Grade

10

TLE-ICT
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
EXPLORATORY COURSE – MODULE 5
Quarter 1

The Computer System

Introduction
The hand is one of the most symbolic part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
.

Lesson The Computer System

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I. Computers in a Changing World

Many scientific and technological advances mark the beginning of the twentieth
century. These advances include inventions such as airplane, television, and most
especially the computer. Computers are changing our lives, they are sweeping away the
old ways of doing things with their superb speed and reliability.
As many of today’s basic functions are being simplified by technology, computers
have been on the forefront in developing innovations through its many functions.
In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills in computer servicing is the
start and most fundamental of all.

Years ago… Today…

We use calculator to compute. It takes We use computers to solve billions of
some time to solve huge amount of math problems.
numbers.
We use landline telephone to call our We use mobile phones to call anyone
friend. anywhere.

We send our mails through post office. We send messages through the
It takes several days to received. computer. It takes only a few seconds
before they are received.

We go to the library to look for We search information on the internet.

information in books.

Computer and Its Types

A computer is an electronic machine that processes and stores information. It takes

in raw information using input devices, stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed
in the processing unit and sends out results using output devices.

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 www.google.com

Computers are classified into four (4) different types based on its processing
power and size:

THE TYPES OF COMPUTERS

1. Supercomputer is the fastest and most powerful computer in terms of performance and
data processing. It uses its power to run one program at a time.

Used in:
• Research and exploration
• Weather forecasting
• Nuclear weapon testing

2. Mainframe computer is not as powerful as the supercomputer. It is designed to run

multiple programs concurrently. It is commonly used in:
• Banks
• Educational Institution
• Insurance companies

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3. Minicomputer, also known as “Midrange” computer fill the space between the
mainframe and microcomputer. It is smaller than Supercomputer or Mainframe computer
but bigger and more powerful than the microcomputer. They are generally used as mid-
range servers.

Some of its uses are as:

• Data Management device
• Communications Portal
• Process Control

4. Microcomputer is the most widely used computer – desktop, laptops, tablets, and
smartphones. It is the cheapest among the different classes of computers. This computer
is design for general usage such as entertainment, education and work purposes.

Basic Parts of a Computer System

www.google.com

II. The Elements of Computer System

A computer system is a collection of entities that are designed to receive,
process, manage, and present information in a meaningful format. It has 3 elements
that will make a computer really useful.

Elements of a Computer
System

Hardware Software Peopleware

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 1. Hardware refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices which
provides support for major functions such as input, process, output and storage.
Components of Computer
Hardware
Input Output
Device Device
Process Storage
Device Device
A. INPUT DEVICES are composed of a device that accepts data and instructions from
the user or from another computer system.

Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone

www.google.com

A.1. Keyboard: A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters

and functions into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the
primary device used to enter text.
A.2. Mouse: The mouse is another input device used to point and select objects on the
computer monitor. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination allows the
computer user substantial latitude in how to accomplish a wide variety of tasks.
A.3. Scanner: A scanner is use to capture a source document and converts printed data
or images into an electronic data format that a computer can store or process as
required.
A.4. Microphone: Microphone is used to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.
It is used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia
presentation or for mixing music
B. OUTPUT DEVICE is any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the
computer has processed the input data that has been entered.

Monitor Printer Speaker Projector

www.google.com

B.1. Monitor: A monitor is an electronic visual computer display that includes a

screen, circuitry, and the case in which that circuitry is enclosed.
B.2. Printer: The printer is a device use to print texts and pictures.
B.3. Speaker: A computer speaker is an output hardware device that produces sound.

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 B.4. Projector: A projector is an output device that projects an image onto a large
surface, such as a white screen or wall
C. PROCESS DEVICE is the computer’s circuitry in the system unit. It plays an important
role in processing operations. It is used to process data, using instructions from the
program.

C.1. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board – is the main circuit board of a

computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.
C.2. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of
a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed
and manages the flow of information through a computer.
C.3. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only
when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
C.4. Video Card/GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) - also called a display card,
graphics card, display adapter, or graphics adapter is an expansion card which
generates a feed of output images to a display device (such as a computer monitor).

SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a
desktop computer. It encloses the motherboard, CPU, RAM, video card, and other internal
components.

www.google.com

Other Internal Components of the System Unit

a. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 220/110vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are
used by other components in the PC.
b. Heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) - is a passive heat exchanger that transfers
the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or
a liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing regulation of
the device's temperature.
c. Optical Drive - An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the
optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile
Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

D. STORAGE DEVICE stores data and programs. These hold data, information, and programs
permanently.

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 d.1 Magnetic Storage d.2 Optical Storage d.3 Flash Memory

Hard Disk Drive Blu-ray Solid Staate Drive

CD Memory Card
Floppy Disk DVD USB Flash Drive

D.1. Magnetic Storage

D.1.1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - also known as hard drive, is a

magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The
hard drive is used as permanent storage for data.

www.google.com
D.1.2. Floppy Disk - is a removable data storage magnetic
medium that housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5
inches square and about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-inch
diskette," it can store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.

D.2. Optical Storage

D.2.1. BD (Blu-ray Disc) – is simply called as Blu-Ray, a digital

optical disc data storage format. It was designed to supersede the
DVD format, and is capable of storing several hours of video in high
definition.

D.2.2. CD (Compact Disc) - also called optical disc is a

nonmagnetic, polished metal disk used to store digital information.
The disc is read by the CD- ROM.

D.2.3. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) - an optical disc technology

with a 4.7 gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered
disk, which is enough for a 133-minute movie.

D.3. Flash Memory www.google.com

D.3.1. Solid State Drive – is a storage medium that uses non-

volatile memory.

D.3.2. Memory Card – is a solid-state electronic flash memory

data storage device used with digital cameras, handheld and
tablet/mobile computers and other electronics

D.3.3. USB flash drive - is a plug-and-play portable storage device

that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a
key chain. A USB drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip
drive disk, or CD.

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2. Software – this term refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tells the computer
what to do. It is a computer program that is installed in your computer. The diagram below
shows the classification of software.

Software

System Application
Software Software

Operating Utility
System Programs

III. Kinds of Computer Software

A. System Software coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and software. It
controls the operations of computer hardware and provides an environment or platform for
all the other types of software to work in. It is the most basic type of software in any
computer system, which is essential for other programs, applications and the whole
computer system to function.
A.1. Operating System – is the program that, after being initially loaded into computer by
a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer.
Examples– Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu

www.google.com

A.2. Utility Programs – are small, powerful programs with a limited capability, they are
usually operated by the user to maintain a smooth running of the computer system.

B. Application Software is a computer program that performs a specific task.

(Application software examples – MS Office, OpenOffice, Media Players, MS Access,
educational software, media development software, Antivirus software,
etc.)

www.google.com

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 3. Peopleware – the most important element of a computer system is its users. The following
types of people interact with a computer system:
a. System Analysts - are people who design the operation and processing of the system
b. System Programmers – are people who write codes and programs to implement the
working of the system.
c. System Operators – are people who operate the system and use it for different
purposes. Also called the end users like students, teachers, and other professionals.

IV. HOW THE COMPUTER WORKS

Data are raw facts about things, events, or activities that are captured, recorded, and
stored on the computer. These can be in the form of words, numbers, or pictures.

Data become information when these have been arranged or organized to be of use
and to have meaning to the user.

INPUT – in this step, data are entered into the computer through input devices, such as
keyboard and mouse.
PROCESS – is the computer’s method of analyzing, managing, or manipulating data. The
data entered into the computer undergo changes. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
directs the operation of the input and output devices to create the needed information.
OUTPUT – You get the output once the computer is finished processing the data. It could
be displayed on the monitor, printed on paper, or heard through speakers.
STORAGE – The processed data are kept for future use. We use Hard Disk Drive to store
the information.

www.google.com

Common Computer Applications Used in Performing Computer Related Duties

1. Microsoft Office Application – is a package application developed by Microsoft and is

intended to be used in offices and schools.
a. MS Word – A word processing application used for
creating documents such as letters, brochures, activity
programs, and learning activities.

b. MS Excel – is a spreadsheet program ideal for entering,

calculating, and analyzing numeric data such as sales
figures, sales taxes, and students’ grades.

b. MS PowerPoint – is a presentation tool that uses

graphical approach to presentation in the form of
slides. Its primary function is to help a presenter deliver
its presentation effectively.

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2. Photo Editing Software – is commonly used in editing and enhancing photos that would
give you an excellent output.

3. Video Editing Software – is used to edit movies or video clips.

www.google.com

4. Web Browsers – is an application used to access information on the World Wide Web.
Web browsers interpret and display HTML web pages, applications, JavaScript, and other
content hosted on web servers in the form of text, pictures, audio, and video.

Search Engine is a program that enables the users to search for documents or information
on the World Wide Web.

How to search information on the World Wide Web?

1. Click a browser that you want to use – Chrome, Firefox or Edge
2. Type the search engine that you want to use in the web browser’s URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) and press the Enter key.

Address bar
Bookmark

Search tab

*To bookmark a page, just click the star icon on the right side of the browser
Use the search tab or the address bar of your search engine to find information on the web.
When searching for an information on the web, the results are categorized – All, Images,
Videos, Maps, News, More,

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Activity 1: Am I Right?
Directions: Read the statements carefully then write TRUE if the statement is correct and
write FALSE if it is wrong.
_______ 1. Computers are changing our lives.
_______ 2. In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills in computer servicing is
the start and most fundamental of all.
_______ 3. A computer is a mechanical machine that processes information.
_______ 4. The computer system is a collection of entities like hardware, software and
electricity.
_______ 5. Hardware refers to the physical and tangible computer equipment.
_______ 6. Output device accepts data and instructions from the user.
_______ 7. Microphone is one of the output devices of the computer.
_______ 8. A projector is an input device.
_______ 9. The system unit is the main part of a desktop computer.
_______10. CPU is an acronym for Central Processing Unit.

Activity 2 : Classification
Directions: Classify the following devices. Write ID for input device, PD for process device,
OD for output device and SD for storage device.
___________ 1. Mouse ___________ 6. Hard Disk Drive
___________ 2. Printer ___________ 7. Keyboard
___________ 3. Monitor ___________ 8. SSD
___________ 4. USB Flash Drive ___________ 9. Scanner
___________ 5. Speaker ___________ 10. GPU

Activity 3: Name Game

Directions: Name the following computer hardware & software.

____________________

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 ____________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

Activity 4: Identifying Software

Directions: Identify all the computer software that you need for the following entrepreneurial
activities. Refer your answer from the items in the box below.

Microsoft Office 2013/2016/365 Adobe Premiere/Sony Vegas

Microsoft Edge Chrome / Firefox AutoCAD (Computer Aided Design)
Kaspersky / Norton / McAfee Solid Works (3D Designing)
Amazon, eBay (Online Stores) Python, C++ (Coding Software)
Adobe Photoshop / GIMP

• 1.
• 2.
Computer Dealer • 3.
• 4.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
Wedding
Videography and
• 4.
Photography Shop
• 5.
• 6.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
Engineering and
Construction Firm • 4.
• 5.
• 6.

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Name: _____________________________ Date: __________
Grade/Section: ______________________ Score: _________

SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

Test I. Multiple Choice

Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. The numbers, letters, and symbols that you enter into the computer are called _______.
A. Data B. Knowledge C. Facts D. Information
2. The computer takes data and works on them. This is called _________
A. Input B. Output C. Processing D. Storage
3. The part of the computer that processes data is the _______________
A. Mouse B. Keyboard C. Printer D. CPU
4. When the computer finished processing data. You get _____________
A. Input B. Output C. Data D. Numbers
5. Information produced by the computer can be stored on ____________
A. Hard Disk B. Monitor C. Mouse D. Keyboard
6. ___________ is an electronic machine that processes information.
A. Computer B. Motherboard C. Video Card D. Peopleware
7. ____________ is the main circuitry board of the computer.
A. Keyboard B. Motherboard C. Power Supply D. System Fan
8. ____________ is the brain of the computer.
A. CPU B. RAM C. HDD D. FDD
9. ___________ is the primary storage of the computer.
A. RAM B. CPU C. HDD D. SSD
10. An application use to access information on the World Wide Web.
A. MS Word C. Windows Defender
B. Web Browser D. Search Engine

Test II. TRUE or FALSE

Directions: Read the statements carefully then write TRUE if the statement is correct and
write FALSE if it is incorrect.
_______1. In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills in computer servicing is the
start and most fundamental of all.
_______2. The computer system is a collection of entities like hardware, software and
electricity.
_______3. The system unit is the main part of a desktop computer.
_______4. Software refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tells the computer
what to do.
_______5. Make sure the pins are misaligned when connecting a cable connector.

Test III. Essay:

Directions: Differentiate Hardware system from Software System (10 points)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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REFERENCES:

BOOKS
Clifford P. Esteban, The Amazing World of Computers 4 Second Edition, Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City

Clifford P. Esteban, The Amazing World of Computers 3 Second Edition, Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum-Technology and Livelihood Education Learning

Module-Computer Hardware Servicing-RONALDO V. ROMULO and DEOVER M. PASCO

Intel Easy Steps A Digital Literacy Program Activity Book, Intel Corporation

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
______________________________________________________________
http://www.kekdafni.gr/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ICT-MODULES-OVERVIEW.pdf

https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/c/computer

https://www.academia.edu/34890204/._CBLM_Perform_Computer

https://sites.google.com/site/fixurpc1974/common/pc-operations

https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+of+the+computer+parts&source=lnms&tbm=i
sch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU4fC9-
pLqAhVSPHAKHf4ICbMQ_AUoAXoECBIQAw&biw=1280&bih=610#imgrc=TuPFGHuiYyq
ScM

https://www.scribd.com/document/380828448/lm-chs-140627062037-phpapp01

https://theictbook.com/components-of-the-system-unit-and-their-functions/

https://www.e-tesda.gov.ph/course/view.php?id=81
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/basic-parts-of-a-computer/1/

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