This document contains a student's responses to questions about computer graphics algorithms. It includes explanations of the drawbacks of the DDA line algorithm, steps of the Bresenham's line drawing algorithm, advantages and disadvantages of DDA, definitions of gentle and sharp slopes, steps for Bresenham's circle generation algorithm, an explanation of the mid-point circle drawing algorithm, and a statement about using 8-way symmetry to draw circles.
This document contains a student's responses to questions about computer graphics algorithms. It includes explanations of the drawbacks of the DDA line algorithm, steps of the Bresenham's line drawing algorithm, advantages and disadvantages of DDA, definitions of gentle and sharp slopes, steps for Bresenham's circle generation algorithm, an explanation of the mid-point circle drawing algorithm, and a statement about using 8-way symmetry to draw circles.
This document contains a student's responses to questions about computer graphics algorithms. It includes explanations of the drawbacks of the DDA line algorithm, steps of the Bresenham's line drawing algorithm, advantages and disadvantages of DDA, definitions of gentle and sharp slopes, steps for Bresenham's circle generation algorithm, an explanation of the mid-point circle drawing algorithm, and a statement about using 8-way symmetry to draw circles.
This document contains a student's responses to questions about computer graphics algorithms. It includes explanations of the drawbacks of the DDA line algorithm, steps of the Bresenham's line drawing algorithm, advantages and disadvantages of DDA, definitions of gentle and sharp slopes, steps for Bresenham's circle generation algorithm, an explanation of the mid-point circle drawing algorithm, and a statement about using 8-way symmetry to draw circles.
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Name : Vaibhav Arun Kokate
Roll No : C23350 Div : 3(C) Batch : S11
Subject: CGL Experiment No. 3 Questions :
1. Explain Drawbacks of DDA Line Algorithm ?
Ans : Floating point arithmetic in DDA algorithm is still time consuming.The algorithm is orientation dependent. Hence end point accuracy is poor. Although DDA is fast, the accumulation of round-off error in successive additions of floating point increment, however can cause the calculation pixel position to drift away from the true line path for long line segment. Rounding-off in DDA is time consuming. There is an extra overhead of using round off( ) function. Using round off( ) function increases time complexity of the algorithm. Resulted lines are not smooth because of round off( ) function. The points generated by this algorithm are not accurate.
2. Explain steps of Bresenham’s Line drawing algorithm.
Ans : Step1: Start Algorithm Step2: Declare variable x1, x2, y1, y2, d, i1, i2, dx, dy Step3: Enter value of x1, y1, x2, y2 Where x1, y1 are coordinates of starting point And x2, y2 are coordinates of Ending point. Step4: Calculate dx = x2-x1 Calculate dy = y2-y1 Calculate i1=2*dy Calculate i2=2*(dy-dx) Calculate d=i1-dx Step5: Consider (x, y) as starting point and xend as maximum possible value of x. If dx < 0 Then x = x2 y = y2 xend=x1 If dx > 0 Then x = x1 y = y1 xend=x2 Step6: Generate point at (x,y)coordinates. Step7: Check if whole line is generated. If x > = xend Stop Step8: Calculate co-ordinates of the next pixel If d < 0 Then d = d + i1 If d ≥ 0 Then d = d + i2 Increment y = y + 1 Step9: Increment x = x + 1 Step10: Draw a point of latest (x, y) coordinates Step11: Go to step 7 Step12: End of Algorithm.
3. Discuss DDA Advantages and Disadvantages.
Ans: Adavntages of DDA : It is a simple and easy-to-implement algorithm. It avoids using multiple operations which have high time complexities. It is faster than the direct use of the line equation because it does not use any floating point multiplication and it calculates points on the line. Disadvantages of DDA : The algorithm is orientation dependent. Hence end point accuracy is poor. Although DDA is fast, the accumulation of round-off error in successive additions of floating point increment, however can cause the calculation pixel position to drift away from the true line path for long line segment.
4. What is gentle slope and sharp slope ?
Ans: Contour lines are the line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level. When contour lines are closer to each other, then slope is called as sharp slope. When contour lines are further apart from each other, then slope is gentle slope.
5. How to Calculate Bresenham’s Circle generation ?
Ans: Step1: Start Algorithm Step2: Declare p, q, x, y, r, d variables p, q are coordinates of the center of the circle r is the radius of the circle Step3: Enter the value of r Step4: Calculate d = 3 - 2r Step5: Initialize x=0 &nbsy= r Step6: Check if the whole circle is scan converted If x > = y Stop Step7: Plot eight points by using concepts of eight-way symmetry. The center is at (p, q). Current active pixel is (x, y). putpixel (x+p, y+q) putpixel (y+p, x+q) putpixel (-y+p, x+q) putpixel (-x+p, y+q) putpixel (-x+p, -y+q) putpixel (-y+p, -x+q) putpixel (y+p, -x+q) putpixel (x+p, -y-q) Step8: Find location of next pixels to be scanned If d < 0 then d = d + 4x + 6 increment x = x + 1 If d ≥ 0 then d = d + 4 (x - y) + 10 increment x = x + 1 decrement y = y - 1 Step9: Go to step 6 Step10: Stop Algorithm.
6. Expalin mid-point circle drawing Algorithm ?
Ans: The mid-point circle drawing algorithm is an algorithm used to determine the points needed for rasterizing a circle. We use the mid-point algorithm to calculate all the perimeter points of the circle in the first octant and then print them along with their mirror points in the other octants. Algorithm: Step1: Put x =0, y =r in equation 2. We have p=1-r. Step2: Repeat steps while x ≤ y. Plot (x, y) If (p<0) Then set p = p + 2x + 3. Else. p = p + 2(x-y) +5. y =y - 1 (end if) x =x+1 (end loop) Step3: End. Output.
7. What are the 8 Symmetric points for any point (X,Y) ?
Ans: The most important thing in drawing a circle is learning how the circle is drawn using 8- way symmetry. It is based on Mirror reflection. The most important thing in drawing a circle is learning how the circle is drawn using 8-way symmetry. It is based on Mirror reflection.
