Common Terminologies

in PED 111
Elena B. Mohammad, MA
 Different Terminologies:
Assessment, Testing,
Measurement and Evaluation
Assessment, testing, measurement
and evaluation mean many different
things. These terms are sometimes
used interchangeable in the field of
education.

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1 ASSESSMENT
 As teacher, we find out if the learners are
actually learning (changing their behavior)
as a result of the teaching.

Assessment is a means of finding out what

learning is taking place.

Apart from knowledge and skills, we also

measure other changes in behavior
related to “personality”, social skills,
interests, learning styles, among others.
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 Assessment FOR Learning
vs.
1 Assessment OF Learning
 Assessment FOR Learning (FORMATIVE)
- assessing the sthrengths and weaknesses of students

Assessment AS Learning (FORMATIVE)

- occurs when students reflect on and monitor their progress to

“
inform their future learning goals. Teacher’s role is to give
feedback.

Assessment OF Learning (SUMMATIVE)

- occurs when teachers use evidence of student learning to
make judgments on student achievement against goals and
standards (summative assessment).

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 The Assessment itself can be done in
different ways:
1. Ask the learner to recall facts or principles
(e.g., What is X?)
2. Ask the learner to apply given or recalled
facts or principles (e.g., How does X help
you solve this problem?)
3. Ask the learner to select and apply facts and
principles to solve a given problem (e.g.,
What do you know that will help you solve
this problem?)

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 The Assessment itself can be done in
different ways:

4. Ask the learner to formulate and solve his or

her own problem by selecting, generating,
and applying facts and principles (e.g., What
do I see as the problem here and how can I
reach a satisfying solution?
5. Ask the learner to perform tasks that shows
mastery of the learning outcomes
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 Participation is very important in assessment
evaluation. Learners should be actively involved.
Teachers and trainers are expected to advise and guide
the learners.
Norm-referencing

“
- an assessment where students are compared with
each other. Used as a tool for “sorting” students for
selection purpose (e.g., progression to a higher level).

Criterion-referencing
- An assessment of learners in relation to a particular
target or level of performance.
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 Assessment
◇ is defined as an act of a systematic
process of collecting and interpreting
information about student learning.
◇ it is a general term that includes different
ways that the teachers used to gather
information in the classroom – help the
teacher understand their students, uses
to plan and monitor their classroom
instruction, testing, and grading.
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 Different Purposes of Assessment

1. To provide FEEDBACK to students

“
2. To serve as diagnostic tool for instruction

This answers the questions:

“Was the instruction effective?”
“Did the students achieve the intended learning
outcomes?”
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 Other processes of Assessment

◇ Oral questioning
◇ Observation
◇ Project
◇ Performance
◇ Portfolio

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2 MEASUREMENT
 Measurement
◇ a process of quantifying or assigning
number to the individual’s intelligence,
personality, attitudes and values, and
achievement of the students
◇ expresses the assessment data in terms
of numerical values and answer the
question, “How much?”

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 Quantitative vs. Qualitative
◇ Quantitative measurements are
represented by a numeric value while
Qualitative measurements involve
“types” and may be represented by a
name, symbol, or a number code.

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 What happens next?
◇ “After collecting the assessment data,
the teacher will use this to make a
decisions or judgment about the
performance of the students in a
certain instruction.

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3 TESTING
 Testing
◇ the most common form of assessment.
◇ formal and systematic instrument, usually
paper and pencil procedure designed to
assess the quality, ability, skill or knowledge
◇ refers to the administration, scoring and
interpretation of the procedures designed to
get information about the extent of the
performance of the students

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 Standardized test
◇ is any form of test that
1. requires all test takers to test
the same questions, or
selection of questions form
common bank of questions;

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 Standardized test
◇ is any form of test that
2. is scored in a “standard” or
consistent manner, which
makes it possible to
compare the relative
performance of individual
students or groups of
students.
(e.g. CET, TAT, NAT)

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 High Stakes Testing
◇ is standardized achievement
tests that works as a primary
mechanism for evaluating the
performance of students and
educators. It has significant
consequences or forms the
basis of a momentous
decision.
◇ e.g. LET, NLE

(https://www.teachmint.com/glos
sary/h/high-stakes-testing/)
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 High Stakes Testing
◇ Stakes are high for students
and educators with high
stakes testing. It decides
whether the students qualify
for higher education,
teachers are efficient enough
to teach, and schools are
competent sufficient to
provide the right education.

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 High Stakes Testing
◇ High stake tests come in many forms, with a
variety of purposes to students and educators
that include:
￭ For students, it determines whether they
are qualified or disqualified for the next
level, and of giving scholarships, etc.
￭ For teachers, it decides whether to hire
or fire them, apart form extending their
tenure, increasing salaries, bonuses, and
others.
￭ For schools, test results may be used to
trigger penalties for schools, including
negative public ratings, the replacement
23 of staff members, or even closure.
 High Stakes Testing
￭ For schools, test results
may be used to trigger
penalties for schools,
including negative public
ratings, the replacement
of staff members, or
even closure. (e.g.
Licensure Examination
for Teachers)

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4 EVALUATION
 Evaluation
◇ is the process of judging the quality of
what is good and what is desirable
◇ the comparison of data to a set of
standard of learning criteria for the
purpose of judging the worth of quality
◇ "Evaluation is the collection of, analysis
and interpretation of information about
any aspect of a programme of
education or training as part of a
recognised process of judging its
effectiveness, its efficiency and any
other outcomes it may have."
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 For example:
◇ In judging the quality of an essay
written by the students about their
opinion regarding the first state of the
address of PRRD, evaluation occurs
after the assessment data has been
collected and synthesized, the teacher
evaluates how well if you have
included all the required elements of
an essay. This can be done by using a
rubric for this kind of activity.

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Any questions?
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Any questions?
 Assignment:
On your e-portfolio:
A. Write an essay on the following:
1. How do you differentiate assessment
from testing, measurement and
evaluation?
2. Discuss what is meant by:
Assessment of Learning,
Assessment as Learning, and
Assessment for learning
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 Assignment:
B. Choose a topic/lesson of a certain
subject. Give your own example of each:
A. Essay (just 1)
B. Objective type of Test (3 of each)
￮ True or False

￮ Sentence completion

￮ Matching type

￮ Multiple Choice

￮ Alternate Response Type of test

(modified TRUE or FALSE)
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