MCQ 18civ59 1st IA

Department of Civil Engineering
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES [18CIV59]

MODULE – 1 ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITY
1. The natural place of an organism or community is known as

1. Niche
2. Biome
3. Habitat
4. Habit
2. Which is the renewable exhaustible natural energy resource?

1. Coal
2. Petroleum
3. Kerosene
4. Biomass
3. According to Shelford’s Law of Tolerance, the organisms wide environmental factor

tolerance limit show
1. Narrow distribution with low population size
2. Wide distribution with high population size
3. Narrow distribution with high population size
4. Wide distribution with low population size
4. Plants growing under direct sunlight are known as

1. Heliophytes
2. Sciophytes
3. Psamophytes
4. Dicots
5. Plants growing under shade are known as

1. Psamophytes
2. Sciophytes
3. Heliophytes
4. Monocots
6. An orchid living on a tree exhibit

1. Predator
2. Mutualism
3. Commensalism
4. Parasitic
7. Which statement is correct with respect to the food chain?

1. Every component of food chain forms trophic level
2. Inter-relation between different food chains is known as a food web
3. All the chains formed by nutritional relations is used to understand energy flow.
4. All of the above
8. The process of vernalization is practised in

1. Cold countries
2. Hot countries
3. Only in sub-tropical countries
4. Only in tropical countries
9. Which of the following requires maximum energy?

1. Secondary consumer
2. Decomposer
3. Primary consumer
4. Primary producer
10. The bottom area where production is less than respiration in a pond ecosystem is
termed as
1. Profundal zone
2. Tidal zone
3. Benthic zone
4. Limnetic zone
11. Which is not the characteristic of ‘r’ selected species?

1. Reproduce quickly
2. Parental care
3. A low survival rate of progenies
4. Produce a large number of progenies
12. Which is not the characteristic of a population?

1. Natality
2. Mortality
3. Stratification
4. Sex ratio
13. Lincoln index measures

1. Population mortality rate
2. Population natality rate
3. Population size
4. Population density
14. Allelopathy refers to

1. Inhibition of growth of one species by another by the production of toxins
2. Inhibition of sporulation of pathogen by the host
3. Altering the reproductive cycle of one organism by another
4. Inhibition of growth of one species by another by preventing reproduction
15. The ratio between energy flow at different points in a food chain is known as
1. Ecological capacity
2. Ecological efficiency
3. Ecological assimilation
4. Ecological potential
16. The ability of a population to increase under ideal environmental conditions is called
1. Natality
2. Carrying capacity
3. Biotic potential
4. Absolute natality
17. In an ecosystem, the energy flow is always

1. Always unidirectional
2. Always bidirectional
3. In any direction
4. Always down directional
18. In thermal stratification, the middle region which shows vertical temperature
change is called
1. Mesolimnion
2. Epilimnion
3. Metalimnion
4. Hypolimnion
19. Select a non-denitrifying bacteria

5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
6. Thiobacillus
7. Thiobacillus denitrificans
8. Bacillus ramosus
20. Which one is a ‘K’ selected species?

1. Aspergillus
2. Human
3. Taraxacum
4. Grass
21. All species of Lemur are endemic to which area?

1. Madagascar
2. Seychelles Island
3. Galapagos Island
4. New Caledonia
22. The upper part of an aquatic ecosystem contains

1. Nekton
2. Plankton
3. Benthos
4. both (1) and (2)
23. What type of food chain is it?

dead animals → blowfly maggot → maggots → frog → snake
1. Detrital food chain
2. Decomposer food chain
3. Predator food chain
4. Grazing food chain
24. Identify the mismatched pair

1. Tundra – Permafrost
2. Savanna – Acacia trees
3. Prairie – Epiphytes
4. Coniferous forest – Evergreen trees
25. “The pyramid of energy is always upright” states that

1. The energy conversion efficiency of herbivores is better than carnivores
2. The energy conversion efficiency of carnivores is better than herbivores
3. Producers have the lowest energy conversion efficiency
4. Energy conversion efficiency is the same in all trophic levels.
26. The population of birds declined in an area where DDT was extensively used. Why?
1. The birds stopped laying eggs
2. The eggs laid by the birds did not hatch
3. The snakes ate the eggs
4. The DDT spray killed all the birds
27. Which of the following lake zones has phytoplanktons in abundance?

1. Littoral zone
2. Benthic zone
3. Limnetic zone
4. Profundal zone
28. Plant species with a wide range of genetic distribution evolve into a local population
known as
1. Ecotype
2. Population
3. Ecosystem
4. Biome
29. dB is the abbreviation used for the quantitative expression of

1. Density of bacteria in a medium
2. A Particular Pollutant
3. Dominant Bacillus in a culture
4. A pesticide
30. The eggshell of birds becomes thin by the pollution from pesticides due to the
interference in the activity of
1. Calmodulin
2. MgATPase
3. CaATPase
4. Calcium
31. Genetically different population with the same physical features is known as
____________
a) Ecosystem
b) Ecads
c) Community
d) Ecotype
32. Name the group of species which exploit the abiotic and biotic resources in a similar
way?
a) Guild
b) Ecads
c) Biomes
d) Community
33. Who proposed the term ecosystem?

a) Grinnel
b) Turesson
c) A.G. Tansley
d) Lindeman
34. Name the organisms that manufacture organic compounds from simple inorganic
compounds without using sunlight?
a) Detrivores
b) Organotrophs
c) Phototrophs
d) Chemotrophs
35. Which of the following organism eats feces?

a) Fungus
b) Bacteria
c) Earthworm
d) Dung beetle
36. Which of the following type of productivity counts the total fixation of energy by
photosynthesis?
a) Secondary productivity
b) Primary productivity
c) NPP
d) GPP
37. Hekistotherm vegetation is found in which of the following region?

a) High temperature
b) Very low temperature
c) High temperature with an alternating low temperature
d) Low temperature
38. A single bacterium in the soil interacts with
A) The water
(B) Air
(C) Particles of soil around it
(D) All of the above
39. The region of earth, where life exists is known as

(A) Atmosphere
(B) Biosphere
(C) Lithosphere
(D) Hydrosphere
40. In the biosphere energy is received from

(A) The Sun
(B) The interior of the earth
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Work
41. The Biosphere consists of the following

(A) Lakes
(B) Soils
(C) Solid sediments
42. In which of the following form(s), the waster products are discharged into the
biosphere?
(A) Gaseous
(B) Liquid
(C) Solid
43. Ecosystem is smallest unit of

(A) Ionosphere
(B) Lithosphere
(C) Biosphere
(D) Mesosphere
44. Energy _____ in an Ecosystem.

(A) is released
(B) is absorbed
(C) flows
(D) None of the above
45. The set of ecosystems is called a

(A) Biome
(B) Climate
(C) Subsystem
(D) Structure
46. The following is an example of Terrestrial Biome

(A) Tropical rain forest
(B) Rivers
(C) Streams
47. Terrestrial biomes has a rapid exchange of

(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Oxygen
(C) Water
48. The following is an example of lotic biome
A) Rivers
(B) Lakes
(C) Oceans
49. The following is an example of lentic biome

(A) Rivers
(B) Lakes
(C) Oceans
50. The following is an example of marine biome

(A) Rivers
(B) Lakes
(C) Oceans
51. The smallest artificial ecosystems that have been known to sustain life over a long
period of time are
(A) Folsom bottles
(B) Folsom pond
(C) Folsom stream
52. Ecosysems rely on the following major sources of energy

(A) Sun
(B) Chemical or Nuclear fuels
53. The following type of ecosystems have a low productivity or capacity to do work
(A) Unsubsidized Natural Solar powered ecosystems
(B) Naturally Subsidized Solar powered ecosystems
(C) Man Subsidized Solar powered ecosystems
(D) Fuel powered ecosystems
54. The following type of ecosystems have high energy input

55. Industrial parks are examples of

56. A coastal estuary is an example of
57. Agriculture and Aquaculture are examples of
A) Unsubsidized Natural Solar powered ecosystems
58. The following type of ecosystem is of utmost importance from human point of view
A) Unsubsidized Natural Solar powered ecosystems
59. In which of the following ecosystems large volumes of air are purified?
60. Every Ecosystem has ___ major component(s).

(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
61.The following is (are) Abiotic components of the ecosystem.

(A) Soil
(B) Carbon
(C) Protein
62. Humus is _____ factor of an Ecosystem.
(A) Physical
(B) Chemical
D) None of the above
63. The following is (are) Producer(s)

(A) Algae
(B) Green plants
(C) Photosynthetic bacteria
64. The autotrops

(A) are self nourishing organisms
(B) derive energy from sunlight
(C) make organic compounds from inorganic compounds
65. Autotropic components are

(A) Producers
(B) Consumers
(C) Decomposers
66. ______ are Primary consumers.
(A) Herbivores
(B) Carnivores
(C) Omnivores
67. The following are dependent on others for food

(A) Autotrops
(B) Heterotrops
68. ______ are Secondary consumers.
(A) Herbivores
(B) Carnivores
(C) Omnivores
69. The following have vegetarian as well as non-vegetarian diet
(A) Herbivores
(B) Carnivores
(C) Omnivores
70. The following is(are) micro-consumers
(A) Bacteria
(B) Fungi
(C) Flagellates
71. Heterotropic components are
(A) Producers
(B) Consumers
(C) Decomposers
72. Grasshopper is a
(A) Herbivore
(B) Carnivore
(C) Omnivore
73. Snake is a
(A) Primary consumer
(B) Secondary consumers
(C) Tertiary consumers
(D) Quaternary consumers
74. The following is a Secondary consumer

(A) Goat
(B) Lizard
(C) Wolf
(D) Lion
75. The simple inorganic substances released into environment by the decomposers and
then reused by the ______ .
(A) Producers
(B) Consumers
76. In a pond, insects and small fishes are
(A) Primary Micro-consumers
(B) Secondary consumers
(C) Tertiary consumers
77. In the process of Photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to transform sunlight into
_____ energy.
(A) Heat
(B) Chemical
(C) Light

78. Of the solar radiation that does reach the earth’s surface (incident energy), about
____ % is ultraviolet.
A) 10
(B) 20
(C) 30
(D) 40
79. The following is the correct grazing food chain
(A) Grass – Grasshopper – Frog – Snake – Hawk
(B) Grass – Frog – Grasshopper– Snake – Hawk
(C) Grass – Grasshopper – Frog – Hawk – Snake
(D) Grass – Grasshopper – Snake – Frog – Hawk
80. Carnivores are at
(A) First trophic level
(B) Second trophic level
(C) Third trophic level
(D) Fourth trophic level
81. Which of the following is not a type of Ecological pyramid?
(A) The Pyramid of Numbers
(B) The Pyramid of Biomass
(C) The Pyramid of Energy
(D) The Pyramid of Food
82. The Pyramid of Biomass is based on

(A) The total dry weight
(B) Calorific value
(C) Total amount of living material
83. The following is (are) the cause(s) for Ecological succession.

(A) Biotic causes
(B) Climatic causes
C) Continuing causes
84. The following succession are visible on sea-coasts
(A) Sand dune succession
(B) Bog succession
(C) Succession in Oceans
85. In Desert Ecosystem, Shrubs or Bushes are

(A) Producer organisms
(B) Consumers
(C) Decomposers
86. An estuary
(A) is rich in nutrients
(B) usually support an abundance of fish
(C) is area where river join the sea/ocean
(D) all of the above
87. The following is not a type of Ecosystem.
(A) Grassland Ecosystem
(B) Aquatic Ecosystem
(C) Desert Ecosystem
(D) Mountain Ecosystem

88. Ecosystem may be defined as
1. A species along with environment

2. Plants found in water
3. Plants found on land
4. Call plants and animals species along with environment
89. A pond / lake is
1. A biome
2. Unnatural ecosystem
3. An artificial ecosystem
4. Community of plants and animals only
90. Biome is
1. The fauna of an ocean
2. The Flora of land
3. Communities of organisms interacting with one another
4. The part of the earth and its atmosphere which is inhabited by living organisms
91. Grassland biome for its maintenance requires
1. Periodic fire
2. Intensive grazing
3. Mowing
4. All the above
92. Primary consumers in the detritus food chain are
1. Herbivorous
2. Bacteria and fungi
3. Insect Larva, nematodes
4. All the above
93. Total organic matter present in an ecosystem is called
1. Biomass
2. Biome
3. Litter
4. Food
94. Detritus food chain in comparison to grazing food chain is
1. Generally longer
2. Generally equal
3. Generally shorter
4. None of these
95. Putrefying organisms are
1. Producer organisms
2. Reducer organisms
3. Consumer organisms
4. Parasitic organisms
96. The most important organisms for an ecosystem are
1. Herbivorous
2. Carnivorous
3. Green plants
4. Protozoa
97. A peacock eats snakes which eat frog these eat hoppers which in turn thrive on
leaves of the plants, the peacock is
1. Primary consumer
2. Secondary consumer
3. Decomposer
4. Apex of the food pyramid
98. A food chain is
1. Group of organisms which eat the same type of food
2. Animals eating animals eating
3. Series of plants / animals which are interrelated in the form of organisms being
eaten as food by the other
4. None of these
99. A food chain consists of
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
4. Producers and Consumers
100. Trophic leaves in a food chain are formed by
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
4. All the above
101. Food chain always starts with

1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Decay
102. Primary consumers are
1. Green plants
2. Herbivorous
3. Carnivorous
4. All the above
103. Secondary consumers are
1. Green plants
2. Herbivorous
3. Carnivorous
4. All the above
104. Which of the food chain directly depends on solar radiations?
1. Predator
2. Grazing
3. Detritus
4. None of these
105. Producers in any grazing food chain
1. Feed the herbivorous
2. Feed the carnivorous
3. Clean the atmosphere
4. Capture solar energy
106. Converters or transducers organisms in the food chain are called

1. Herbivorous
2. Carnivorous
3. Decomposers
4. Producers
107. Biological equilibrium is an equilibrium among the

1. Producers
2. Producers and consumers
3. Decomposers
4. Producers consumers and decomposers
108. Trophic level in a food chain which cycles the various materials between
environment and living organisms is constituted by
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
4. All the above
109. Food web is constituted by

1. Various interlinked food chains in a community
2. Relationship between animals and plants
3. Relationship between organisms and their environment
4. Relationship between animals, plants and microbes

110. How many biogeographic does India have?
1. 5
2. 6
3. 8
4. 10
111. Lime is generally added to _____ soil

1. Salty
2. Dry
3. Alkaline
4. Acidic
112. _______ has the maximum genetic diversity in India

1. Potato
2. Tea
3. Mango
4. Teak
113. _________ is one of the most prevalent hotspots of biodiversity in India

1. Himalayas
2. Western Ghats
3. Ganges
4. None of the above
114. Galápagos finches are a good example of ____________

1. Extinction
2. Heterochromia
3. Island gigantism
4. Adaptive radiation
115. ______ is one of the least porous soils

1. Peat Soil
2. Loam
3. Clayey soil
116. ___________ is a non-renewable resource

1. Crude oil
2. Uranium
3. Hot spring
4. Silica
117. __________ is an example of an ex-situ conservation.

1. Sacred groves
2. Wildlife sanctuary
3. Seed bank
4. National park
118. __________ is not generally seen in biodiversity hotspots.

1. Endemism
2. Species richness
3. Loss of diversity
4. Lesser interspecific competition.
119. ___________ occurs when the death of the last individual in a species occurs.
1. Adaptation
2. Phylogenic diversity
3. Speciation
4. Extinction
120. ____________ is defined as an ecological state of a species being unique to a specific

geographic location.
1. Exotic species
2. Endemic species
3. Ecosystem
121._________ is the forest cover to be maintained as per the National Forest Policy
(1988)
1. 67% for hills & 33% for plains
122. ___________ is defined as the number of species represented in a specific region,

landscape or an ecological community.
1. Coevolution
2. Commensalism
3. Species richness
4. Population density
123. Global warming can significantly be controlled by _____________

1. Increasing solid waste
2. Reducing water wastage
3. Burning human-generated waste
4. Reducing fossil fuel consumption
124. _______ is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank

1. Species
2. Genus
3. Class
4. Order
125. Which of the following animals is now extinct?

1. Tasmanian tiger
2. Tasmanian devil
3. Pademelon
4. Quoll
126. Which of the following organisation is responsible for maintaining the Red Data Book?
(a) IDRI
(b) IUCN
(c) UNESCO
(d) USDA
127. From his long term ecosystem experiments, David Tilman showed that
(a) decreased diversity contributed to higher productivity
(b) decreased diversity contributed to decreased productivity
(c) increased diversity contributed to increased productivity
(d) increased diversity contributed to decreased productivity
128. Which among the following is not a method of in-situ conservation?

(a) National Park
(b) Botanical garden
(c) Wildlife sanctuary
(d) Ramsar sites
129. The World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) was held in

(a) Brazil
(b) South Africa
(c) Sweden
(d) Argentina
130. The most important cause of extinction of animals and plants, especially in tropical rain
forests is
(a) habitat loss
(b) afforestation
(c) pollution
(d) soil erosion
131. The enormous number of varieties of mango in India represents

(a) genetic diversity
(b) species diversity 1
(c) ecological diversity
(d) hybridisation programmes
132. Which one of the following is not a major characteristic feature of biodiversity hot
spots? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Large number of species
(b) Abundance of endemic species
(c) Large number of exotic species
(d) Destruction of habitat
133. Which of the following is not a cause for loss of biodiversity? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Destruction of habitat
(b) Invasion by alien species
(c) Keeping animals in zoological parks
(d) Over-exploitation of natural resources
134. The extinction of passenger pigeon was due to [NCERT Exemplar]

(a) increased number of predatory birds.
(b) over exploitation by humans.
(c) non-availability of the food.
(d) bird flu virus infection.
135. Which of the below mentioned regions exhibit less seasonal variations? [NCERT
Exemplar]
(a) Tropics
(b) Temperates
(c) Alpines
(d) Both (a) & (b)
136. Which of the following is the most abundant Green House Gas (GHG) in the
earth’s atmosphere?
A. Nitrogen Dioxide
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Water Vapour
D. Sulphur Dioxide
137. Which one of the following is not used for Ex-situ plant conservation?
A Seed banks
B. Field gene banks
C. Shifting cultivation
D. Botanical Gardens
138. Which of the following represent maximum number of species among global
biodiversity?
A. Ferns
B. Lichens
C. Algae
D. Fungi
139. Veld type grasslands are located at?

A. South Africa
B. South America
C. Australia
D. Britain
140. Which national park is famous for having Great Indian one Horned Rhino?
A. Raja ji National Park
B. Jim Corbet National Park
C. Bandipur National Park

D. Kajiranga National Park
141. Which of the following region is a native place of the species of Yak (ox) and the
Bharal?
A. Uttarakhand
B. Himachal Pradesh
C. Tamilnadu
D. Ladakh
142. Which of the following is the natural habitat of the Indian lion?
A. Gir forest
B. Sunderban delta
C. Okhla Park
D. None of the above
143. In which of the following places Royal Bengal Tiger found?

A. Gir forest
B. Sunderban delta
C. Godawari Delta
D. Mahanadi Delta

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Department of Civil Engineering

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES [18CIV59]

1. The natural place of an organism or community is known as

2. Which is the renewable exhaustible natural energy resource?

3. According to Shelford’s Law of Tolerance, the organisms wide environmental factor

4. Plants growing under direct sunlight are known as

5. Plants growing under shade are known as

6. An orchid living on a tree exhibit

7. Which statement is correct with respect to the food chain?

8. The process of vernalization is practised in

9. Which of the following requires maximum energy?

11. Which is not the characteristic of ‘r’ selected species?

12. Which is not the characteristic of a population?

13. Lincoln index measures

14. Allelopathy refers to

17. In an ecosystem, the energy flow is always

19. Select a non-denitrifying bacteria

20. Which one is a ‘K’ selected species?

21. All species of Lemur are endemic to which area?

22. The upper part of an aquatic ecosystem contains

23. What type of food chain is it?

24. Identify the mismatched pair

25. “The pyramid of energy is always upright” states that

27. Which of the following lake zones has phytoplanktons in abundance?

29. dB is the abbreviation used for the quantitative expression of

33. Who proposed the term ecosystem?

35. Which of the following organism eats feces?

37. Hekistotherm vegetation is found in which of the following region?

(C) Particles of soil around it

(D) All of the above

39. The region of earth, where life exists is known as

40. In the biosphere energy is received from

(B) The interior of the earth

(C) Both (A) and (B)

41. The Biosphere consists of the following

(C) Solid sediments

(D) All of the above

(D) All of the above

43. Ecosystem is smallest unit of

44. Energy _____ in an Ecosystem.

(D) None of the above

45. The set of ecosystems is called a

46. The following is an example of Terrestrial Biome

(D) All of the above

47. Terrestrial biomes has a rapid exchange of

(D) All of the above

48. The following is an example of lotic biome

(D) All of the above

49. The following is an example of lentic biome

50. The following is an example of marine biome

(D) All of the above

(B) Folsom pond

(C) Folsom stream

(D) None of the above

52. Ecosysems rely on the following major sources of energy

(B) Chemical or Nuclear fuels

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) None of the above