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Javascript

Javascript is one of three core web technologies, along with HTML and CSS. It allows programming of webpage behaviors and dynamic content. Javascript can select and modify both HTML elements and CSS styles. It includes variables, operators, loops, conditional statements, and functions. Common uses include pop-up boxes, timers, and event handling. Functions are declared with the function keyword and can take parameters and return values. Loops like for and while repeat code. Conditionals like if/else and switch alter program flow. Javascript interacts with users through events tied to HTML elements and browser.

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Nivedita yadav
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Javascript

Javascript is one of three core web technologies, along with HTML and CSS. It allows programming of webpage behaviors and dynamic content. Javascript can select and modify both HTML elements and CSS styles. It includes variables, operators, loops, conditional statements, and functions. Common uses include pop-up boxes, timers, and event handling. Functions are declared with the function keyword and can take parameters and return values. Loops like for and while repeat code. Conditionals like if/else and switch alter program flow. Javascript interacts with users through events tied to HTML elements and browser.

Uploaded by

Nivedita yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Javascript:

Javascript is one of the 3 languages all web developer must learn.


1) Html defines content of webpage.
2)CSS specify the layout of web page.
3) Javascript program the behaviour of web pages.

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="Hello Javascript";

javascript can change the HTMl content.


javascript can chnage the CSS Properties.
Javascript can decide what action to be performed.

How to include javascript.


<script> </script>
it can be included in <head>
or it can be included in<body>
Ex:
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="hello javascript";
</script>

Java Script Output:


javascript display possibilities.

1)Writing into an HTML element using innerHTML.

2)writing into an alert box.


ex: window.alert()

3)writing into HTML output


document.write("hello javascript");

4)writing into browser console


console.log()

Javascript Variable Declaration:


keyword 'var'
ex: var x;
var y;
var x=10,y=10,z=20;
var x=10;
var x="abc";
1) variable name should not start with number.
2)reserved words can not be used as variable name.
3) name can begin with $.
4) variables are case sensitative.

Javascript Operators:
1) Arithmetic operator:
+ additon
- subtration
* multiplication
/ division
% modulus x%10
++ Increment x++; x=x+1
-- Decrement
** raise to operation a**2

Assignment Operator:
= x=y
+= x+=y x=x+y
-= x-=y x=x-y

*=
/=
%=
<<=
>>=
<<<=
&=
^=
!=
**=

Comparison Operator:
== equal to
=== equal to value and equal to type.

x=10
y="10"
x==y true
x===y false
!=
!==
>
<
<=
>=

Logical Operator:
&& and
|| or
! not

String Operator:

+ operator is used for concatenation


var txt1="abc";
var txt2="xyz";
var txt3=txt1+" "+txt2;

Conditional(Ternary Operator)
syntax:
variablename=(condition)?value1:value2;

ex:
var voteable=(age<18)?"to young":"old enough";

bitwise operator:

& and sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1


| or sets each bit to 1 if any one of two bits is 1.
^ xor sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bit is 1.
~ not Invert all the bit.

<< zero fill left shift


shift left by pushing zeros from right and let the leftmost bits fall of
>> signed right shift
shift right by pushing copies of leftmost bit in from the left, and let right most
bits fall of

>>> Zero fill right shift


shifts right by pushing zeros in from the left and let the rightmost bits fall of

Example:

5 & 1 0101 & 0001 0001 1


5 | 1 0101 | 0001 0101 5
~5 ~0101 1010 10
5<<1 0101<<1 1010 10
5^1 0101 ^ 0001 0100 4
13>>1 1101 >> 1 1110 14
13>>>1 1101 >>> 1 0110 6

Javascript loops:
if you want the same code again and again.
1) for
2)for/in
3)for/of
4)while
5)do/while

1) for
synatx:

for(stmt1;stmt2,stmt3)
{}
ex:
var i;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
statement..
}

2) for/in
(loop through properties of any object)
var person={fname:"abc",lname:"xyz",age:25};
var text="";
var x;
for(x in person)
{
text+=person[x];
}

3) for/of loop(loop through the value of iterable objects)


var cars=['BMW','volvo','audi'];
var x;
for(x of cars)
{
document.write(x+"<br>");
}
4) while loop

syntax:
while(condition)
{
statement;
}
ex:
while(i<10)
{
text+=i;
i++;
}

5)do/while loop
do
{
statement
}while(condition);

Javascripts Conditional Statements:

break: Terminates a switch or a loop


continue: Jumps out of loop and start at the top.

if ---else:
switch:

try---catch

JAVAscript popup BOxes:

1) Alert Box
2) Confirm Box
3) Prompt Box

1) Alert Box:
An alert box is used if you want to make sure information comes through the
user.
Syntax:

window.alert("Welcome to CS");
alert("Welcome to CS");

When an alert boc pops up the user will have to click ok to proceed further.

2) Confirm Box:
Syntax:

window.confirm("do you want to submit"):


confirm("sometext");

there will be options on confirm box


Ok : True
cancel: False

3) Prompt box:
syntax:

window.prompt("ENter a number");
prompt("sometext");

ok : True
cancel: False

Javascript Functions:

syntax:

function funtion_name(parameter1,parameter2..)
{
//code to be executed
}

Function Invocation
1)when an event occure
2) invoke through javascript
3) automatically (self invoked)

Function Return:
when javascript reaches a return statement the function will stop executing

EX:
function myFunction(a,b)
{
var c= a*b;
return a*b;
}

var x=myFunction(4,3);

Javascript Events:

Common HTML Events:

onchange: An HTML element has been chnaged.

onclick: The user clicks on HTML element.

onmouseover: The user moves mouse over an HTML element.

onmouseout: the user moves mouse away from HTML ELement.

onkeydown: The user pushes keyboard key

onload: The browser has finished loading the page

Calling a Function with timer:

Timing Events:
The window object allows execution of code at specified time intervals. These
time intervals are called Timing Events.
setTimeout(function,milliseconds)
function:function to be executed
milliseconds: number of milliseconds before execution.
Execute a function after waiting sepecified number of milliseconds.

var myvar=setInterval(function, milliseconds)


same as setTimeout(), but repeat the execution of the function continuously.

clearTimeout(function variable_name);

stop the execution of function sepecified in timer methods.

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