Ga Ing04 Ci Vi Unido

JOB INTERVIEW. Culture & People. http://localhost:51235/temp_print_dirs/eXeTempPrintDir_Py_Azn/ING05...
JOB INTERVIEW. Culture & People.
‘Siesta' work culture in Spain needs changing
Spaniards on the whole have long working hours - so why aren't they more
productive?
Tired of longer and longer days, two years ago the all-female workforce at
the Spanish division of luxury goods retailer Louis Vuitton decided to
stand up to their bosses by dictating new working hours. The day would
begin at 7am, and finish at 3pm; there would be one hour for lunch, and no
meetings in the afternoons. The head of human resources thought about it,
and agreed to give the idea a try. As a result, two years later, the 500 women
have increased their productivity by 20 percent, while absenteeism has fallen by a third. Most
importantly, they have achieved a balance between their work and family commitments that
is very uncommon in Spain.
The achievement of the Louis Vuitton workforce was cited repeatedly at a symposium held in
Madrid last week to address the widespread problem in Spain of overlong working days.
Around 100 experts took part in the event, many through video. And all agreed, from ministers and
priests, to academics, bank employees, footballers, cooks, executives, soldiers, and architects, that
Spaniards are poor time managers, and that the country's working day is, on average, two hours
longer than the rest of the European Union.
A few speakers mentioned the relationship between low productivity levels and what is often seen
abroad as the "Spanish siesta work ethic": people arrive late to work, are constantly nipping
out for a coffee, take long lunches, have a couple of beers and a snack after work with colleagues,
and too many business lunches and dinners.
Is such an approach acceptable any more? Or should Spaniards finish work at 5pm, like they do in
so many other countries?
Many speakers criticized what they called "chair-warmers" - employees who work late but who do
very little. Spain, along with Greece and Portugal, has the longest working hours, but is among the
EU's least productive nations.
Autoevaluación
Decide if the following are true or false.
The people who work at Louis Vuitton increased their productivity thanks to their new
working hours.
True.
False.
Excellent!
Try to read the text more carefully.
1 de 7 15/04/2021 02:08
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
The level of absenteeism at Louis Vuitton is still unacceptable.

True.
False.
Maybe you need to read the text again.
That's right!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Spaniards work many hours and are therefore more productive than workers in other
countries.
True.
False.
Are you sure?
Fantastic!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Spanish workers like spending time out of the office.
2 de 7 15/04/2021 02:08
True.
False.
That's correct.
That's not exact.
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
3 de 7 15/04/2021 02:08
1.- Stress at work.
Stress is a part of every student's daily life. There might be many factors involved, like
leaving home or commuting daily, managing finances, living with flatmates.
Stress at work is a major issue nowadays. Whether you work in an office, a factory, or
a school, you might be affected by stress. Some stress is good because it motivates us.
Too much stress can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being.
You should know

We are going to listen to a radio programme about stress at work.
Stress at work, known as burnout.
Job burnout is a special type of work-related stress, a state of physical or emotional exhaustion
that also involves a sense of reduced accomplishment and loss of personal identity.
Now you can read the programme script.
Stress at work script. (23.7 KB)
Think about it
Give your opinion in the forum:
Have you ever been stressed (at work, at school)?

Do you have any tips to reduce your stress levels?
Do you think the ideas in the text below are useful?
How to help reduce stress at work.
A step ahead
Did you know that there are many idioms connected with work? If you want to learn some
of them, visit the following website.
Work idioms.
4 de 7 15/04/2021 02:08
2.- 9 to 5.
Citas Para Pensar
"Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will
say, "She doesn't have what it takes." They will say, "Women don't have what it
takes."
Clare Boothe Luce
"9 to 5" is a song written and originally performed by Dolly Parton for the 1980
comedy film of the same title, starring Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin, and Parton in her
film debut. The song and film owe their titles to an organization founded in 1973
with the aim of eliminating discrimination in the workplace and improving
working conditions for women.
Think about it
Read part of the song "9 to 5" and give your opinion in the forum:
"Working nine to five
what a way to make living.
Barely getting by
it's all taking and no giving."
What does the above verse mean?

What do you think the song is about?
Now it's your turn

Now watch the video and read the lyrics.
5 de 7 15/04/2021 02:08
Dolly Parton - 9 To 5
Text summary
Song lyrics
A step ahead
You may want to visit the 9 to 5 Organization website.
9 to 5 National Association of Working Women.
6 de 7 15/04/2021 02:08
Appendix.- Licences of resources.

Licences of resources used in section "Culture and People".
Resource Resource
Resource information (1) Resource information (2)
(1) (2)
By: Brian Haberer. By: bottled_void.

License: CC by-nc-sa. License: CC by.
From: http://www.flickr.com/photos From: http://www.flickr.com/photos
/weirdo513/2653450115/ /22964099@N05/2204059683/
By: Adria Richards.

License: CC by-sa.
From: http://www.flickr.com/photos
/adriarichards/4484843843/
7 de 7 15/04/2021 02:08
JOB INTERVIEW. Communicative Activities. http://localhost:51237/temp_print_dirs/eXeTempPrintDir_2Hhc9T/ING05...
JOB INTERVIEW. Communicative Activities.
Caso práctico
It's late but Lourdes and Susana are still in the office. They have
had a very stressful week, but they seem happy with the progress
they are making.
Lourdes is really tired: "I didn't think that we were going to learn
that much, when we came here. Now we have a good CV written
in English and we know a lot about the recruitment process in a
big company."
Susana agrees with her: "That's right. You know, I used to think that I wasn't ready to look for a
job, but know I feel much more confident."
Lourdes is surprised: "Wow, that's great. You know, maybe, when we finish our traineeship we
could even apply for a job here in London!"
Susana looks at her friend and says: "That's exactly what I was thinking. Wouldn't that be
fantastic! Imagine... the two of us living and working here in London..."
"Well, that's a good plan for the future", begins Lourdes, "but I'm afraid we still have a lot to do
before we get there."
Susana has started packing up her things. "I guess you're right. It's getting late. Shall we go to
the café round the corner to have an iced coffee and a chocolate muffin? I'm starving!"
Think about it
What have you learned in this unit? Can you do the following things?
Talk about your job / your future job.

Write a CV.
Understand abbreviations in job ads.
Write a covering letter.
Answer job interview questions.
Mostrar retroalimentación
If you answered no to some of the questions above, it would be a good idea to revise the
unit before moving on to the final tasks.
1 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
1.- Reading exercise.

Let's read the following text to find out about some useful tips for a job interview.
Autoevaluación
Complete the text with the words below.
candidate, clarification, contact, expectations, handshake, mentioning, polite,

replies, thank, unexpected, whole.
Tips for a successful job interview

Tip No. 1: Be cheerful and when you greet your interviewer. You should be on your
feet, smiling and making eye . In many Western cultures, a short handshake is
appropriate at this time.

Tip No. 2: Be open to making small talk. Give standard to standard questions. For
example:
"How are you today?" -- "Fine, thank you. And you?"

"Did you have any trouble find us?" -- "No, not really."
This is one case where not telling the truth is completely acceptable. If you planned well
and you arrived on time, then any difficulties getting there are not worth . Don't
talk about getting lost or missing your bus. If you want to add a few words, you can say: "I enjoy
coming to this part of the city" or "your receptionist gave very good directions."

Tip No. 3: There will always be typical questions about your work experience, strengths,
weaknesses, goals and salary . But the interviewer may also throw in some
questions to get a better feel for who you are and how you'd fit in at the given
company. Even if the interview is in your own native language, it's possible for these more
creative questions to be unclear. Instead of guessing what the interviewer really wants to know,
you can ask for :
"So if I understand correctly, you're asking me…"

"Let me start by answering… But perhaps I'm not headed in the right direction. Did I
understand your question?"

Tip No. 4: Even if you possess many qualifications, you may begin to feel that you're not giving
the right answers or making the best impression, so one acceptable strategy is to get the
interviewer to talk a little. You should listen and try to get an idea about what the interviewer is
looking for in the ideal . Ask something like this:
"Can I ask how long you've been here? Have you enjoyed the experience?"
"I got a good impression as soon as I entered the office, but I have yet to really observe
everyone in action. How would you describe the work environment here?"
2 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41

Tip No. 5: Wait for the interviewer to end the meeting. When the interview is drawing to a close,
smile and the interviewer for his or her time. You can also express your pleasure over the
entire experience.
"Thank you for meeting with me today. I really enjoyed our conversation. Have a nice day."
A final is appropriate as you part ways. Please remember that your chance to
make a good impression doesn't end with "good-bye." You should send a thank-you note later
that day or on the very next morning.
Text adapted from http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?at_code=435195
Enviar
If you didn't get this right, try to read the text again more carefully.
3 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
2.- Listening exercise.

Listen to an expert discussing covering letters and then do the exercise below.
Autoevaluación
Decide if the following statements are true or false.
00:00 01:22
Script
A long letter creates a positive impression.

True.
False.
Not really. A good letter should be short.
Amazing!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
You have to include your full name and address.
True.
False.
Excellent!
Awesome!
4 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
It is essential to write your date of birth in the letter.
True.
False.
Not exactly. You can write your date of birth in you CV.
Great!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Mention your children as soon as you can. Having them shows maturity.
True.
False.
Do not include anything about your children or parents.
Well done!
Solución
5 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Education is more important than work experience.
True.
False.
Not unless you are applying directly from school.
Very good!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Use colours to make your letter more attractive.
True.
False.
Fantastic!
Amazing!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Don't mention hobbies at all.
True.
6 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
False.
You have to include your name and adress.
Awesome!
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
7 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
3.- Speaking exercise.
Answer the following questions:
Do you know anyone who...?
has applied or is applying for a job? What kind of job?

has been interviewed? How did it go?
does a lot of overtime? Why?
has a part-time job? What hours does he or she work?
has been promoted recently? What to?
has a permanent job?
gets stressed all the time? What does he/she do about it?
has just retired?
8 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
4.- Writing exercise.

Write ten Dos or Dont's to help people who are writing letters of application. The first ones
have been done for you.
Check for spelling and grammar mistakes.

Don't use initials for company names or qualifications.
9 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41

Licences of resources used in session 1. "Passport to London".
Resource Resource
(1) (2)
By: Victor1558.
By: Nate Steiner.
License: CC by
License: CC by
From: http://www.flickr.com
/76029035@N02/6829406809
/photos/nate/236619128/
/in/photostream/
By: Chessyfinger2k1.
By: Paul Stainthorp.
License: CC by-nc-sa
License: CC by-sa
/photos/cheesyfinger
/nate/236619128/
/3218817265/
10 de 10 18/02/2021 09:41
JOB INTERVIEW. Session 1.- Writing a CV. http://localhost:51237/temp_print_dirs/eXeTempPrintDir_mgUwXe/ING0...
JOB INTERVIEW. Session 1.- Writing a CV.
Caso práctico
Read the text and listen to the situation.
00:00 02:11
Script
Susana and Lourdes are starting to feel very pleased with all the
things they are learning in London. They are improving their
English and they are gradually getting used to working in a big
company.
Mr. Parker has some news for them: "Hello girls! How are you getting on with everything?
Very well, I suppose."
Lourdes struggles to hide a smile and thinks: "He answers his own questions!"
Mr. Parker continues: "We are going to hire new staff, because of the enormous amount
of work we have at the moment. I'd like you to take this opportunity to learn about the
recruitment process here, at British Corporation. First of all, candidates need to send us a CV
in order to apply for a position together with a covering letter. By the way, you know how
to write those documents in English, don't you?"
"Well, you see Mr. Parker, we kind of wrote a CV in English before we came here to London. But,
to be honest, it's not very good", replies Susana.
Mr. Parker sets the girls their first task of the day: "Well, then. That's your first task today: you
have to write a good CV in English. You might need it in the future if you want to apply for a job
here in the UK. Don't forget that you can ask me any questions you might have. I'll be back by
noon to see how you are doing. Excellent idea!"
"And now he congratulates himself on his own ideas. This man is unbelievable!", thinks Lourdes
while trying not to laugh.
Lourdes and Susana immediately set themselves to the task of finding information about
writing a good CV.
Lourdes seems to be very enthusiastic about their new project: "You know, Susana, this may
be a good opportunity for us. We are going to learn a lot about the recruitment process in a big
company and we are going to learn how to write the documents we need in order to apply for a
job in an English-speaking country. Imagine, one day we might even get a job in London.
Wouldn't that be fantastic?"
Susana, on the other hand, is not as excited as her friend: "If you say so...".
Think about it
Write in the forum:
Have you ever applied for a job?

Have you written your curriculum vitae?
1 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
What things do you think a good CV should include?

Do you think the layout is important?
2 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
1.- What to say.
Citas Para Pensar
"The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary."
Donald Kendall
Caso práctico
The girls start to surf the Internet and soon realize that there are
many websites in which different people give advice on how to
write a good CV.
Susana is not very happy with the task they've been given. "I'm
really tired of reading stuff about recruitment, CVs, cover letters...
Can't we have a break...please?"
"Yes, in a minute. Look, I think I found something useful. It's a list of dos and don'ts. Let's read it.
I think it will help us to write a good CV." Lourdes shows her friend the following list:
The Dos and Don'ts of CV writing.
Dos:
Proofread it: no grammar or spelling mistakes.
Ensure the CV looks professional.
Use relevant keywords.
Include all the relevant points.
Use positive language.
Don'ts:
Use jargon or slang.
Start each sentence in the first person.
Make it too long.
Get creative.
Include a photo.
"What do you think? Pretty useful, isn't it?"
Susana is already walking through the door. "Yes, sure! Hurry up, I want one of these delicious
muffins out of the vending machine."
Think about it
3 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
Which of the above-mentioned dos and don'ts do you find most useful?
Do you have any other recommendations?
4 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
1.1.- Writing a CV.
Let's learn how to write a good Curriculum Vitae.
A CV (or résumé in the USA) is a one or two page summary of your personal
details, education, skills, achievements, work experience and interests. The
purpose of your CV is to get an interview where you can sell yourself. A
successful CV should be simple, concise and easy to read. It should be written
with the prospective job in mind:
A CV should include:
PERSONAL DETAILS: name, address, telephone, email, date of birth, nationality...

EDUCATION/PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS: including dates and places.
WORK EXPERIENCE: including detailed data relevant to the job you are applying for.
LANGUAGES: specify your command of languages: level, certification, etc.
INTERESTS AND HOBBIES.
OTHER INFORMATION: any other information that has not been included before and can be relevant for
the job i.e.: driving licence, own car, computer skills...
REFERENCES/REFEREES: two people that know you professionally so that they can give reference
about your work when asked; you should provide as much information as possible about them (email,
telephone, work address, etc.), so that your future employer can contact them easily.
Remember: A CV is generally one side of A4, maximum two A4 pages.
Ejercicio Resuelto
Click to read the Spanish translation.
Un currículo es un resumen de una o dos páginas de tus datos personales, educación,

destrezas, logros, experiencia profesional e intereses. Su finalidad es conseguirte una
entrevista en la que te puedas vender. Para tener éxito debe ser sencillo, conciso y fácil
de leer. Hay que escribirlo con el puesto de trabajo que se solicita en mente.
Debe incluir:
DATOS PERSONALES: nombre, dirección, teléfono, correo electrónico, fecha de

nacimiento, nacionalidad...
EDUCACIÓN/TÍTULOS OBTENIDOS: Incluyendo fechas y lugares.
EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL: Incluyendo datos de interés para el trabajo que se
solicita.
IDIOMAS: Especificando niveles y títulos.
INTERESES Y HOBBIES.
OTRA INFORMACIÓN: Lo que no se ha incluido y puede ser de interés para el trabajo
(permiso de conducir, vehículo propio, manejo de ordenadores...).
REFERENCIAS: Dos personas que te conocen profesionalmente y si se le pregunta
pueden dar referencias sobre tu trabajo; hay que dar la mayor información posible
sobre ellos (correo electrónico, teléfono, dirección de trabajo...) para que puedan se
contactados sin dificultad.
Recuerda: por lo general un currículo consta de una cara de un A4 y un máximo de dos.
5 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
You can download a sample CV here. It might help you to write your own.
Sample CV. (121 KB)
You should know

For more information on writing CVs log on to the English Club site.
Writing CVs.
Visit also the BBC website for its page on getting a job.
Getting a job.
6 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
1.2 Now put it into practice.

Are you ready to test what you have learned about CVs? Let's see.
Autoevaluación
Try to match the headings with the ideas related.
Matching the basic elements of the CV.
Curriculum Vitae Match Ideas related to headings
Personal details 1. Advanced programming capability.
Education 2. Portuguese: Intermediate / Arabic: False Beginner.
Languages 3. Travelled round the world 1995 - 1996.
4. One year working experience as administrative

Other information
assistant.
Professional
5. Peter Jones, 25 years old, British.
experience
Hobbies and interests 6. A-levels: Geography (A), Maths (B), English (B).
Enviar
Autoevaluación
Watch this video and do the listening activity. Are the sentences true or false?
7 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
Help writing a CV, tips & advice for job seeker…
Text summary
Your CV should be no longer than two pages.

True.
False.
That's great!
Sorry! Try again.
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
Your CV should start with a long personal profile.

True.
False.
Listen carefully, your personal profile should be quite short.
Excellent!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
8 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
When giving details of your employment history start with the first job you had and finish
with your present job.
True.
False.
Not really. You should start with your present or most recent job and work backwards.
Fantastic!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
In the education section you should include every course you've done.
True.
False.
Sorry! You should only include other courses if they are relevant.
Well done!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
You should state that references are available if needed.

True.
False.
That's awesome!
Sorry! Try again.
Solución
9 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
10 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
2.- How to say it: Verb + ING or infinitive.
Think about it
Read the following sentences carefully. What is the difference between them?
The students don't mind going to class early.

The students want to go to class early today.
Some verbs are followed by an -ING form and others are followed by TO + infinitive. In
some cases, a verb can be followed either by -ING or TO + infinitive.
VERB + -ING.
Some verbs are followed by -ING.
I avoided talking to him.
These include: admit, deny, dislike, feel like, give up, mind, avoid, discuss, enjoy, finish, mention,
practise, suggest, take up, miss, understand, recommend.
Helpful tips
After a preposition, we usually use -ING.
I'm afraid of flying.
We can also use the -ING form as the subject of a sentence: Gardening is great fun!
VERB + TO + INFINITIVE.
Some verbs are followed by TO + infinitive.

James agreed to help me.
These include: advise, choose, help, afford, decide, hope, agree, expect, invite, learn, manage,
offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, teach, tell, want, would like.
VERB + INFINITIVE (WITHOUT TO).
Some verbs are usually followed by an object + bare infinitive (without to).
I let him take my book home for one night.
These include: let, make, help.
Help is followed by to + infitive or without to.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER -ING OR TO + INFINITIVE.
Some verbs can be followed by either -ING or the full infinitive.

I started liking / to like Sarah after she helped me with my problem.
With some verbs, the meaning is the same or nearly the same.
These include: begin, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, start.
With some verbs, the meaning changes.
These verbs include:
Remember:
Have a memory in your mind: Do you remember seeing that film?
Do something you are/were planning to: You must remember to lock the door.
Forget:
11 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
Not be able to remember a past event: I'll never forget meeting the President.
Not do something you are/were planning to do: Don't forget to invite Mary to the party!
Stop:
Stop an action: I stopped working for them because I started my own business.
Interrupt an action to do something else: It's difficult to concentrate if you have to stop to
answer the phone every five minutes.
Try:
Do something to try and solve a problem: If you have problems sleeping, you should try
doing yoga.
Make an effort to do something: I tried to say I'm sorry, but she wouldn't listen.
Ejercicio Resuelto
Click if you want to read the Spanish translation.
Algunos verbos van seguidos de la forma -ING
Detrás de una preposición también utilizamos -ING.

También utilizamos la forma -ING como el sujeto de una oración.
Otros verbos van seguidos de TO + infinitivo.

Otros verbos van seguidos del infinitivo sin TO.
Hay verbos que pueden ir seguidos tanto de la forma -ING como de TO + infinitivo.
En algunos casos el significado del verbo no cambia o lo hace muy poco.

En otros casos, el significado del verbo cambia según utilicemos una u otra forma.
12 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
2.1.- Now put it into practice.

Let's test some of the things that we have learned in this lesson. Are you ready?
Autoevaluación
Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
She denied ___________ the mobile phone, but no one believed her.
take
to take
taking
Not really.
Are you sure?
Excellent!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta
She hopes ___________ for an international accounting firm in the future.
work
To work
13 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
working
That's not correct.
Fantastic!
Not really.
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
3. Incorrecto
My parents have decided ___________ a party to celebrate their anniversary.
have
to have
having
Try again.
Brilliant!
Not exactly.
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
3. Incorrecto
Do you remember ___________ to school when you were about six?
14 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
go
to go
going
That's not correct.
Try again.
Awesome!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta
You can make the dog ___________ to you by shouting 'sit'.
sit
to sit
sitting
Incredible!
Not exactly.
Are you sure?
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
15 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
3. Incorrecto
There's no answer at home. Let's try ___________ the office.
call
to call
calling
Not really.
Try again.
Great!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta
Autoevaluación
Complete the sentences with -ING or TO + infinitive.
1. My uncle finally gave up (smoke) at the age of fifty.

2. I really enjoyed (listen) to those CDs you sent me.
3. How did you learn (speak) Chinese?
4. I enjoy (write) postcards.
5. The song made me (smile).
6. Do you mind (open) the door?
7. This is intolerable! I refuse (wait) a moment longer!
8. We managed (arrive) in time.
9. She'd like (fly) an aeroplane.
10. You should avoid (make) silly mistakes.
Enviar
1. My uncle finally gave up smoking at the age of fifty.

2. I really enjoyed listening to those CDs you sent me.
16 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
3. How did you learn to speak Chinese?

4. I enjoy writing postcards.
5. The song made me smile.
6. Do you mind opening the door?
7. This is intolerable! I refuse to wait a moment longer!
8. We managed to arrive in time.
9. She'd like to fly an aeroplane.
10. You should avoid making silly mistakes.
17 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
2.2.- Difficult vowel sounds (for speakers of English

as a foreign language).
English has sounds that are not found in other languages. Also, the sounds of
English are not always pronounced as they are spelled or shown in writing.
Speakers of English as a foreign language find it difficult to pronounce and
recognize some sounds because in connected speech sounds change and
blend with each other, consonants and syllables get lost or become almost
inaudible, and the pronunciation of a word changes depending on whether it is
stressed or not.
You should know

Let's take a closer look at some difficult vowel sounds of English. If you want to hear the words
we are going to talk about, check them out in this pronunciation dictionary.
Pronunciation dictionary.
/ɜː/ (girl): When pronouncing this sound, your lips, tongue and jaw should be in a relaxed position. These
are some examples of words where you can find this sound: shirt, were, burn, heard, bird.
Now try to pronounce the following sentences: The girl heard the bird. The nurse works on
Thursdays.
Common spellings: IR (bird), ER (her), UR (hurt), OR (work), EAR (heard).
/əʊ/ (phone): To pronounce this sound, your mouth has to be relaxed and then you have to move your
lips to a round shape. You have to move your tongue up. These are some examples of words where you
can find this sound: boat, coat, rose, throw, no, ago, sold, though, own, coast, both, most, owe.
Now try to pronounce the following sentences: I sold the boat not so long ago. Most roses grow
well along the coast.
Common spellings: O (most), O-E (rose), OE (toe), OA (coat), OW (own).
/eə/ (chair): To pronounce this sound, you need to open your mouth at first and then relax your lips. You
need to put the back of your tongue down a little and then relax it. Examples where you can find this
sound: share, wear, stairs, where, bear, care, fair.
Now try to pronounce the following sentences: She always wears fairly expensive hair accessories.
Common spellings: ARE (square), AIR (stairs), EAR (bear), ERE (where).
Schwa /ə/ (computer): This vowel is used in unstressed syllables. You need to relax your tongue and lips
if you want to pronounce this sound correctly. These are some examples of words where you can find this
sound:
Weak A: away, above, animal.

Weak E: waiter, paper, burden.
Weak O: actor, police, condition.
Weak U: until, support, future.
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: The actor had a cappuccino with sugar and an
apple.
In words like paper, actor, waiter, the final R is not pronounced in many accents.
18 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
A step ahead
Tongue twisters are a fun way to practise your pronunciation. If you want to listen to some
tongue twisters, visit the following websites.
Tongue twisters 1.
Tongue twisters 2.
19 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
3.- Words you need: Work vocabulary.
What do you do? This is the question we ask when we want to find out about
someone's job.
There are different ways in which you can answer this question:
Work vocabulary.
English Spanish
I work for a large European Trabajo para una gran empresa

company. europea.
I work on design projects. Trabajo en proyectos de diseño.
I run the design department. Dirijo el departamento de diseño.
Dirijo a un equipo de diseñadores /

I manage a team of designers.
diseñadoras.
5 people work under me. 5 personas están a mi cargo.
I deal with a lot of different people. Trato con muchas personas.
I'm responsible for co-ordination Soy responsable de la coordinación de

of the team's activities. las actividades del equipo.
I am unemployed. Estoy desempleado / desempleada.
I am looking for a job. Estoy buscando trabajo.
I applied for a job. Solicité un trabajo.
I had an interview. Tengo una entrevista.
I got the job. Conseguí el trabajo.
Full-time job. Trabajo a tiempo completo.
Part-time job. Trabajo a tiempo parcial.
I work full-time / part-time. Trabajo a tiempo completo / parcial.
Permanent job. Trabajo fijo.
Temporary job. Trabajo temporal.
Do overtime. Hacer horas extra.
Get promoted. Conseguir un ascenso.
One of my responsibilities is to make sure that projects are finished on time. I'm also in charge of
budgets.
In charge of / responsible for + NOUN or VERB + ING
Responsibility + TO + INFINITIVE or VERB + ING
One of my responsibilities is to make sure...
One of my responsibilities is making sure...
20 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
There are many expressions with the word "work". Let's see some examples:
Johanna works or has work.

Johanna goes to work (by train, by car).
Johanna leaves for work (at 7 every morning).
Johanna gets to / arrives at work (at about 8).
Johanna is at work (until six).
Luckily, she doesn't get ill very much so she's not often off work.
Autoevaluación
Complete the text with prepositions.
Alicia lives in London and works in advertising. She leaves home work at 7.30. She drives
work. The traffic is often bad and she's worried about getting work late, but she usually
arrives work at around nine. She finishes work quite late. "Luckily, I'm never ill", she says, "I
could never take time work."
Enviar
Easy, wasn't it?
21 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
3.1.- More work vocabulary.
Let's hear from different workers. They are going to tell us about their jobs:
Kevin: I'm an office worker in an insurance company. It's a nine-to-five

job with regular working hours. We all have to clock in / clock on and
clock out / clock off every day.
Thomas: I'm in computer programming. There is a system of flexitime in my

company, which means we can work when we want, within certain limits. It's
ideal for me as I have one young child.
Tania: I work in a factory. I work in shifts. I may be on the day shift one week and the night shift the next
week.
Martha: I work in an advertising agency. I commute to work every day, like thousands of other
commuters. I like going to the office and working with other people, but working from home using a
computer and the Internet is becoming more popular: it's called teleworking or telecommuting.
My work involves...
+ NOUN: human contact, long hours, team work...

+ ING: solving problems, travelling, dealing with customers...
Think about it
Write in the forum:
If you work...
What do you do? What are your responsibilities?

How do you get to work? What time do you leave home and arrive at work?
Could you do your job working from home? Would you like to?
If you don't work...
What kind of job would you like to do?

What routine would you like to have?
Would you like to work from home?
22 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17

Licences of resources used in session 1. "Writing a CV".
Resource
Resource (1) Resource information (1) Resource information (2)
(2)
By: ashish joy. By: Gangplank HQ .

License: CC by. License: CC by.
/myguitarzz/161457656/ /gangplankhq/5590727330/
By: Emilie Ogez. By: Brian Moore.

License: CC by-nc-sa. License: CC by-sa.
/eogez/2840345066/ /doctabu/501201904/
By: Thomas Hawk. By: Morgen Bell.

License: CC by-nc. License: CC by-nc.
/thomashawk/31564852/ /mrvelocipede/184566117/
By: jennifer yin. By: JD Lasica.

License: CC by-nc. License: CC by-nc.
/bittermelon/4867727428/ /jdlasica/85158464/
23 de 23 18/02/2021 10:17
JOB INTERVIEW. Session02.- Job ads. http://localhost:51237/temp_print_dirs/eXeTempPrintDir_rd5du9/ING05_...
JOB INTERVIEW. Session02.- Job ads.
Caso práctico
00:00 01:18
Script
Another day begins at British Corporation. Lourdes and Susana are at work very early because
they want to finish the CV they started writing the previous day.
-Lourdes: I think we need to revise what we did yesterday and

we'll be finished.
-Susana: That's fantastic, but didn't Mr Parker say that we need to

write a covering letter too? What exactly is that?
-Lourdes: A cover letter is a document that you usually send

with your CV.
-Susana: And what things do you need to include in a cover letter?
-Lourdes: Let me see. In this website it says that a cover letter " provides detailed information
on why you are qualified for the job you are applying for."
-Susana: Ok, so we need to say why we are the right people for the job.
-Lourdes: Yes, that's it! It continues: "Your cover letter may make the difference between getting
a job interview and having your CV ignored, so, it makes good sense to devote the necessary
time and effort to writing effective cover letters."
-Susana: Wow, so, it´s very important to get your covering letter right, isn't it?
-Lourdes: Yes, I should think so.
-Susana: Don't worry, I'm sure we'll write an impressive cover letter. Shall we start?
Think about it
Write in the forum:
What about you? Have you ever written a covering letter in English or in your own
language?
What things do you need to take into account when writing a formal letter?
Is it important to make a good first impression?
1 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
1.- What to say
Citas Para Pensar
“Never turn down a job because you think it's too small; you don't know where it can
lead”
Julia Morgan
Caso práctico
Lourdes has had a good idea: "I think we need to look for a job
ad first. Then we'll reply to that advert in order to make the
letter sound more real."
"That's fantastic, but where can we find a real job ad?", replies
Susana.
"Well", says Lourdes, "I think we might be lucky with this website.
Look at this one. It sounds like an interesting position:"
JOB AD
F.t. junior legal secretary – established city firm.
A great role to start your career as a legal secretary is now avail. Ideally, you will have
one year's office exp with a secretarial qualification. Additionally, you will have a
typing speed of 40 – 50 wpm. Good knowledge of Microsoft Word req'd. You will have
excellent communication skills and a positive attitude.
Susana looks puzzled: "Ok, I don't understand half of it. What do all these abbreviations
mean?"
"Hmmm", Lourdes seems to be thinking really hard. "I don't know, but we'll find out. Don't
worry".
Think about it
Can you help Lourdes and Susana? What do you think the abbreviations in the ad mean?
F.t.
Avail
Wpm
Req'd
2 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
F.t.: Full time.

Avail: Available.
Wpm: Words per minute.
Req'd: Required.
3 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
1.1.- Job ads.

What is the first thing people do when they are looking for a job? They usually take a look at the job
vacancies section of the newspaper or they surf the Internet in order to look for job ads. Did you know that
space in newspapers is expensive? Some of the most common terms used in job advertisements are
abbreviations, that is why some people find job ads rather confusing.
Abbreviations.
Abbreviations Meaning
Exp / Exp'd. Experience / Experienced.
P.a. Per annum (the whole year).
P.w. Per week.
P.h. Per hour.
CV. Curriculum vitae, also called Résumé.
Emp Agy. Employment advertised by an agency.
Ref. Reference.
Ccdl. Clear current driving licence.
Req'd. Required.
F.t. Full time.
P.t. Part time.
Avail. Available.
Pd. Train. Paid training.
Sal. Salary.
Info. Information.
Immed. Immediate or immediately.
a.m. / p.m. Day / night.
Mgr. Manager.
Wk. Week.
4 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
Abbreviations Meaning
Mo. Month.
Yr. Year.
Ejercicio Resuelto
If you need help with the language, click here to read the Spanish version.
Esta es un lista de las abreviaturas más comunes que aparecen en los anuncios de
trabajo. Su uso hace más difícil la comprensión de dichos anuncios.
Exp= experiencia / Exp'd= con experiencia.

P.a.= al año.
P.w.= a la semana.
P.h.= a la hora.
CV= Curriculum vitae.
Emp Agy= trabajo anunciado por una agencia.
Ref.= referencias.
Ccdl= permiso de conducir válido.
Req'd= se requiere.
F.t.= a tiempo completo.
P.t.= a tiempo parcial.
Avail= disponible.
Pd. Train= formación pagada.
Sal.= sueldo.
Info.= información.
Immed.= inmediato / inmediata / inmediatamente.
a.m. / p.m.= por la mañana / por la tarde.
Mgr= director o directora / gerente.
Wk= semana.
Mo=mes.
Yr= año
5 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21

Read the following job advertisements and do the exercises.
OPPORTUNITIES TO START NOW!
TOURISM INFORMATION OFFICER
Working with a young team of highly motivated people. The role involves general administration,
invoicing, liaising with clients. Candidates must have a strong copy typing speed and be
IT literate. Immed. start. 1 yr exp. req'd. Call Oxford Street now on 030 9384 6723.
SECRETARY
Excellent opportunities in temporary work. Mature, exp'd secretary req'd for holiday cover. $8.50
p.h. Flexible work schedule. Word, Excel, Copy Typing and Shorthand preferred. CV required.
For an application form and further info, please write quoting ref. ES/50/34 to Human Resources,
Civic Centre, Rainbow Road, Florida SW3 5TN.
RECEPTIONIST
Receptionist is required for Blue Chip firm in Maryland. Applicants should have strong
communication and interpersonal skills. F.t.- 38 hrs p.w. Exp. no essential. Training is provided.
Competitive salary. Call Peter. Target Employment, 15A Hill Street, Richmond, Surrey, TW5 2TF.
Phone: 020 6735 0100 Fax: 020 6735 8765.
Autoevaluación
What do the abbreviated phrases stand for?
TOURISM INFORMATION OFFICER

Immed.
Yr.
Exp. req'd.
SECRETARY
Exp'd.
Req'd.
CV.
Info.
Ref.
RECEPTIONIST
F.t.
Hrs.
P.w.
Exp.
6 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
Enviar
Easy, wasn't it?
Autoevaluación
Match the correct word from the list below to each of the sentences from a job ad.
Matching exercise
Sentences Match Words
Must have excellent communication _______. 1. Able.
Must be available to work _______, holidays, and overtime. 2. Dependable.
Must be flexible, _______, trustworthy. 3. Experience.
Must have a positive attitude, and work well _______. 4. Motivate.
Must be _______ to speak English and German. 5. Prepared.
Must be able to _______ young people. 6. Skills.
Must be _______ to travel. 7. Unsupervised.
Must be enthusiastic and have work _______. 8. Weekends.
Enviar
7 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
1.3.- Writing a covering letter.

Once you find a job you're interested in, you need to submit your CV to the
company in question. The letter of application you send with your CV is
sometimes called a covering letter. It is usually the first direct contact between a
candidate and an employer, so make sure it is well-written and presented. It
should normally contain 3-4 paragraphs.
Here is a list of points you should include:
Say that you would like to apply.

Say where you found out about the job.
Say why you would like the job.
Say why you are qualified to do the job. Include both objective (education, work experience) and
subjective (what you think about yourself) information.
Say you can provide more information if necessary.
Say when you would be available for interview.
Remember to:
Address your covering letter to a specific person.

Customize your covering letter to the position you are applying to.
State the elements of your background that are relevant to the position.
Provide any information specifically requested.
Market yourself.
Keep the tone and content professional.
Be clear, concise, and focused.
Proofread your letter.
Useful language:
If you do not know the person's name start with Dear Sir/ Madam and finish with Yours faithfully.
If you know the person's surname Dear Mr/Ms/ Mrs López and finish with Yours sincerely.
Layout/style:
Put your address in the top right-hand corner with the date underneath.
Put the name and address of the person you are writing to on the left.
Don't use contractions.
Write your full name under your signature.
Put I look forward to hearing from you if you would like a reply.
Ejercicio Resuelto
La carta de solicitud que envías con el currículum es normalmente el primer contacto

directo entre un candidato y un contratador, así que tiene que estar bien escrita y
presentada. Debería contener entre tres y cuatro párrafos.
Debes incluir los siguientes puntos:
Que escribes para solicitar el trabajo.

Dónde supiste de la oferta.
Por qué te gustaría obtener el trabajo.
8 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
Tus méritos para dicho trabajo, tanto los objetivos (educación, experiencia
profesional), como los subjetivos (lo que tu piensas sobre ti mismo).
Que puedes añadir cualquier información necesaria.
Cuándo puedes acudir a una entrevista.
Recuerda:
Dirigir la carta a una persona específica.

Adaptarla al trabajo que se solicita.
Incluir los elementos de tu biografía relacionados con el puesto.
Dar cualquier información que se haya pedido específicamente.
Venderte a ti mismo.
Mantener profesionales el tono y el contenido.
Escribir de manera clara, concisa. Ve al grano.
Revisar tu carta.
Expresiones útiles:
Si no conoces el nombre de la persona a la que estás escribiendo, comienza con Dear

Sir/ Madam y termina con Yours faithfully.
Si conoces el apellido de la persona, comienza con Dear Mr/Ms/ Mrs López y termina
con Yours sincerely.
Formato/estilo:
Pon tu dirección en la esquina superior derecha, con la fecha debajo.

Coloca el nombre y dirección de la persona a la que escribes a la izquierda.
No utilices contracciones.
Escribe tu nombre completo bajo la firma.
Si quieres recibir respuesta, utiliza la expresión I look forward to hearing from you.
A step ahead
There are many web pages devoted to CVs and covering letters. Here you have a few good ones:
CV: Tips.
About.com: CV.
Businessballs: CV.
9 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
Autoevaluación
Put the sentences in the right order by numbering the sentences 1 – 6.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I look forward to hearing from you.
I am enclosing a copy of my curriculum vitae in which you will find details of my qualifications
and experience.
My contact numbers are: 01456879 and mobile: 079865383.
I am writing in response to your advertisement for a Personal Assistant to the Manager of the
Marketing Department of the in yesterday's newspaper.
I will be available for interview at any time convenient to you.
As you will see, I have had five years' experience in a similar business environment and have a
Master's Degree from the London University.
Yours faithfully,
Susana Green
Enc.
Enviar
A step ahead
A few more websites to help you write your CV or covering letter.
Cover letter
10 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
2.- How to say it: Countable and uncountable

nouns.
Think about it
Read the following sentences carefully. What is the difference between them?
I would like an orange.

I have some money.
In the first case, we are talking about something that we can count "one orange", so
we say "I would like an orange" (NOT "I want orange").
In the second, we are talking about something that is uncountable, therefore we say "I
have some money" (NOT "I have a money").
It is very important you understand the difference between countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns refer to things we can count and therefore, they can take the plural form and can go
with a number before them.
3 boys, 6 tables, 2 jobs.
There are a few plural quantifiers which are only used with countable, plural nouns.
Many students, few minutes, a few friends, several books.
Uncountable nouns refer to things we cannot count, so they cannot take the plural form.
Music, wine, time, information, advice, water.
Only a few singular quantifiers can go with the uncountable nouns.
Little money, a little time, much water.
Note that while some nouns are countable in other languages, they are usually uncountable in English.
Furniture, news, accommodation, advice, luggage, trouble, work, toast.
Therefore, these nouns cannot be used in the plural form in English, but they need a determiner before
them to be used in plural.
They gave me two pieces of advice.
I have bought three new pieces of furniture for my living room.
We have also to notice that some nouns can be either countable or uncountable, depending on the
context in which they are used.
I went to the supermarket to buy two cheeses. / Can I have some cheese, please?
I bought some coffee from El Salvador last week. / Can I have two black coffees, please?
They grow very good wines in the south of Spain. / I would like some red wine, please.
Ejercicio Resuelto
11 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
Los nombres contables se refieren a cosas que podemos contar, pueden tomar la
forma plural y pueden ir con numerales delante de ellos.
Hay unos cuantos cuantificadores que sólo pueden ir con nombres contables.
Los nombres incontables se refieren a cosas que no podemos contar, así que no
pueden tomar la forma del plural.
Hay unos cuantos cuantificadores que sólo pueden ir con nombres incontables.
Fíjate que mientras que algunos nombres son contables en otros idiomas,
normalmente son incontables en inglés. Por lo tanto, estos nombres no se pueden
usar en plural en inglés, sino que necesitan un determinante o partitivo delante de
ellos.
También tenemos que saber que algunos nombres pueden ser contables o
incontables, en función del contexto en que se usen.
A step ahead
This is a good site to read about countable and uncountable nouns.
Quantifiers.
12 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
2.1.- Quantifiers 1.
Do you know the difference between few, a few, little, many or much? We are
going to study some determiners or quantifiers now.
The most common English quantifiers are:
Much, many.
A lot of, lots of, plenty of.
Little, few, a little, a few.
Some, any, no, none (of).
All, every, the whole, enough, several.
Some pronouns which are derived from the determiners above are:
Something, somebody / someone, somewhere.

Anything, anybody / anyone, anywhere.
Nothing, nobody / no one, nowhere.
Everything everyone / everybody everywhere.
Let's take a look at some of these quantifiers in more detail.
Lots of, a lot of, plenty of: They are used with countable or uncountable nouns and are normally used in
affirmative sentences. They mean: muchos / muchas in the plural or mucho / mucha in the singular form.
A lot of / Lots of students / books / ideas.
A lot of / Plenty of / lots of sugar / water / information.
She has got a lot of brothers. There are plenty of students here.
Many is used with countable nouns and much is used with uncountable nouns. They are normally used
in questions or negative sentences. Many: muchos / muchas. Much: mucho / mucha.
She hasn't got many problems / children. There aren't many students here.
We haven't got much information / water / time / money.
Little and few imply negative ideas. Little means not much, poco / poca and it is used with uncountable
nouns. Few means not many, pocos / pocas and it is used with countable nouns.
There is little time, hurry up! She is quite poor, she has got little money.
There are few people in the street because it is really cold now.
A little and a few are more positive ideas. A little means some, un poco / una poca and it is used with
uncountable nouns. A few also means some, unos pocos / unas pocas and it is used with countable
nouns.
Don't worry, we have a little time. (This means they have some time.)
I have got a few friends in Seville to visit next weekend. (This means I have some friends.)
Ejercicio Resuelto
¿Sabes la diferencia entre few, a few, little, many, o much? Vamos a estudiar algunos
cuantificadores ahora.
Los cuantificadores más comunes son: Much, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, little,
13 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
few, a little, a few, some, any, no, none (of), all, every, the whole, enough, several.
Algunos pronombres que se derivan de los cuantificadores de arriba son: Something,
somebody / someone, somewhere, anything, anybody / anyone, anywhere,
nobody / no one, nothing, nowhere, everything, everyone / everybody,
everywhere.
Veamos algunos de estos cuantificadores en detalle:
Lots of, a lot of, plenty of: Se usan con nombres contables e incontables en
frases afirmativas. Significan muchos/as en plural o mucho / mucha en singular.
Many se usa con nombres contables y much con nombres incontables.
Normalmente se usan con frases negativas o interrogativas. Many: muchos /
muchas. Much: mucho / mucha.
Little y few son ideas negativas. Little significa no mucho / no mucha, poco /
poca, y se usa con nombres incontables. Few significa no muchos / no muchas,
pocos / pocas y se usa con nombres contables.
A little and a few son ideas positivas. A little significa algo, un poco / una poca,
y se usa con nombres incontables. A few significa varios / varias, unos pocos /
unas pocas y se usa con nombres contables.
14 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
2.2.- Quantifiers 2.
Some is usually used in positive sentences before uncountable or plural

countable nouns. It means un poco de / with uncountable nouns and algunos /
algunas with countable nouns.
I bought some wine yesterday. (Un poco de vino.)
We read some English books every year. (Algunos, varios libros.)
Any is usually used in negative or interrogative sentences before uncountable or

plural countable nouns. It means nada, ningún / ninguna in the negative form or
algo de, algún / alguna in the interrogative form. Sometimes it is not translated.
I haven't got any time. Is there any water?

There aren't any people. Have you got any children?
Note: Some is used in interrogative sentences when we expect the answer "yes" or when we offer
something.
Can I have some cake? Would you like some tea?
Any is used in the affirmative form:
When it means cualquier / cualquiera.

I can do sport any day of the week.
In conditional sentences.
If you have any questions,...
Ejercicio Resuelto
Some se usa en frases afirmativas delante de nombres incontables (algo de) o de

nombres contables en plural (algunos/as).
Any se usa en frases negativas e interrogativas delante de nombres incontables o de
nombres contables en plural. Significa nada, ningún en la forma negativa o algo de, algún
en la forma interrogativa o incluso no se traduce.
Nota: Some se usa en forma afirmativa cuando esperamos respuesta afirmativa o cuando
estamos ofreciendo algo.
Any se usa en forma afirmativa cuando:
Significa cualquier/a.
En frases condicionales.
15 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
2.3.- Revision of quantifiers.
A piece of advice
Why don't we revise some of the main grammar points we've seen in this unit? Take a look at the
following presentation. You might find it interesting.
Revision of quantifiers (Appendix I).
16 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
2.4.- Now put it into practice (I).

Let's do a few exercises about the things we've learned, shall we?
Autoevaluación
Classify these nouns. Are they countable, uncountable or both?
Matching exercise.
Nouns Match Characteristic
Sandwich. 1. Countable.
Song. 2. Uncountable.
Furniture. 3. Both.
Beer.
Food.
Tea.
Money.
Water.
Coin.
Music.
Enviar
Countable nouns refer to things we can count.

Uncountable nouns refer to things we cannot count.
Some nouns can be either countable or uncountable, depending on the context in
which they are used.
Autoevaluación
Complete the sentences with a/an, some or any.
17 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
1. Are there mirrors in your room?

2. She doesn't want glass of wine.
3. Could I have salt, please?
4. Are there tables free?
5. We've got orange juice, but we do not have tomato juice.
6. There aren't cookies left. I'm sorry.
7. Could I have clean knife, please?
8. Can I have fried egg and bacon for breakfast?
9. I have bought new furniture this week.
10. The secretary didn't have pens.
Enviar
Easy, wasn't it?
18 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
2.4.1.- Now you put it into practice (II).
Autoevaluación
Rephrase the following sentences using little, a little, few or a few.
1. I knew I didn't have much time to spare. → I knew I had

time to spare
2. There were some people in the queue in front of me. → There were
people in the queue in front of me.
3. There are some good restaurants in Almeria. → There are
good restaurants in Almeria.
4. There hasn't been much rain lately. → There has been rain
lately.
5. There was some rain yesterday. → There was rain
yesterday.
6. Here's some money for you. → Here's money for you.
7. I haven't got much talent for music. → I have got talent for music.
8. When I travel, I always take some books with me. → When I travel, I always take
books with me.
9. There are not many books I enjoy reading more than once. → There are books I enjoy
reading more than once.
10. There aren't many people I really trust. → There are people I really trust.
Enviar
A step ahead
If you want to do more exercises, try the following websites:
Exercises: much, many, some, any.
Exercise: a few, few, a little, little.
Theory and exercises: a few, few, a little, little.
Autoevaluación
Complete the sentences using one of the quantifiers below.
little - a little - few - a few - much - many - a lot of
1. After the match, we were all really thirsty and drank water.
2. Only people went to the party; There were not things to see there.
3. Very students pass all the exams in June; as they are rather difficult, it is nearly
impossible.
19 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
4. We have got work to do these days before the exhibition because we are
expecting people, nearly 15,000.
5. He takes very care of his computer. It really needs cleaning.
6. Have you got money in your pocket now? Only coins and one 10-Euro note.
Enviar
Easy, don't you think?
20 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
3.- Words you need: Formal letters.
As we saw in Unit 3, there are different types of letters. Now we are going to
concentrate on covering letters.
Covering letters, cover letters or letters of application are formal letters. Some of
the most frequently used expressions you may need when writing a formal letter
are:
Opening sentences:
I saw your advertisement in ....

I have seen / read your advertisement in ....
I am writing about the advert in ....
I would like to apply for the vacancy advertised in ...
Please consider my application for the post of ... advertised in ...
Body sentences:
As you can see from my curriculum, ...

I studied...
I have been working as a ... for ....
I like ... (travelling, working with people, using computers, ...)
Please find enclosed CV and recent photograph.
Closing sentences:
I hope you will grant me an interview.

I hope you consider me for an interview.
I look forward to an interview.
I would be available for an interview at any time.
I can supply you with the name of 3 references.
Please contact me if you need any further details.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
In a formal letter, you should include:
Addresses:
1. Your address: it should be written in the top right-hand corner of the letter.
2. The address of the person you are writing to: it should be written on the left, starting below
your address.
Date:
You can write the date on the right below the address you are writing to.
Formal emails and letters have the same basic structure. However, there are some differences that
you have to be aware of:
In a letter, you enclose documents. In an email, you attach documents.

An email already includes the sending date and your contact details, so you do not need to
write any addresses or the date.
For less formal emails, you can begin with ‘Dear Fred', or even ‘Hi Fred' for a colleague.
21 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
3.1.- Tips for writing a covering letter.

Let's take a look at the following tips to write a good covering letter.
1.- Be brief and to the point. Most of the time a cover letter for a job
application only has to state that you are applying for a position and that
the application and supporting materials are enclosed. That's it.
2.- Make no mistake about it. Absolutely no errors. Your cover letter must
be perfection itself. A typing error, a poor printing job, a misspelling -
mistakes will make a poor impression because they imply that you don't
care.
3.- Avoid fancy fonts and colours. You are not creating a flyer or a poster. So use a business font such
as Arial. No colours. Black on white reproduces easily. Use a plain white paper.
4.- Keep it short. Your cover letter should be one page in length and perfectly centered. The cover letter
and résumé are never folded. They are placed in an envelope large enough to accommodate them
unfolded.
Text adapted from https://www.thoughtco.com/private-school-for-parents-and-educators-4132513
Autoevaluación
Find words or expressions in the text above which are similar in meaning to:
1. Using very few words.

2. A mistake in a printed document.
3. With decorations, complicated.
4. An announcement printed on a piece of paper that is given to people.
5. Open, extended.
Enviar
If you didn't get this exercise right, perhaps you should read the text again.
Think about it
Give your opinion in the forum.
What do you think about the tips above? What advice would you give someone on how to write a
covering letter?
22 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
3.2.- Titles and abbreviations.

A title is a word or phrase that refers to a person's place in society or in a profession.
We normally use the abbreviations instead of the full word.
Mr is the abbreviation for Mister. It is used before a man's name. The plural form
is Messrs. Mr is used sometimes before the position a person holds.
Yes, Mr President / Chairman.
Mrs is the abbreviation for Mistress. It is used before a married woman's name
and it is pronounced /misiz/.
Mrs Blanco is receiving visitors.
Ms is written before a woman's name, but we do not specify if she is married or
not. It is pronounced as /miz/.
I sent an e-mail to Ms Swam yesterday.
Miss is used before the name of a woman who is not married or who is not using her husband's
surname. It is also used for girls. It is pronounced /mis/. In some schools, students call "Miss" their
women teachers.
Good evening, Miss Haynes.
I love Miss White´s lessons.
You use all the above titles in spoken or written form to refer to people in a polite way or when you do not
know them well.
Sir is the title used when we don't know the name of a man. Note that it is used alone. It is used in
commercial and official letters. The plural form is "Sirs or Gentlemen". Sir is also used in schools by
students to refer to their male teacher, by shop assistants and waiters.
Dear Sir: (American style) Dear Sir, (British) - salutation in letters.
What would you like to drink, sir?
Madam is used to refer to a woman when we don't know her name. It is used as a salutation in official
and business letters. In speech, it is used by shop assistants and waiters.
Dear Madam,...
Can I help you, madam?
Dr. is the title for Doctor and Prof. is the title for Professor.
Autoevaluación
Insert the correct title before people's names in the following text.
My boss, Freeman, has two partners: Peter Stimpson and his wife Jackie
Stimpson. My boss's daughter, Linda Freeman, is 19 and sometimes works as a temp
in our company. His son works in the local hospital as a doctor; everybody calls him
Freeman. My boss's wife, Freeman, is also an important businesswoman in town, she owns
a huge insurance company. Her employees call her Billings, because nobody knows her
marital status and she wants to keep her father's surname.
Enviar
Easy, wasn't it?
23 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
3.3.- Dates.
When we write a formal letter, we have to write the date on the right, under the
address of the person we are writing to. How do we write it, though?
BRITISH STYLE: Day + Month + Year.

9 August 1976 / 9th August 1976
The British write the day followed by the month and then the year. They use both
the cardinal and the ordinal number for the day.
AMERICAN STYLE: Month + Day + Year.

August 9th, 1976
The Americans write the month first and then the day. They put a comma between the day (using the ordinal
number) and the year. This can be more confusing when filling forms because dates are written as series of
numbers.
British style: 9.8.1976 9/8/1976 9 Aug, 1976 (Day + Month + Year.)

American style: 8.9.1976 8/9/1976 Aug. 9th, 1976 (Month + Day + Year.)
PRONUNCIATION
Dates can be written in different ways, but they share the same pronunciation. We always say "the" before the
day. Americans sometimes pronounce it "August nine".
August the ninth / the ninth of August.
The day of the week is usually mentioned before the date itself.
What date is today? It's Friday the ninth of August / It's Friday August the ninth.
The year is usually mentioned after the day and month.
I was born on the ninth of August, nineteen seventy six.
ON
In British English you say that something happens on a particular day.
I got married on Sunday 4th September.
Americans sometimes leave out "on".
I got married Sunday September 4th.
The 19...'s
When you refer to the 1960's -sixties- , you are referring to the years between 1960 and 1969. You can also
specify by saying the early 80's (eighties: 1980-85) or the late 70's (seventies: 1975-79)
Now it´s your turn.

Two interesting websites with exercises to practise dates in written and spoken English:
Dates in spoken English.
Dates in written English.
24 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
Appendix I.- Revision of quantifiers.

Countable and uncountable nouns / Quantifiers.
Countable / Uncountable nouns
Countable nouns: things you can count. They can be singular or plural: one orange, three oranges…
Uncountable nouns: things you can’t count. Uncountable nouns can’t be plural: butter, sugar…
Many nouns are sometimes countable and sometimes uncountable. For example: a cake, some cake,
a piece of cake or some cake.
Quantifiers
Quantifiers for countable nouns: Many / (a) few.

Quantifiers for uncountable nouns: Much, less, (a) little.
Quantifiers for both countable and uncountable nouns: A lot of, some, plenty.
Little / Few
Little and few imply negative ideas.

Little means not much and it is used with uncountable nouns.
Few means not many and it is used with countable nouns.
There is little time, hurry up!
They are quite poor, they have got little money.
There are few people in the street because everybody is watching the football match.
A little / A few
A little and a few are more positive ideas.

A little means some and it is used with uncountable nouns.
A few also means some and it is used with countable nouns.
Don't worry, we have a little time. (This means they have some time.)
I have got a few friends in Seville to visit next weekend. (This means I have some friends.)
25 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21

Licenses of resources used in session 2. "Job ads".
Resource Resource
(1) (2)
By: Ministerio de educación.

License: CC by.
From: Obra derivada de la imagen con
credenciales:
By: David Weinberger.
License: CC by-nc-sa.
From: http://www.flickr.com By: .Sergio m mahugo
/photos/dweinberger/563919/ License: CC by.
/photos/eogez/2840345066/
By: Steven Damron. By: DaveBleasdale.

From: http://www.flickr.com From: http://www.flickr.com/photos
/photos/sadsnaps/3676812422/ /sidelong/2469153152/
By: ambimb.
By: Ian Wilson.
License: CC by.
/photos/a
/foolstopzanet/151936713/
mbimb/4375668645/
By: Rene Jakobson. By: themiddlemound.

License: CC by-nc-sa 2.0. License: CC by-nc-sa.
/photos/renej/442171804/ /themiddlemound/2150504660/
By: Gyrus. By: saxarocks.

License: CC by-nc-sa. License: CC by-nc-sa.
/photos/gyrus/132436475/ /saxarocks/3502603724/
By: Alan Cleaver. By: Cliff Johnson.

License: CC by. License: CC by-nc.
/photos/alancleaver/4320245924/ /disneyspeak/3444081205/
By: Ministerio de educación.

License: CC by.
From: Obra derivada de la imagen con
By: LittleMissPip. credenciales:
License: CC by.
/photos/pcb85/4258475681/ By: .Sergio m mahugo
License: CC by.
/photos/eogez/2840345066/
26 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
27 de 27 18/02/2021 10:21
JOB INTERVIEW. Session 3.- Recruitment process. http://localhost:51235/temp_print_dirs/eXeTempPrintDir_ORctKR/I...
JOB INTERVIEW. Session 3.- Recruitment

process.
Caso práctico
00:00 01:09
Script

Mr Parker comes to check on the girls. They seem to be very immersed in the
documents they are writing.
Mr Parker: Hi girls. How is it going? Have you written your CV and letter of
application?
Lourdes: Yes, Mr Parker. We'll send them to you as soon as we have them
ready and you can give us your opinion about them.
Mr Parker: Yes, an excellent idea. Now, the candidates for the job I told you
about are coming to be interviewed. I would like you to meet the recruitment
team so that they can explain to you how everything works. Isn't this an
exciting opportunity for you?
Susana : Yes, Mr Parker. It sounds really interesting.
Mr Parker: And you can ask them any questions you might have. So, I'm going
to leave you alone for a few minutes and you can start preparing your interview.
You are going to interview the interviewers... Wonderful!
Lourdes and Susana start to think about the questions they would like to ask
the interviewers.
Lourdes: So, let's see. What would you like to know, Susana?
Susana: I think we should make a list of questions for the interviewers. I hope
1 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
they don't want to ask me anything. I'm not ready for this.
Lourdes: Relax, Susana, you are not the one who is going to be interviewed.
Think about it
If you work...
What kind of people does your company look for?

Have you ever been interviewed? If so, how did it go? What questions
were you asked?
If you don't work...
Does your educational institution prepare people for job interviews?

What kind of questions do you think are the most common in a job
interview?
2 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
1.- What to say.
Citas Para Pensar
"Find something you love to do and you'll never have to work a day
in your life."
Harvey MacKay.
Caso práctico
Mr Parker: Right, girls, this is Mrs Greene. She's

the one in charge of recruitment here in British
Corporation. I'm sure you have a lot of things to
ask, but first, I think she has a few things to tell
you too.
Mrs Greene: Hi girls! I would like to start by

giving you some advice on job interviews. Afterwards, you can ask me
questions, if you want.
The most important tip I can give you is: be prepared. It will help you release
some of the stress involved in job interviews. You can practice your answers to
the typical job interview questions most employers ask. It's very useful to think
of examples you can use to describe your skills.
Make sure you are dressed accordingly. Your clothes need to be neat and
tidy. You can bring a nice portfolio with copies of your CV.
Now, this is very important: be on time for the interview. On time means five to
ten minutes early. You can't imagine how many people turn up late for the
interview and, honestly, it doesn't help them to make a very good first
impression.
During the job interview try to relax and stay as calm as possible. Maintain eye
contact with the interviewer. Listen to the entire question before you answer
and pay attention: it is very embarrassing when candidates forget the question!
Lourdes: Wow! Thanks, Mrs Greene. I think this is very interesting advice.
3 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Susana: I couldn't agree more.

Text adapted from http://jobsearch.about.com/cs/interviews/a/jobinterviewtip.htm
Think about it
Write in the forum:
Do you think Mrs Greene's advice is useful?

Can you think of other interesting tips?
4 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
1.1.- Successful job interviews.
What do you think is the key to a successful job interview?

Can you think of any interesting pieces of advice tu succeed at
job interviews? Let's read a text about this interesting topic
and then do the exercise.
Breaking the ice.
During the first few minutes of the interview, job interviewers will 'break the ice' to help you
feel comfortable. They will ask you about the weather or how you arrived to the job interview.
'Breaking the ice' is an important way to begin the job interview, but it shouldn't take too
long. Make sure to give positive, but not too detailed answers to these 'ice breakers'.
Give short, positive answers to questions.

Don't go into too much detail.
It's a good idea to make a pleasant comment yourself to break the ice. Keep it short,
positive and simple.
Third person.
Sometimes, you may have found about a job opportunity through a third person. If this is the
case, make sure to use the name of this person to your best advantage by mentioning it at
the beginning of the interview.
Mention the name of the third person at the beginning of the interview. Ideally, this
should be done when asked about how you found the job opening.
Provide the name of the third person. Don't go into too much detail about the
relationship, unless asked.
Give the name of the third person only once. Don't continue to repeat the name during
the interview.
Don't assume the job interviewer knows the person you are mentioning.
Language.
Talking about your job experience and how it relates to the specific job for which you are
applying are the two most important tasks during any job interview. Make sure to use lots of
descriptive verbs and adjectives to describe your responsibilities. For example, instead of the
following job description: I talked to customers about their problems. A more descriptive
sentence with better vocabulary might be: I counseled customers documenting their
concerns, and coordinating our response to their individual needs.
Take some time to prepare descriptive sentences concerning your responsibilities.

Make sure to connect your past experience to the position.
Text adapted from http://esl.about.com/od/jobinterviewing/a/Job-Interviewing-Listening-Comprehension.htm
5 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Autoevaluación
Match the statements below to the paragraph where they are mentioned.
Matching exercise.
Statements. Match. Paragraph.
Prepare descriptive sentences. 1.- Breaking the ice.
Mention it at the beginning of the interview. 2.- Third person.
Keep it short. 3.- Language.
Mention it only once.
Prepare to talk about your experience.
Make a nice comment yourself.
Enviar
If you aren't sure about some of the answers, read the text again very
carefully.
6 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
2.- How to say it: Articles.
Think about it
Read the following sentences carefully. Are they
correct? Is there a difference between them?
I like grapes.
I like the grapes.
In this case it is possible to either use an article or leave it out, but the
meaning will be different in each case:
I like grapes: a general statement concerning grapes.

I like the grapes: a statement about some specific grapes that I've
actually tasted.
A (indefinite article): we use it with singular countable nouns (not specific).

I have a new car.
AN: we use it instead of a when the next word begins with a vowel sound.
They want to have lunch at an expensive restaurant.
Whether we use a or an with a word depends on the sound, not the spelling.
An honest person, an hour BUT a university, a uniform.
THE (definite article): we use it with:
Countable nouns (specific): Let's go to the new theatre.

Plural countable nouns (specific): I found the keys you lost.
7 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Uncountable nouns (specific): He gave them the money and then left.
NO ARTICLE (zero article): we use it with:
Plural countable nouns (general): Do newspapers have a future?

Uncountable nouns (general): You should eat fresh fruit every day.
SPECIAL RULES:
Special rules.
Cases. Articles. Examples.
Some countries (the UK, the USA).

Rivers, oceans, seas, groups of mountains and islands
THE (the Nile, the Atlantic).
Public buildings (the post office).
Places.
The Earth, the world, the sky, the moon, the sun.
NO Cities and streets (I live in Seattle).

ARTICLE Most countries (Spain), planets (Mars).
Jobs: They have a job. She's a doctor. He works as a

A/AN
teacher.
THE The media, listen to the radio, play the guitar.

Activities
Go to work, go to school, watch TV, go shopping, play
NO
football, listen to music, Be at school, be at university,
ARTICLE
school subjects (history).
The third page is missing.

THE In the morning/afternoon/evening, on the second of
Numbers June, in the 1920s.
and time.
NO Days (on Monday), months (in November), years (2011),
ARTICLE at night.
A title without a name (the President of the company,

the King, the Prime Minister).
THE Groups of people (the army, the navy, the police, the
Germans, the English).
People.
Part of a larger group (One of the students was absent).
NO A title with a name (President Obama).

ARTICLE Become king, he's French, speak French.
8 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
2.1.- Verb or adjective + preposition.
Here are some examples of verbs and adjectives which are usually
followed by a specific preposition. You will probably be familiar with
most of them, but do you always get the preposition right? Pay
special attention to the prepositions that are different in your
language.
VERB + PREPOSITION:
She often listens to the radio in the morning.
I never agree with my friends about politics.
He got married to a German girl.
We may go to the park today. It depends on the weather.
Don't worry about your exam. I'm sure you'll pass.
She applied for a job last week.
I never write emails to my friends. I always phone them.
This book belongs to Mark.
I never think about the future.
He spends a lot of money on clothes.
I never borrow money from friends.
If you don't know how to do the exercise, ask for help.
I am waiting for the bus.
When was the last time you talked to a friend about your problems?
She told me she works as a secretary. I think she works for a multinational
company.
I can't concentrate on anything at the moment.
ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION:
He was never very good at sport.

She's afraid of spiders.
I'm very interested in architecture.
She's similar to her sister, but very different from her brother.
My sister is very worried about her exams right now.
The park is full of rubbish.
My boyfriend is very bad at remembering anniversaries.
There is something wrong with this DVD.
Think about it
Answer the following questions in the forum:
9 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
When you were at school, what subjects were you good at?
Are you afraid of any insects?
What kind of music do you usually listen to?
Do you write emails to English-speaking people?
Are you interested in sport?
10 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27

The following exercise shouldn't be too difficult. Let's give it a try.
Autoevaluación
Complete using a, an or the.
We had really good time at school today.

Do you listen to radio every day?
Some friends are going to have party. Would you like to come?
It took me over hour to fill in this form.
Do you have unusual ability?
Did you use to wear uniform when you went to school?
I went to hairdresser's yesterday and I will have to go again
tomorrow. My hair is complete disaster!
We wanted to see Queen, but there were too many people.
Enviar
Great! Now let's move on to the next exercise.
Autoevaluación
Write an article in each gap where necessary. If an article is not necessary,
put a dash (-).
11 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
I had really bad day on Monday. I went to shop on Oxford street

to buy new TV. When I got home, I tried to turn on TV, but it
didn't work properly. I took it back to shop, but shop assistant
pointed to scratch on TV and said it was my fault. I asked for
refund, but he said it was not his problem and blamed manufacturer.
Enviar
Easy, wasn't it?
Autoevaluación
Complete with the correct preposition.
Are you really afraid clowns?

I've been waiting the bus for 40 minutes. I'm going to call a taxi.
He seems to be very interested fashion.
Don't forget to pay the milk.
She borrowed £50 his father.
Who does this jacket belong ?
Stop talking and concentrate your exams.
We want to go hiking, but it depends the weather.
Stop worrying your exam - everything will be fine.
I'm afraid I'm not very good reading maps.
Enviar
Good job!
12 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
2.3.- Difficult consonant sounds (for

speakers of English as a foreign language).
Let's take a closer look at some difficult consonant sounds of

English. If you want to hear the words we are going to talk
about, check them out in this pronunciation dictionary:
Pronunciation dictionary.
/h/ (house): When pronouncing this sound, make the

gap at the back of your mouth small. These are some
examples of words where you can find this sound: hose, help, house, heart, who.
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: Who has a habit of helping
homeless people?
Common spellings: H (hand), WH (who). NOTE: The letter H is sometimes
silent: hour, honest.
/w/ (work): To make this sound, you have to put your lips round and forward and then
relax them. These are some examples of words where you can find this sound: what,
when, quick, one, witch.
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: When did you go away for the
weekend with Walter?
Common spellings: W (water), WH (which).
/j/ (yes): When pronouncing this sound, make the gap at the top of your mouth small.
Move your tongue down to open the gap and move your jaw down a little. These are
some examples of words where you can find this sound: player, cure, year, Europe,
your.
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: A few years ago I was still a
university student.
Common spellings: Y (yellow), I (view), E (euro), U (union).
/ʃ/ (shop): To make this sound, you have to put the tip of your tongue curved behind
your teeth. These are some examples of words where you can find this sound: shoes,
cash, wish, sugar.
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: Sean should have finished his
Russian course.
Common spellings: SH (finish), S (sugar), SS (Russian), TI (nation), C
(ocean).
/dʒ/ (jazz): To make this sound, you have to put your tongue behind your teeth and
then release the air. These are some examples of words where you can find this sound:
July, jaw, age, garage, judge.
13 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: I bought this jacket in the village
we went to in June.
Common spellings: J (judge), G (gesture), GE (village).
/s/ followed by another consonant at the beginning of a word: school, student,

Spain, stairs, stone, start, stop, etc.
Now try to pronounce the following sentence: This scholar is a specialist in
Spanish studies.
A step ahead
If you want to practice what we have learned, you'll find more exercises on the
Internet.
Consonant sounds.
ST consonant cluster.
14 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
3.- Words you need: Interview questions.

Once you get a job interview, you need to be prepared. What kind of questions do you think
you are going to be asked? Here is a list that might help you
Interview questions.
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS. SPANISH.
1. Tell me about yourself. Cuénteme algo sobre usted.
2. How would you describe yourself? ¿Cómo se describiría? (Carácter /

(Character / personality). personalidad).
3. What are your strengths /

¿Cuáles son sus puntos fuertes / débiles?
weaknesses?
4. What do you do in your free time? ¿Qué hace en su tiempo libre?
5. Why are you interested in working ¿Por qué está interesado o interesada en
for our company? trabajar en nuestra empresa?
6. What type of position do you think ¿Para qué tipo de trabajo cree que está
you are suited for / would suit you? mejor cualificado o cualificada?
7. What aspects of the position are you ¿Qué aspectos del trabajo le interesan más /
most/least interested in? menos?
8. What have you got to offer us? ¿Qué puede ofrecernos?
9. How could you contribute to our

¿Cómo podría contribuir a nuestra empresa?
company?
10. Why do you want to leave your

¿Por qué quiere dejar su trabajo actual?
present job?
11. What did your job involve? ¿En qué consistía su trabajo?
12. What do you think you gained by En su opinión, ¿qué aprendió en su anterior
working in your last job? trabajo?
13. What are your salary requirements? ¿Cuáles son sus expectativas salariales?
15 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS. SPANISH.
14. How do you feel about your future ¿Cuáles son sus perspectivas de futuro en la
in the profession? profesión?
15. Have you had any negative

¿Ha tenido algunas experiencias negativas?
experiences?
16. Would you be willing to relocate / to ¿Estaría dispuesto o dispuesta a trasladarse

move to another part of the country / to / mudarse a otro lugar dentro del país / a
work abroad? trabajar en el extranjero?
17. Do you prefer working alone or with ¿Prefiere trabajar solo/a o con otras
other people as part of a team? personas en equipo?
18. Do you think you have the ability to ¿Cree que tiene la capacidad de liderar un
be a team leader? equipo?
19. Why should I recruit you? ¿Por qué debería contratarle?
20. How could you persuade me to

¿Cómo me convencería para contratarle?
recruit you?

Text adapted from http://www.learn-english-today.com/business-english/interviews.htm
Think about it
Read questions 2, 3, 4, 16 and 17 again, and answer them in the forum.
16 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
3.1.- Useful adjectives for job interviews.

In order to answer all the questions that you would be asked in
a job interview, you need to know a few words that might be
useful to describe yourself and your skills. By using precise
vocabulary and being confident you can make the best
impression possible.
Interview adjectives.
INTERVIEW
SPANISH.
VOCABULARY.
ADJECTIVES. ADJETIVOS.
Competent. Competente.
Conscientious. Concienzudo o concienzuda.
Creative. Creativo o creativa.
Dependable. Digno o digna de confianza.
Decidido o decidida, resuelto o

Determined.
resuelta.
Dynamic. Dinámico o dinámica.
Energetic. Lleno o llena de energía.
Enterprising. Emprendedor o emprendedora.
Enthusiastic. Entusiasta.
Experienced. Experimentado o experimentada.
Flexible. Flexible.
Honest. Sincero o sincera.
Innovative. Innovador o innovadora.
Loyal. Leal.
17 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
INTERVIEW
SPANISH.
VOCABULARY.
Motivated. Motivado o motivada.
Diplomático o diplomática,
Tactful.
discreto o discreta.
Trustworthy. Digno o digna de confianza.
A step ahead
If you want to know more about job interviews, why not take a look at the
following websites?
Help with job interviews.
How to dress for a job interview.
18 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
3.2.- Useful verbs for job interviews.

The following verbs can help you to express responsibilities and
tasks performed in a previous job.
Interview verbs.
INTERVIEW VOCABULARY. SPANISH.
VERBS. VERBOS.
Accomplish. Lograr, conseguir.
Arrange. Organizar.
Assist (sb) with/in sth. Ayudar (a alguien) con algo.
Carry out. Llevar a cabo.
Collaborate. Colaborar.
Coordinate. Coordinar.
Counsel. Asesorar.
Create. Crear.
Deal with. Tratar con.
Develop. Desarrollar.
Encourage. Animar, fomentar.
Implement. Implementar, poner en práctica.
Improve. Mejorar.
Manage. Dirigir.
Motivate. Motivar.
Organize. Organizar.
Prepare. Preparar.
19 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
INTERVIEW VOCABULARY. SPANISH.
Programme. Programar.
Review. Revisar.
Sort out. Organizar.
Supervise. Supervisar.
Now it's your turn

Take the following quizzes to test what you have learned:
Job interview quiz 1.
20 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Autoevaluación
Listen to the job interview to practise and improve your listening skills and
answer the following questions.
00:00 04:34
Script
Four years ago, Maria worked for a small HR services provider ...
in the B2B sector.
in the B2C sector.
Fantastic!
That's not correct.
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
Maria has been in her current job ...
21 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
for four years.
for three years.
Not really, he is being interviewed for the position of e-commerce

manager.
That's great!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Maria's current role is focused ...
on a number of HR topics.
only on learning and development.
Excellent!
That's not exact.
22 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
Maria ...
is doing a diploma in psychology at the moment.
Both options are true.
Not really.
Brilliant!
Solución
1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
Maria will need to ...
devise and implement an L&D strategy.
implement an L&D strategy that has already been devised.
23 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Correct!
That´s no correct.
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
Maria ...
needs to call them next week to find out the next steps.
will hear back from them next week.
Try it again.
Correct!
Solución
1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
24 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
If you didn't get the answers right, try to listen to the previous recording again
very carefully.
If you want to read the script of the previous dialogue, check out the
following website.
Job interview: script.
Autoevaluación
Match the correct word from the list below to each of the sentences.
Matching exercise.
Sentences. Match. Words.
People must be more _______ and be able to

1.- Dynamic.
adapt to different conditions and circumstances.
Some positions in a firm require a strong _______. 2.- Flexible.
If you get a _______, you are given a more 3.-

important job and are usually paid more money. Interviewer.
When somebody is _______, they are full of 4.-

energy and full of new and exciting ideas. Promotion.
The _______ asked the applicants lots of irrelevant 5.-

questions. Personality.
Enviar
Think about it
Have you ever heard of the Monty Python? They were a very popular British
surreal comedy group that became widely known in the late 1960s and 1970s
for its influential television series: Monty Python's Flying Circus. The members
of the group included Graham Chapin, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle,
25 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
Terry Jones, and Michael Palin.
Now you can watch a sketch in which an absurd job interview is held.
Does the candidate get the job?
pre Monty Python Job Interview sketch
Text summary

No, he doesn't. All the vacancies had been filled weeks before.
Recomendación
In the following video you can see the key words and phrases in a job interview:
26 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
¡Entrevista de trabajo en Inglés! Que decir en inglés …
Text Summary
27 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
4.- A step ahead.
Let's revise what we've learned in this unit. Check out the
following websites:
This website explores different issues connected with

working abroad. You will find out about people's
personal experiences. There are also vocabulary pages,
exercises and quizzes to help you develop and test your
English.
Working abroad.
Extra jobs and work vocabulary.
Learn English Vocabulary: Jobs and work
A quiz related to work vocabulary.
Work quiz.
This website provides some guidelines to write effective business letters you might
find interesting.
Guidelines to write business letters.
Interesting vocabulary and expressions of business letters.
Vocabulary of business letters.
Interesting vocabulary of employment.
Vocabulary of employment.
Recomendación
This video will show you how to answer some of the most common
questions you will face at a job interview.
28 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
How to Answer Classic Job Interview Questions
Text summary
29 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27

Licences of resources used in session 3. "Recruitment process.".
Resource Resource
(1) (2)
By: Alastair McDermott. By: Lewis Minor.

From: http://www.flickr.com From: http://www.flickr.com
/photos/h /photos/3
omesbythomas/4938211707/ 1284576@N06/4692195726/
By: Niall Kennedy. By: Raquel Baranow.

License: CC by-nc. License: CC by.
/photos/n /photos/6
iallkennedy/3850402560/ 66_is_money/4083813727/
By: phanphanphan. By: Erik.

License: CC by-nc-sa. License: CC by-nc-sa.
/photos/p /photos/e
hanphanphan/1040901443/ jbaurdo/347627957/
By: Oberazzi. By: Evelyn Saenz.

License: CC by-nc-sa. License: CC by.
/photos/o /photos/e
berazzi/318947873/ velynsaenz/4986726093/
By: Patty.B. By: Pulpolux !!!.

License: CC by-nc-sa. License: CC by-nc.
/photos/p /photos/p
attybezzola/4272052015/ ulpolux/2220895649/
By: Vicki & Chuck Rogers.

/photos/t
wo-wrongs/3618925454/
30 de 31 4/2/22, 21:27
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JOB INTERVIEW. Culture & People. http://localhost:51235/temp_print_dirs/eXeTempPrintDir_Py_Azn/ING05...

JOB INTERVIEW. Culture & People.

‘Siesta' work culture in Spain needs changing

Try to read the text more carefully.

The level of absenteeism at Louis Vuitton is still unacceptable.

Maybe you need to read the text again.

Are you sure?

Spanish workers like spending time out of the oﬃce.

That's not exact.

1.- Stress at work.

You should know

Stress at work, known as burnout.

Now you can read the programme script.

Stress at work script. (23.7 KB)

Have you ever been stressed (at work, at school)?

How to help reduce stress at work.

Citas Para Pensar

Clare Boothe Luce

"Working nine to five

what a way to make living.

it's all taking and no giving."

What does the above verse mean?

Now it's your turn

9 to 5 National Association of Working Women.

Appendix.- Licences of resources.

By: Brian Haberer. By: bottled_void.

By: Adria Richards.

JOB INTERVIEW. Communicative Activities.

Talk about your job / your future job.

1.- Reading exercise.

candidate, clarification, contact, expectations, handshake, mentioning, polite,

"How are you today?" -- "Fine, thank you. And you?"

"So if I understand correctly, you're asking me…"

2.- Listening exercise.

A long letter creates a positive impression.

Not really. A good letter should be short.

You have to include your full name and address.

It is essential to write your date of birth in the letter.

Do not include anything about your children or parents.

Education is more important than work experience.

Not unless you are applying directly from school.

Use colours to make your letter more attractive.

Don't mention hobbies at all.

You have to include your name and adress.

3.- Speaking exercise.

Answer the following questions:

Do you know anyone who...?

has applied or is applying for a job? What kind of job?

4.- Writing exercise.

Check for spelling and grammar mistakes.

Appendix.- Licences of resources.

JOB INTERVIEW. Session 1.- Writing a CV.

Read the text and listen to the situation.

Have you ever applied for a job?

What things do you think a good CV should include?

1.- What to say.

Citas Para Pensar

The Dos and Don'ts of CV writing.

"What do you think? Pretty useful, isn't it?"