Quiz 1

1.
The risk factors for type 1 diabetes include all of the following except:
1.Diet
2.Genetic
3.Autoimmune
4.Environmental
3. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include all of the following except:
1. Advanced age
2. Obesity
3. Smoking
4. Physical inactivity
4. What percentage of women with gestational diabetes is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
following pregnancy?
1. 25%-30%
2. 5%-10%
3. <5%
4. 20%-25%
7. Diabetics are at increased risk of heart disease if they also:
1. Smoke
2. Have high HDL cholesterol levels
3. Take aspirin
4. Consume a high-fiber diet
8. Blood sugar is well controlled when Hemoglobin A1C is:
1. Below 7%
2. Between 12%-15%
3. Less than 180 mg/dL
4. Between 90 and 130 mg/dL
9. Excessive thirst and volume of very dilute urine may be symptoms of:
1. Urinary tract infection

2. Diabetes insipidus
3. Viral gastroenteritis
4. Hypoglycemia
10. Among female children and adolescents, the first sign of type 1 diabetes may be:
1. Rapid weight gain

2. Constipation
3. Genital candidiasis
4. Insomnia
11. Untreated hyperglycemia may lead to all of the following complications except:
1. Hyperosmolar syndrome
2. Vitiligo
3. Diabetic ketoacidosis
4. Coma
12. Hyperinsulinemia may be caused by all of the following except:
1. An insulinoma
2. Nesidioblastosis
3. Insulin resistance
4. Type 1 diabetes
16. Proliferative retinopathy is often treated using:
1. Tonometry
2. Fluorescein angiogram
3. Antibiotics
4. Laser surgery
17. Which of the following diabetes drugs acts by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by
the liver?
1. Sulfonylureas
2. Meglitinides
3. Biguanides
4. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
18. The benefits of using an insulin pump include all of the following except:
1. By continuously providing insulin they eliminate the need for injections of

insulin
2. They simplify management of blood sugar and often improve A1C
3. They enable exercise without compensatory carbohydrate consumption
4. They help with weight loss
20. Diabetic neuropathies are diagnosed using all of the following except:
1. Nerve conduction studies or electromyography

2. Ultrasound
3. Foot examinations
4. Minnesota Mutiphasic Personality inventory (MMPI)
ANSWERS
1. A
Type 1 diabetes is a primary failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin. It

primarily affects children and young adults and is unrelated to diet.
3. C
Additional risk factors for type 2 diabetes are a family history of diabetes,
impaired glucose metabolism, history of gestational diabetes, and race/ethnicity.
African-Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, Pacific
Islanders, and Native Americans are at greater risk of developing diabetes than
whites.
4. B
African-American, Hispanic/Latina and Native American women are at greater risk

of developing gestational diabetes than are white women. Women who
experience gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing diabetes
during the decade following pregnancy.
7. A
Diabetics who smoke are at greater risk of developing heart disease because
both diabetes and smoking act to narrow blood vessels. Smoking also is
associated with increased risk of eye problems and may compromise circulation
to the legs.
8. A
A1c measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated and determines

average blood glucose during the two to three months prior to testing. Used as a
diagnostic tool, A1C levels of 6.5% or higher on two tests indicate diabetes. A1C
of 6% to 6.5% is considered prediabetes.
9. B
Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the kidneys are unable to conserve

water, often because there is insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or the
kidneys are unable to respond to ADH. Although diabetes mellitus may present
with similar symptoms, the disorders are different. Diabetes insipidus does not
involve hyperglycemia.
10. C
The signs and symptoms that suggest type 1 diabetes include excessive thirst,
hunger, urination, weight loss, fatigue, irritability, blurred vision, and infection
with candida albicans (also known as yeast infections).
11. B
Excessively high blood sugar or prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic

ketoacidosis, the condition in which the body breaks down fat for energy and
ketones spill into the urine. Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome occurs when blood
sugar is excessively high and available insulin is ineffective. In this case, the body
cannot use glucose or fat for energy and glucose is excreted in the urine. Without
immediate medical attention, both conditions may result in coma or death.
12. D
Hyperinsulinemia indicates a difficulty in blood sugar regulation; the pancreas is

working to produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar. Hyperinsulinemia
may be cause by a tumor of insulin-producing cells (an insulinoma), excessive
numbers of insulin producing cells (nesidioblastosis), or insulin resistance.
16. D
Scatter laser treatment is used to shrink abnormal blood vessels in an effort to

preserve vision. When there is significant bleeding in the eye, it is removed in a
procedure known as vitrectomy. Tonometry is a diagnostic test that measures
pressure inside the eye. A fluorescein angiogram is a diagnostic test that traces
the flow of dye through the blood vessels in the retina; it is used to detect
macular edema.
17. C
Biguanides, such as metformin, lower blood glucose by reducing the amount of

glucose produced by the liver. Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides stimulate the beta
cells of the pancreas to produce more insulin. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors block
the breakdown of starches and some sugars, which helps to reduce blood
glucose levels
18. D
Using an insulin pump has many advantages, including fewer dramatic swings in
blood glucose levels, increased flexibility about diet, and improved accuracy of
insulin doses and delivery; however, the use of an insulin pump has been
associated with weight gain.
20. D
Nerve conduction studies assess transmission of electrical signals through nerves

and electromyography evaluates nerve transmission to muscles. Ultrasound can
assess the responsivity and function of internal organs that may be compromised
by neurological damage. Foot exams help to assess peripheral neuropathy and to
ensure the integrity of skin. The MMPI is a psychological test and is not used to
assess diabetic neuropathy.

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1.

1. Urinary tract infection

1. Rapid weight gain

1. By continuously providing insulin they eliminate the need for injections of

1. Nerve conduction studies or electromyography

Type 1 diabetes is a primary failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin. It

African-American, Hispanic/Latina and Native American women are at greater risk

A1c measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated and determines

Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the kidneys are unable to conserve

Excessively high blood sugar or prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic

Hyperinsulinemia indicates a difficulty in blood sugar regulation; the pancreas is

Scatter laser treatment is used to shrink abnormal blood vessels in an effort to

Biguanides, such as metformin, lower blood glucose by reducing the amount of

Nerve conduction studies assess transmission of electrical signals through nerves

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