    HITACHI
    ALPHA RING INTERNATIONAL
    US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
    TOKAMAK ENERGY
    KOREA BASIC SCIENCE INSTITUTE
    SOUTHWESTERN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS,…
    HEFEI INSTITUTES OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE

    0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
    About Stellarator

     Fig (B) A twisting the magnets can also produce the helical shape without the need for a
    transformer — this kind of configuration is called a stellarator.
     Despite the Tokamak’s current prevalence, it is still possible that stellarators could one day
    become the preferred option for a prospective fusion energy plant.
     About 60 tokamaks and 10 stellarators are currently operating.
    STELLARATOR MAGNETIC FUSION CONFINEMENT ( FIG B )
    Patenting Trend The earliest known patent in Tokamak segment dates to 1950s. As of
    now, close to 70 patents have been filed in this technology space.
    Stellarator
    10
    9
    8
    7
    6
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1
    0
    1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
    Publications Priority Applications
    Key Players in the Stellarator technology space
    GENERAL ATOMICS
    HEFEI INSTITUTES OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE
    ENERGY MATTER CONVERSION
    ISRAEL ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
    GA TECHNOLOGIES
    ZAKRYTOE AKTSIONERNOE OBSCHESTVO
    SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY
    US ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
    Origin Countries of patents related to Tokamak
    and Stellarator
    6

    47
    3 35 42
    114
    6 128
    31

    13
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