The c.d.f.

of the standard normal distribution

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.50000 0.50399 0.50798 0.51197 0.51595 0.51994 0.52392 0.52790 0.53188 0.53586
0.1 0.53983 0.54380 0.54776 0.55172 0.55567 0.55962 0.56356 0.56749 0.57142 0.57535
0.2 0.57926 0.58317 0.58706 0.59095 0.59483 0.59871 0.60257 0.60642 0.61026 0.61409
0.3 0.61791 0.62172 0.62552 0.62930 0.63307 0.63683 0.64058 0.64431 0.64803 0.65173
0.4 0.65542 0.65910 0.66276 0.66640 0.67003 0.67364 0.67724 0.68082 0.68439 0.68793

0.5 0.69146 0.69497 0.69847 0.70194 0.70540 0.70884 0.71226 0.71566 0.71904 0.72240
0.6 0.72575 0.72907 0.73237 0.73565 0.73891 0.74215 0.74537 0.74857 0.75175 0.75490
0.7 0.75804 0.76115 0.76424 0.76730 0.77035 0.77337 0.77637 0.77935 0.78230 0.78524
0.8 0.78814 0.79103 0.79389 0.79673 0.79955 0.80234 0.80511 0.80785 0.81057 0.81327
0.9 0.81594 0.81859 0.82121 0.82381 0.82639 0.82894 0.83147 0.83398 0.83646 0.83891

1.0 0.84134 0.84375 0.84614 0.84849 0.85083 0.85314 0.85543 0.85769 0.85993 0.86214
1.1 0.86433 0.86650 0.86864 0.87076 0.87286 0.87493 0.87698 0.87900 0.88100 0.88298
1.2 0.88493 0.88686 0.88877 0.89065 0.89251 0.89435 0.89617 0.89796 0.89973 0.90147
1.3 0.90320 0.90490 0.90658 0.90824 0.90988 0.91149 0.91309 0.91466 0.91621 0.91774
1.4 0.91924 0.92073 0.92220 0.92364 0.92507 0.92647 0.92785 0.92922 0.93056 0.93189

1.5 0.93319 0.93448 0.93574 0.93699 0.93822 0.93943 0.94062 0.94179 0.94295 0.94408
1.6 0.94520 0.94630 0.94738 0.94845 0.94950 0.95053 0.95154 0.95254 0.95352 0.95449
1.7 0.95543 0.95637 0.95728 0.95818 0.95907 0.95994 0.96080 0.96164 0.96246 0.96327
1.8 0.96407 0.96485 0.96562 0.96638 0.96712 0.96784 0.96856 0.96926 0.96995 0.97062
1.9 0.97128 0.97193 0.97257 0.97320 0.97381 0.97441 0.97500 0.97558 0.97615 0.97670

2.0 0.97725 0.97778 0.97831 0.97882 0.97932 0.97982 0.98030 0.98077 0.98124 0.98169
2.1 0.98214 0.98257 0.98300 0.98341 0.98382 0.98422 0.98461 0.98500 0.98537 0.98574
2.2 0.98610 0.98645 0.98679 0.98713 0.98745 0.98778 0.98809 0.98840 0.98870 0.98899
2.3 0.98928 0.98956 0.98983 0.99010 0.99036 0.99061 0.99086 0.99111 0.99134 0.99158
2.4 0.99180 0.99202 0.99224 0.99245 0.99266 0.99286 0.99305 0.99324 0.99343 0.99361

2.5 0.99379 0.99396 0.99413 0.99430 0.99446 0.99461 0.99477 0.99492 0.99506 0.99520
2.6 0.99534 0.99547 0.99560 0.99573 0.99585 0.99598 0.99609 0.99621 0.99632 0.99643
2.7 0.99653 0.99664 0.99674 0.99683 0.99693 0.99702 0.99711 0.99720 0.99728 0.99736
2.8 0.99744 0.99752 0.99760 0.99767 0.99774 0.99781 0.99788 0.99795 0.99801 0.99807
2.9 0.99813 0.99819 0.99825 0.99831 0.99836 0.99841 0.99846 0.99851 0.99856 0.99861

3.0 0.99865 0.99869 0.99874 0.99878 0.99882 0.99886 0.99889 0.99893 0.99896 0.99900
3.1 0.99903 0.99906 0.99910 0.99913 0.99916 0.99918 0.99921 0.99924 0.99926 0.99929
3.2 0.99931 0.99934 0.99936 0.99938 0.99940 0.99942 0.99944 0.99946 0.99948 0.99950
3.3 0.99952 0.99953 0.99955 0.99957 0.99958 0.99960 0.99961 0.99962 0.99964 0.99965
3.4 0.99966 0.99968 0.99969 0.99970 0.99971 0.99972 0.99973 0.99974 0.99975 0.99976

3.5 0.99977 0.99978 0.99978 0.99979 0.99980 0.99981 0.99981 0.99982 0.99983 0.99983
3.6 0.99984 0.99985 0.99985 0.99986 0.99986 0.99987 0.99987 0.99988 0.99988 0.99989
3.7 0.99989 0.99990 0.99990 0.99990 0.99991 0.99991 0.99992 0.99992 0.99992 0.99992
3.8 0.99993 0.99993 0.99993 0.99994 0.99994 0.99994 0.99994 0.99995 0.99995 0.99995
3.9 0.99995 0.99995 0.99996 0.99996 0.99996 0.99996 0.99996 0.99996 0.99997 0.99997

4.0 0.99997 0.99997 0.99997 0.99997 0.99997 0.99997 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998
4.1 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998 0.99998 0.99999 0.99999
4.2 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999
4.3 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999 0.99999
4.4 0.99999 0.99999 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
An entry in the table is the area Φ(z), where z is the sum of the corresponding
row and column headings.
 The quantile function of the Student’s t distribution

α
0.600 0.700 0.750 0.800 0.850 0.900 0.925 0.950 0.975 0.990 0.995 0.999 0.9995
ν
1 0.325 0.727 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 4.165 6.314 12.71 31.82 63.66 318.3 636.6
2 0.289 0.617 0.816 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.282 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.33 31.60
3 0.277 0.584 0.765 0.978 1.250 1.638 1.924 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.21 12.92
4 0.271 0.569 0.741 0.941 1.190 1.533 1.778 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610
5 0.267 0.559 0.727 0.920 1.156 1.476 1.699 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893 6.869
6 0.265 0.553 0.718 0.906 1.134 1.440 1.650 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959
7 0.263 0.549 0.711 0.896 1.119 1.415 1.617 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408
8 0.262 0.546 0.706 0.889 1.108 1.397 1.592 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041
9 0.261 0.543 0.703 0.883 1.100 1.383 1.574 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781
10 0.260 0.542 0.700 0.879 1.093 1.372 1.559 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587

11 0.260 0.540 0.697 0.876 1.088 1.363 1.548 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437
12 0.259 0.539 0.695 0.873 1.083 1.356 1.538 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930 4.318
13 0.259 0.538 0.694 0.870 1.079 1.350 1.530 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852 4.221
14 0.258 0.537 0.692 0.868 1.076 1.345 1.523 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140
15 0.258 0.536 0.691 0.866 1.074 1.341 1.517 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073
16 0.258 0.535 0.690 0.865 1.071 1.337 1.512 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015
17 0.257 0.534 0.689 0.863 1.069 1.333 1.508 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965
18 0.257 0.534 0.688 0.862 1.067 1.330 1.504 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922
19 0.257 0.533 0.688 0.861 1.066 1.328 1.500 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883
20 0.257 0.533 0.687 0.860 1.064 1.325 1.497 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850

21 0.257 0.532 0.686 0.859 1.063 1.323 1.494 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527 3.819
22 0.256 0.532 0.686 0.858 1.061 1.321 1.492 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792
23 0.256 0.532 0.685 0.858 1.060 1.319 1.489 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485 3.768
24 0.256 0.531 0.685 0.857 1.059 1.318 1.487 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745
25 0.256 0.531 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.316 1.485 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725
26 0.256 0.531 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.315 1.483 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707
27 0.256 0.531 0.684 0.855 1.057 1.314 1.482 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.690
28 0.256 0.530 0.683 0.855 1.056 1.313 1.480 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674
29 0.256 0.530 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.311 1.479 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.659
30 0.256 0.530 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.310 1.477 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646

31 0.256 0.530 0.682 0.853 1.054 1.309 1.476 1.696 2.040 2.453 2.744 3.375 3.633
32 0.255 0.530 0.682 0.853 1.054 1.309 1.475 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.365 3.622
33 0.255 0.530 0.682 0.853 1.053 1.308 1.474 1.692 2.035 2.445 2.733 3.356 3.611
34 0.255 0.529 0.682 0.852 1.052 1.307 1.473 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.348 3.601
35 0.255 0.529 0.682 0.852 1.052 1.306 1.472 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 3.340 3.591
36 0.255 0.529 0.681 0.852 1.052 1.306 1.471 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.333 3.582
37 0.255 0.529 0.681 0.851 1.051 1.305 1.470 1.687 2.026 2.431 2.715 3.326 3.574
38 0.255 0.529 0.681 0.851 1.051 1.304 1.469 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.319 3.566
39 0.255 0.529 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.304 1.468 1.685 2.023 2.426 2.708 3.313 3.558
40 0.255 0.529 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.468 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551

45 0.255 0.528 0.680 0.850 1.049 1.301 1.465 1.679 2.014 2.412 2.690 3.281 3.520
50 0.255 0.528 0.679 0.849 1.047 1.299 1.462 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261 3.496
60 0.254 0.527 0.679 0.848 1.045 1.296 1.458 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460
70 0.254 0.527 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.294 1.456 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 3.211 3.435
80 0.254 0.526 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.453 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.195 3.416
90 0.254 0.526 0.677 0.846 1.042 1.291 1.452 1.662 1.987 2.368 2.632 3.183 3.402
100 0.254 0.526 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.451 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.174 3.390
120 0.254 0.526 0.677 0.845 1.041 1.289 1.449 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.160 3.373
150 0.254 0.526 0.676 0.844 1.040 1.287 1.447 1.655 1.976 2.351 2.609 3.145 3.357
∞ 0.253 0.524 0.674 0.842 1.036 1.282 1.440 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090 3.291
An entry in the table is the quantile qν (α), where α is the indicated area under
the curve and ν the degrees of freedom.
 The quantile function of the χ2 distribution

α
0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.850 0.900 0.925 0.950 0.975 0.990 0.995 0.999 0.995
ν
1 0.455 0.708 1.074 1.642 2.072 2.706 3.170 3.841 5.024 6.635 7. 879 10.83 12.12
2 1.386 1.833 2.408 3.219 3.794 4.605 5.181 5.991 7.378 9.210 10 .60 13.82 15.20
3 2.366 2.946 3.665 4.642 5.317 6.251 6.905 7.815 9.348 11.34 12.84 16.27 17.73
4 3.357 4.045 4.878 5.989 6.745 7.779 8.496 9.488 11.14 13.28 14.86 18.47 20.00
5 4.351 5.132 6.064 7.289 8.115 9.236 10.01 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75 20.52 22.11
6 5.348 6.211 7.231 8.558 9.446 10.64 11.47 12.59 14.45 16.81 18.55 22.46 24.10
7 6.346 7.283 8.383 9.803 10.75 12.02 12.88 14.07 16.01 18.4 8 20.28 24.32 26.02
8 7.344 8.351 9.524 11.03 12.03 13.36 14.27 15.51 17.53 20. 09 21.95 26.12 27.87
9 8.343 9.414 10.66 12.24 13.29 14.68 15.63 16.92 19.02 21 .67 23.59 27.88 29.67
10 9.342 10.47 11.78 13.44 14.53 15.99 16.97 18.31 20.48 23.21 25.19 29.59 31.42

11 10.34 11.53 12.90 14.63 15.77 17.28 18.29 19.68 21.92 24.72 26.76 31.26 33.14
12 11.34 12.58 14.01 15.81 16.99 18.55 19.60 21.03 23.34 26.22 28.30 32.91 34.82
13 12.34 13.64 15.12 16.98 18.20 19.81 20.90 22.36 24.74 27.69 29.82 34.53 36.48
14 13.34 14.69 16.22 18.15 19.41 21.06 22.18 23.68 26.12 29.14 31.32 36.12 38.11
15 14.34 15.73 17.32 19.31 20.60 22.31 23.45 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80 37.70 39.72
16 15.34 16.78 18.42 20.47 21.79 23.54 24.72 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27 39.25 41.31
17 16.34 17.82 19.51 21.61 22.98 24.77 25.97 27.59 30.19 33.41 35.72 40.79 42.88
18 17.34 18.87 20.60 22.76 24.16 25.99 27.22 28.87 31.53 34.81 37.16 42.31 44.43
19 18.34 19.91 21.69 23.90 25.33 27.20 28.46 30.14 32.85 36.19 38.58 43.82 45.97
20 19.34 20.95 22.77 25.04 26.50 28.41 29.69 31.41 34.17 37.57 40.00 45.31 47.50

21 20.34 21.99 23.86 26.17 27.66 29.62 30.92 32.67 35.48 38.93 41.40 46.80 49.01
22 21.34 23.03 24.94 27.30 28.82 30.81 32.14 33.92 36.78 40.29 42.80 48.27 50.51
23 22.34 24.07 26.02 28.43 29.98 32.01 33.36 35.17 38.08 41.64 44.18 49.73 52.00
24 23.34 25.11 27.10 29.55 31.13 33.20 34.57 36.42 39.36 42.98 45.56 51.18 53.48
25 24.34 26.14 28.17 30.68 32.28 34.38 35.78 37.65 40.65 44.31 46.93 52.62 54.95
26 25.34 27.18 29.25 31.79 33.43 35.56 36.98 38.89 41.92 45.64 48.29 54.05 56.41
27 26.34 28.21 30.32 32.91 34.57 36.74 38.18 40.11 43.19 46.96 49.64 55.48 57.86
28 27.34 29.25 31.39 34.03 35.71 37.92 39.38 41.34 44.46 48.28 50.99 56.89 59.30
29 28.34 30.28 32.46 35.14 36.85 39.09 40.57 42.56 45.72 49.59 52.34 58.30 60.73
30 29.34 31.32 33.53 36.25 37.99 40.26 41.76 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67 59.70 62.16

31 30.34 32.35 34.60 37.36 39.12 41.42 42.95 44.99 48.23 52.19 55.00 61.10 63.58
32 31.34 33.38 35.66 38.47 40.26 42.58 44.13 46.19 49.48 53.49 56.33 62.49 65.00
33 32.34 34.41 36.73 39.57 41.39 43.75 45.31 47.40 50.73 54.78 57.65 63.87 66.40
34 33.34 35.44 37.80 40.68 42.51 44.90 46.49 48.60 51.97 56.06 58.96 65.25 67.80
35 34.34 36.47 38.86 41.78 43.64 46.06 47.66 49.80 53.20 57.34 60.27 66.62 69.20
36 35.34 37.50 39.92 42.88 44.76 47.21 48.84 51.00 54.44 58.62 61.58 67.99 70.59
37 36.34 38.53 40.98 43.98 45.89 48.36 50.01 52.19 55.67 59.89 62.88 69.35 71.97
38 37.34 39.56 42.05 45.08 47.01 49.51 51.17 53.38 56.90 61.16 64.18 70.70 73.35
39 38.34 40.59 43.11 46.17 48.13 50.66 52.34 54.57 58.12 62.43 65.48 72.05 74.73
40 39.34 41.62 44.16 47.27 49.24 51.81 53.50 55.76 59.34 63.69 66.77 73.40 76.09

45 44.34 46.76 49.45 52.73 54.81 57.51 59.29 61.66 65.41 69.96 73.17 80.08 82.88
50 49.33 51.89 54.72 58.16 60.35 63.17 65.03 67.50 71.42 76.15 79.49 86.66 89.56
60 59.33 62.13 65.23 68.97 71.34 74.40 76.41 79.08 83.30 88.38 91.95 99.61 102.7
70 69.33 72.36 75.69 79.71 82.26 85.53 87.68 90.53 95.02 100.4 104.2 112.3 115.6
80 79.33 82.57 86.12 90.41 93.11 96.58 98.86 101.9 106.6 112.3 116.3 124.8 128.3
90 89.33 92.76 96.52 101.0 103.9 107.6 110.0 113.1 11 8.1 124.1 128.3 137.2 140.8
100 99.33 102.9 106.9 111.7 114.7 118.5 121.0 124.3 129.6 135.8 140.2 149.4 153.2
120 119.3 123.3 127.6 132.8 136.1 140.2 143.0 146.6 152.2 159 163.6 173.6 177.6
150 149.3 153.8 158.6 164.3 168.0 172.6 175.6 179.6 185.8 193.2 198.4 209.3 213.6
200 199.3 204.4 210.0 216.6 220.7 226.0 229.5 234.0 241.1 249.4 255.3 267.5 272.4
An entry in the table is the quantile qν (α), where α is the indicated area under
the curve and ν the degrees of freedom.
 The quantile function of the F distribution

α = 0.9
ν1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 30 50 ∞
ν2
1 39.9 49.5 53.6 55.8 57.2 58.2 58.9 59.4 59.9 60.2 60.7 61.2 61.7 62.3 62.7 63.3
2 8.53 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.33 9.35 9.37 9.38 9.39 9. 41 9.42 9.44 9.46 9.47 9.49
3 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.31 5.28 5.27 5.25 5.24 5.23 5. 22 5.20 5.18 5.17 5.15 5.13
4 4.54 4.32 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 3.92 3. 90 3.87 3.84 3.82 3.80 3.76
5 4.06 3.78 3.62 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.32 3.30 3. 27 3.24 3.21 3.17 3.15 3.10

6 3.78 3.46 3.29 3.18 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.96 2.94 2. 90 2.87 2.84 2.80 2.77 2.72
7 3.59 3.26 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.70 2. 67 2.63 2.59 2.56 2.52 2.47
8 3.46 3.11 2.92 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.54 2. 50 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.29
9 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.42 2. 38 2.34 2.30 2.25 2.22 2.16
10 3.29 2.92 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 2 .28 2.24 2.20 2.16 2.12 2.06

11 3.23 2.86 2.66 2.54 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.25 2 .21 2.17 2.12 2.08 2.04 1.97
12 3.18 2.81 2.61 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.19 2 .15 2.10 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.90
13 3.14 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.20 2.16 2.14 2 .10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.85
14 3.10 2.73 2.52 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.10 2 .05 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.80
15 3.07 2.70 2.49 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.09 2.06 2 .02 1.97 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.76

16 3.05 2.67 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03 1 .99 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.72
17 3.03 2.64 2.44 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.00 1 .96 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.69
18 3.01 2.62 2.42 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.98 1 .93 1.89 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.66
19 2.99 2.61 2.40 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.96 1 .91 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.71 1.63
20 2.97 2.59 2.38 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.94 1 .89 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.61

21 2.96 2.57 2.36 2.23 2.14 2.08 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1 .87 1.83 1.78 1.72 1.67 1.59
22 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.90 1 .86 1.81 1.76 1.70 1.65 1.57
23 2.94 2.55 2.34 2.21 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89 1 .84 1.80 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.55
24 2.93 2.54 2.33 2.19 2.10 2.04 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.88 1 .83 1.78 1.73 1.67 1.62 1.53
25 2.92 2.53 2.32 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.87 1 .82 1.77 1.72 1.66 1.61 1.52

30 2.88 2.49 2.28 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.85 1.82 1 .77 1.72 1.67 1.61 1.55 1.46
35 2.85 2.46 2.25 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.82 1.79 1 .74 1.69 1.63 1.57 1.51 1.41
40 2.84 2.44 2.23 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76 1 .71 1.66 1.61 1.54 1.48 1.38
45 2.82 2.42 2.21 2.07 1.98 1.91 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.74 1 .70 1.64 1.58 1.52 1.46 1.35
50 2.81 2.41 2.20 2.06 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1 .68 1.63 1.57 1.50 1.44 1.33
60 2.79 2.39 2.18 2.04 1.95 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.74 1.71 1 .66 1.60 1.54 1.48 1.41 1.29
80 2.77 2.37 2.15 2.02 1.92 1.85 1.79 1.75 1.71 1.68 1 .63 1.57 1.51 1.44 1.38 1.24
100 2.76 2.36 2.14 2.00 1.91 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.66 1.61 1.56 1.49 1.42 1.35 1.21
120 2.75 2.35 2.13 1.99 1.90 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.48 1.41 1.34 1.19
∞ 2.71 2.30 2.08 1.94 1.85 1.77 1.72 1.67 1.63 1.60 1.55 1.49 1.42 1.34 1.26 1.00
An entry in the table is the quantile qν 1 ,ν 2 (α), where α is the indicated area
under the curve and ν 1 and ν 2 are the degrees of freedom of the numerator
and of the denominator, respectively.

1
 The quantile function of the F distribution (continued)

α = 0.95
ν1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 30 50 ∞
ν2
1 161 200 216 225 230 234 237 239 241 242 244 246 248 250 252 254
2 18.5 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5 19.5 19.5
3 10.1 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8 .74 8.70 8.66 8.62 8.58 8.53
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96 5. 91 5.86 5.80 5.75 5.70 5.63
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4. 68 4.62 4.56 4.50 4.44 4.36

6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06 4. 00 3.94 3.87 3.81 3.75 3.67
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3. 57 3.51 3.44 3.38 3.32 3.23
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3. 28 3.22 3.15 3.08 3.02 2.93
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 3. 07 3.01 2.94 2.86 2.80 2.71
10 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2 .91 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.54

11 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.85 2 .79 2.72 2.65 2.57 2.51 2.40
12 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2 .69 2.62 2.54 2.47 2.40 2.30
13 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67 2 .60 2.53 2.46 2.38 2.31 2.21
14 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60 2 .53 2.46 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.13
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2 .48 2.40 2.33 2.25 2.18 2.07

16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49 2 .42 2.35 2.28 2.19 2.12 2.01
17 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2 .38 2.31 2.23 2.15 2.08 1.96
18 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2 .34 2.27 2.19 2.11 2.04 1.92
19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2 .31 2.23 2.16 2.07 2.00 1.88
20 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2 .28 2.20 2.12 2.04 1.97 1.84

21 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2 .25 2.18 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.81
22 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30 2 .23 2.15 2.07 1.98 1.91 1.78
23 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.64 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27 2 .20 2.13 2.05 1.96 1.88 1.76
24 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25 2 .18 2.11 2.03 1.94 1.86 1.73
25 4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.60 2.49 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.24 2 .16 2.09 2.01 1.92 1.84 1.71

30 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16 2 .09 2.01 1.93 1.84 1.76 1.62
35 4.12 3.27 2.87 2.64 2.49 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.11 2 .04 1.96 1.88 1.79 1.70 1.56
40 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08 2 .00 1.92 1.84 1.74 1.66 1.51
45 4.06 3.20 2.81 2.58 2.42 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.05 1 .97 1.89 1.81 1.71 1.63 1.47
50 4.03 3.18 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.03 1 .95 1.87 1.78 1.69 1.60 1.44
60 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1 .92 1.84 1.75 1.65 1.56 1.39
80 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.49 2.33 2.21 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95 1 .88 1.79 1.70 1.60 1.51 1.32
100 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.93 1.85 1.77 1.68 1.57 1.48 1.28
120 3.92 3.07 2.68 2.45 2.29 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.96 1.91 1.83 1.75 1.66 1.55 1.46 1.25
∞ 3.84 3.00 2.60 2.37 2.21 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.75 1.67 1.57 1.46 1.35 1.00
An entry in the table is the quantile qν 1 ,ν 2 (α), where α is the indicated area
under the curve and ν 1 and ν 2 are the degrees of freedom of the numerator
and of the denominator, respectively.

2
 The quantile function of the F distribution (continued)

α = 0.99
ν1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 30 50 ∞
ν2
1 4052 5000 5403 5625 5764 5859 5928 59 81 6022 6056 6106 6157 6209 6261 6303 6366
2 98.5 99.0 99.2 99.2 99.3 99.3 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.5
3 34.1 30.9 29.5 28.7 28.2 27.9 27.7 27.5 27.3 27.2 27.0 26.9 26.7 26.5 26.3 26.1
4 21.2 18.0 16.7 16.0 15.5 15.2 15.0 14.8 14.7 14.5 14.4 14.2 14.0 13.8 13.7 13.5
5 16.3 13.3 12.1 11.4 11.0 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.2 10.0 9.89 9.72 9.55 9.38 9.24 9.02

6 13.7 10.9 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87 7.72 7.56 7.40 7.23 7.09 6.88
7 12.2 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62 6 .47 6.31 6.16 5.99 5.86 5.65
8 11.3 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81 5 .67 5.52 5.36 5.20 5.07 4.86
9 10.6 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26 5 .11 4.96 4.81 4.65 4.52 4.31
10 10.0 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85 4.71 4.56 4.41 4.25 4.12 3.91

11 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63 4.54 4 .40 4.25 4.10 3.94 3.81 3.60
12 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30 4 .16 4.01 3.86 3.70 3.57 3.36
13 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10 3 .96 3.82 3.66 3.51 3.38 3.17
14 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.04 4.69 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94 3 .80 3.66 3.51 3.35 3.22 3.00
15 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80 3 .67 3.52 3.37 3.21 3.08 2.87

16 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.69 3 .55 3.41 3.26 3.10 2.97 2.75
17 8.40 6.11 5.18 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68 3.59 3 .46 3.31 3.16 3.00 2.87 2.65
18 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.84 3.71 3.60 3.51 3 .37 3.23 3.08 2.92 2.78 2.57
19 8.18 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.52 3.43 3 .30 3.15 3.00 2.84 2.71 2.49
20 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37 3 .23 3.09 2.94 2.78 2.64 2.42

21 8.02 5.78 4.87 4.37 4.04 3.81 3.64 3.51 3.40 3.31 3 .17 3.03 2.88 2.72 2.58 2.36
22 7.95 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.59 3.45 3.35 3.26 3 .12 2.98 2.83 2.67 2.53 2.31
23 7.88 5.66 4.76 4.26 3.94 3.71 3.54 3.41 3.30 3.21 3 .07 2.93 2.78 2.62 2.48 2.26
24 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.50 3.36 3.26 3.17 3 .03 2.89 2.74 2.58 2.44 2.21
25 7.77 5.57 4.68 4.18 3.85 3.63 3.46 3.32 3.22 3.13 2 .99 2.85 2.70 2.54 2.40 2.17

30 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07 2.98 2 .84 2.70 2.55 2.39 2.25 2.01
35 7.42 5.27 4.40 3.91 3.59 3.37 3.20 3.07 2.96 2.88 2 .74 2.60 2.44 2.28 2.14 1.89
40 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80 2 .66 2.52 2.37 2.20 2.06 1.80
45 7.23 5.11 4.25 3.77 3.45 3.23 3.07 2.94 2.83 2.74 2 .61 2.46 2.31 2.14 2.00 1.74
50 7.17 5.06 4.20 3.72 3.41 3.19 3.02 2.89 2.78 2.70 2 .56 2.42 2.27 2.10 1.95 1.68
60 7.08 4.98 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.95 2.82 2.72 2.63 2 .50 2.35 2.20 2.03 1.88 1.60
80 6.96 4.88 4.04 3.56 3.26 3.04 2.87 2.74 2.64 2.55 2 .42 2.27 2.12 1.94 1.79 1.49
100 6.90 4.82 3.98 3.51 3.21 2.99 2.82 2.69 2.59 2.50 2.37 2.22 2.07 1.89 1.74 1.43
120 6.85 4.79 3.95 3.48 3.17 2.96 2.79 2.66 2.56 2.47 2.34 2.19 2.03 1.86 1.70 1.38
∞ 6.63 4.61 3.78 3.32 3.02 2.80 2.64 2.51 2.41 2.32 2.18 2.04 1.88 1.70 1.52 1.00
An entry in the table is the quantile qν 1 ,ν 2 (α), where α is the indicated area
under the curve and ν 1 and ν 2 are the degrees of freedom of the numerator
and of the denominator, respectively.