Network Devices & Network Topology

Ring topology
.Introduction
Ring topology refers to a topology in which each computer is linked to exactly two
other computers to form a ring. The message transmission is unidirectional and
circular.This network topology is deterministic in nature, which means that each
computer is granted transmission access at a fixed time interval. All of the nodes
are linked in a closed loop. This topology is primarily based on a token-based
system, with the token traveling in a loop in only one direction.
If a token is free in a ring topology, the node can capture it, attach the data and
destination address to it, and then leave the token for communication. When this
token reaches the destination node, the receiver removes the data and frees the
token to carry the next data.
Impact of Ring topology

If a node fails, the entire network fails.
Data transmission speed is slow (each message has to go through the ring path).
It is difficult to reconfigure (we have to break the ring)
Star Topology
.Introduction
A computer network topology in which all nodes are connected to a centralized hub
is known as a star topology. The hub or switch serves as a bridge between the
nodes. Any node requesting or providing service must first communicate with the
hub.
The central device (hub or switch) has a point-to-point communication link with the
devices (the dedicated link between the devices that cannot be accessed by another
computer). Depending on the central device used, the message is then broadcast or
unicast. The hub broadcasts the message, whereas the switch unicasts it by using a
switch table. Broadcasting increases unnecessary network data traffic.
In a star topology, the hub and switch serve as servers, while the other connected
devices serve as clients. To connect a node to the central device, only one input-
output port and one cable are required. Because data does not pass through every
node in this topology, it is more secure.
Impact of Star Topology

The network will fail if the central device fails.
The network's device count is limited (due to limited input-output port in a
central device).
Mesh Topology
Mesh topology is a computer network topology in which nodes are linked together. In
other words, direct communication occurs between network nodes.
Mesh is classified into two types:

Full Mesh: Each node in the network is connected to every other node in the
network.
Partial Mesh: A network in which some nodes are not connected to every other node.
Each device in a fully connected mesh topology has a point-to-point link with every
other device in the network. If the network contains 'n' devices, then each device
has exactly '(n-1)' input-output ports and communication links. These are simplex
links, which means that data only moves in one direction. A duplex link (which
allows data to travel in both directions at the same time) can replace two simplex
links.
If we use simplex links, the number of communication links for 'n' devices is 'n(n-
1)', whereas it is 'n(n-1)/2' if we use duplex links in the mesh topology.
Impact of Mesh Topology

Extremely high cabling is required.
Implementation is expensive.
The network is difficult to install and takes up a lot of space.
Installation and upkeep are extremely difficult.
Tree Topology
Introduction
A tree topology is a computer network topology in which all nodes are connected to
the main bus cable, either directly or indirectly. Tree topology is a hybrid of the
Bus and Star topologies.
A tree topology divides the entire network into segments that can be easily managed
and maintained. In this topology, there is a main hub and all of the other sub-hubs
are linked to it.
Impact of Tree Topology
The cost of cabling and hardware is high.
Implementation is difficult.
Hub cabling is also necessary.
A large network with a tree topology is difficult to manage.
It necessitates a lot of upkeep.
The network will fail if the main bus fails.
Hybrid Topology
Introduction
A hybrid topology is a computer topology made up of two or more topologies. They
are the most commonly used in practice.
All topologies in this topology are interconnected based on their needs to form a
hybrid. All of the advantages of each topology can be combined to form an efficient
hybrid topology.
Impact of Hybrid Topology

Complex design.
Expensive to implement.
Multi-Station Access Unit(MSAL) required.

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Ring topology

Impact of Ring topology

Impact of Star Topology

Mesh is classified into two types:

Impact of Mesh Topology

Impact of Hybrid Topology

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