Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 56 views

    Exp 4 Dipad

    Uploaded by

    Grace Hipolito
    Sodium bicarbonate is most useful for detecting carboxylic acids because carboxylic acids readily donate protons and react with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate. The production of carbon dioxide allows for easy detection of a carboxylic acid's presence. Distillation can distinguish between pentanoic acid and pentanal, while reaction with sodium bicarbonate can distinguish pentanoic acid from ethyl propanoate and N-ethylpropanamide. Carboxylic acids are the most acidic due to stabilization of the conjugate base by resonance, followed by phenols (stabilized by the benzene ring), then alcohols and water. Acid halides undergo the fastest hydrolysis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Exp 4 Dipad

    Uploaded by

    Grace Hipolito
    56 views4 pages
    Sodium bicarbonate is most useful for detecting carboxylic acids because carboxylic acids readily donate protons and react with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate. The production of carbon dioxide allows for easy detection of a carboxylic acid's presence. Distillation can distinguish between pentanoic acid and pentanal, while reaction with sodium bicarbonate can distinguish pentanoic acid from ethyl propanoate and N-ethylpropanamide. Carboxylic acids are the most acidic due to stabilization of the conjugate base by resonance, followed by phenols (stabilized by the benzene ring), then alcohols and water. Acid halides undergo the fastest hydrolysis

    Original Title

    exp 4 dipad

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Sodium bicarbonate is most useful for detecting carboxylic acids because carboxylic acids readily donate protons and react with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate. The production of carbon dioxide allows for easy detection of a carboxylic acid's presence. Distillation can distinguish between pentanoic acid and pentanal, while reaction with sodium bicarbonate can distinguish pentanoic acid from ethyl propanoate and N-ethylpropanamide. Carboxylic acids are the most acidic due to stabilization of the conjugate base by resonance, followed by phenols (stabilized by the benzene ring), then alcohols and water. Acid halides undergo the fastest hydrolysis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    56 views4 pages

    Exp 4 Dipad

    Uploaded by

    Grace Hipolito
    Sodium bicarbonate is most useful for detecting carboxylic acids because carboxylic acids readily donate protons and react with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate. The production of carbon dioxide allows for easy detection of a carboxylic acid's presence. Distillation can distinguish between pentanoic acid and pentanal, while reaction with sodium bicarbonate can distinguish pentanoic acid from ethyl propanoate and N-ethylpropanamide. Carboxylic acids are the most acidic due to stabilization of the conjugate base by resonance, followed by phenols (stabilized by the benzene ring), then alcohols and water. Acid halides undergo the fastest hydrolysis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    1.

    Explain why sodium bicarbonate solution is most useful in determining the presence of a carboxylic
    acid.

    They interact with sodium bicarbonate because carboxylic acids prefer to give protons and are more
    reactive than carbonic acids. The following kind of carbonic acid will be unstable and instantly release
    water and carbon dioxide. Since it easily combines with acidic solutions to produce carbon dioxide,
    which is then quickly expelled from the solution with the creation of sodium acetate, sodium
    bicarbonate is the most effective substance for detecting the presence of a carboxylic acid.

    2. Identify a test that will distinguish between the compounds of each of the following pairs:

    a. Pentanoic acid and pentanal

    b. Pentanoic acid and ethyl propanoate

    c. Ethyl propanoate and N-ethylpropanamide

    d. N-ethylpropanamide and N,N-dimethylpropanamide

    e. Ethyl propanoate and propanoyl chloride

    3. Arrange the following types in order of increasing acidity: carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, water.
    Explain why.

    Alcohols < water < phenols < carboxylic acids

    The stability of the conjugate base created by the proton donation determines the acidity of a
    compound. With increasing acidity of the compound, the stability of the conjugate base will also rise,
    and back.

    Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols, water, and phenols because the carboxylate ion, the
    conjugate acid of carboxylic acids, is stabilized by resonance. This type of resonance structure cannot be
    displayed by the alkoxide ion, which is the conjugate base of alcohol, or the phenoxide ion (the
    conjugate base of phenol).

    Phenols are more acidic than carboxylic acids


    because the benzene ring stabilizes the phenoxide ion. Oxygen will draw electrons and produce a
    negative charge since it is an electronegative atom. It also takes part in delocalization since it has a lone
    pair of electrons. Alcohols are also generally weaker acids than water. Alcohol's OH groups are less polar
    than those of water, which explains why this is the case. The capacity of the R group to release electrons
    causes alcohol to lose its acidity by lowering the polarity of the OH bond. As a result, water is a better
    proton donor than alcohol.

    Alcohol absorbs a proton and releases alcohol in exchange, but water is a superior proton source. Due to
    the oxygen atom's formation by the active groups linked to alcohol, alcohol is less acidic than water.
    Stronger. Phenols are more acidic than both water and alcohol due to the stability of its conjugate base
    and the absence of the analogous water base, -OH. As a result of the strengthening effect of the
    conjugate base of carboxylic acids, Carboxylic acids have two equal resonance fractions, which efficiently
    reveal the negative charge among other electronegative oxygen atoms.

    4. Arrange the following types in order of decreasing ease of hydrolysis: acid halides, acid anhydrides,
    esters and amides. Give the theoretical explanation for the observed differences in reactivity.

    acid halides > acid anhydrides > esters > amides

    Different derivatives of carboxylic acids will react in a wide range of ways. The most and least reactive
    substances during hydrolysis, respectively, are acyl chlorides and bromides. The level of reaction has
    significantly altered.

    A fast reaction between acyl chlorides and water occurs in homogeneous solvent systems without the
    need of heat or catalysts. On the other hand, amides only interact with water when strong acid or base
    catalysts and external heating are present.

    5. Write a complete reaction of succinic acid and acetic anhydride.


    6. Write equations that describe the reaction mechanism for acid hydrolysis of each of the following
    compounds: a) acetyl chloride and b) acetic anhydride.

    a.) acetyl chloride

    final hydrogen ion elimination by Cl- to produce ethanoic acid and HCl

    b.) acetic anhydride

    You might also like