Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 491 views

    Electronics LAB MANUAL Exp-2

    Uploaded by

    Dulce De
    The document discusses different types of printed circuit boards including single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex PCBs. It also describes common soldering techniques used to assemble PCBs like soft soldering and hard soldering. Basic soldering tools are identified including soldering iron, solder, flux, solder wick, pliers, knife, multi-meter, and magnifier. The aim is to study and identify various PCB types and soldering techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Electronics LAB MANUAL Exp-2

    Uploaded by

    Dulce De
    491 views6 pages
    The document discusses different types of printed circuit boards including single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex PCBs. It also describes common soldering techniques used to assemble PCBs like soft soldering and hard soldering. Basic soldering tools are identified including soldering iron, solder, flux, solder wick, pliers, knife, multi-meter, and magnifier. The aim is to study and identify various PCB types and soldering techniques.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses different types of printed circuit boards including single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex PCBs. It also describes common soldering techniques used to assemble PCBs like soft soldering and hard soldering. Basic soldering tools are identified including soldering iron, solder, flux, solder wick, pliers, knife, multi-meter, and magnifier. The aim is to study and identify various PCB types and soldering techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    491 views6 pages

    Electronics LAB MANUAL Exp-2

    Uploaded by

    Dulce De
    The document discusses different types of printed circuit boards including single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex PCBs. It also describes common soldering techniques used to assemble PCBs like soft soldering and hard soldering. Basic soldering tools are identified including soldering iron, solder, flux, solder wick, pliers, knife, multi-meter, and magnifier. The aim is to study and identify various PCB types and soldering techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    EXPERIMENT NO-2

    Aim:-Identification of various types of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) and soldering Techniques.

    COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
    1. Various types of PCB
    2. Soldering Iron 35W
    3. Solder Wire
    4. Flux or Rasin
    5. Wire Cutter
    6. General Purpose PCB
    7. Resistance, Capacitors & Other Components etc.

    Theory:

    The acronym of the printed circuit board is PCB; it is a self-contained board with interconnected electrical and
    electronic components found in various devices ranges from beepers to pagers, radios, and radar and computer
    systems. The circuits are produced by a slight layer of conducting material deposited on the outside of an
    insulating board called as the substrate. Separate components are located on the surface of the substrate &
    soldered to the connected circuits. The construction of the PCB can be done in three ways, namely single sided,
    double sided and multi layered.

    Different Types of Printed Circuit Boards


    PCBs have copper tracks to connect the holes where the various components are located They are specially
    designed for each and every circuit and build construction very easy. Though, making the PCB necessitates
    special tools. The different types of printed circuit boards mainly include the following:

    • Single Sided PCBs


    • Double Sided PCBs
    • Multilayer PCBs
    • Rigid PCBs
    • Flex PCBs
    • Rigid-Flex PCBs

    Single Sided PCBs


    This single sided printed circuit board includes just one layer of base material or substrate. One end of the
    substrate is coated with a thin layer of metal, usually copper because it is a good electrical conductor. Generally,
    a protecting solder mask be seated on the peak of the copper layer, and a last silkscreen coat may be applied to
    the top to mark elements of the board. This PCB consists of various circuits and electronic components on the
    only single side.
    Fig. 1 Single Sided Printed Circuit Board
    Double Sided PCBs
    This type of PCBs is much more familiar than single-sided boards. Both sides of the board’s substrate include
    metal conductive layers, and elements attach to both sides as well. Holes in the PCB let circuits on a single side
    to attach to circuits on the other side.

    Fig. 2 Double Sided Printed Circuit Board


    These kinds of circuit boards used to connect the circuits on every side using one of two techniques: through-
    hole & surface mount technology. Through-hole technology engages feeding small wires, called as leads
    through the holes & soldering every end to the suitable component.

    Multilayer PCBs
    These PCBs further enlarges the density and complexity of PCB designs by adding extra layers beyond the top
    & bottom layers seen in a configuration of double sided. With the accessibility of over many layers in multilayer
    printed circuit board configurations, multilayer PCBs let designers to make very thick and highly compound
    designs.
    Fig. 3 Multilayer Printed Circuit Board
    In addition to having different numbers of layers & sides, Printed circuit boards can also come in changing
    inflexibilities. Most customers usually think of inflexible PCBs when they image a circuit board. Rigid printed
    circuit boards use a solid, rigid substrate material like fiberglass that remains the board from twisting. A
    motherboard within the tower of a computer is the best example of an inflexible PCB.

    Fig. 4 Rigid PCBs


    Flexible PCBs
    Generally, the substrate in a flexible board is a flexible plastic. This fundamental material permits the board to
    fit into forms that inflexible boards cannot & to turn or shift during use without harmful the circuits on the
    printed circuit board. Though flex boards tend to charge more to intend and create than rigid PCBs, they come
    with a number of advantages. For instance, they can restore heavy or bulky wiring in superior gear like satellites,
    where weight & space matter. Flex boards can also come in three formats, namely single sided, double-sided or
    multilayer formats.
    Fig. 5 Flexible PCBs

    Rigid-Flex PCBs
    Rigid flex boards merge technology from both flexible and rigid circuit boards. An easy rigid-flex board
    comprises of a rigid circuit board those joints to a flex circuit board. These boards can be more compound if
    design requests demand. Thus, this is all about different types of printed circuit boards, which includes Sided
    PCBs, Double Sided PCBs, Multilayer PCBs, Rigid PCBs, Flex PCBs, Rigid-Flex PCBs, etc.

    Fig. 6 Rigid Flexible PCBs

    Soldering Techniques for Building Printed-Circuit Boards (PCBs)

    Printed-circuit board (PCB) design is important not only to evaluate circuit ideas before integrating them onto
    a chip but also because the performance of integrated prototype chips is highly dependent on the evaluation
    board used to test them. Consequently, developing PCB-building and soldering skills are important, which is
    why the purpose of this document is to review some basic soldering tools and techniques.
    Different Methods of Soldering
    The methods of the soldering process can be classified into two, namely soft soldering and hard soldering.

    Soft Soldering
    Soft soldering is a process for fitting very minute compound parts possessing low liquefying temperature, whichhave
    been broken during the procedure of soldering is performed at high temperature. In this process, a tin-leadalloy is used
    as space filler metal. The liquefying temperature of the space filler alloy must not be less than 400oC / 752oF. A gas
    torch is used as a heat source, for the procedure. Some of the examples of this kind of soldering metals include tin-
    zinc for bonding aluminum, tin-lead for general usage; zinc-aluminum foraluminum, cadmium-silver for power at
    high temperature; lead-silver for strength higher than room temperature, weakening confrontation, tin-silver & tin-
    bismuth for electrical products.
    Hard Soldering
    In this type of soldering a solid solder unites two elements of metals by spreading out into the holes of the component
    that are unlocked due to high temperature. The space filler metal grips a higher temperature of morethan 450oC/840oF.
    It comprises of two elements: Silver soldering and Brazing.

    Basic Soldering Tools

    Basic Soldering Tools:

    • Soldering Iron – Used to melt solder and connect component pins to board pads. A
    cheap soldering pencil may be sufficient, but a temperature-controlled solder station is
    best for high performance boards.
    • Solder – An alloy of tin and lead with a low melting point. Based on diameter and
    metallic and core content, various soldering solutions are available. For example, thick
    and thin solders are useful for connecting power devices and surface mount technology
    (SMT) components, respectively.
    • Flux or Rosin – A substance used to channel solder flow and prevent oxide formation.
    Rosin was first used for this purpose, but it is a bit messy. Flux is better and therefore
    more popular today.
    • Solder Wick or De-soldering Braid – A tool used to extract solder and de-solder
    components from the board, for which a pump is sometimes helpful, if large amounts of
    solder are present.
    • Pliers, Knife, Multi-Meter, and Magnifier – Pliers are used to cut, bend, and
    sometimes strip component leads; a knife to strip wires and trim traces; multi-meters to
    test electrical connectivity; and a magnifier for soldering small SMT chip components.
    • Test connectivity – Examine and evaluate solder connections both visually and
    electrically (with a multi- meter), especially for small joint connections.

    Results:
    We have studies & identified various types of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) and soldering
    Techniques with basic Soldering Tools.

    Precautions:-

    1. Do not twist or fold the given PCB.


    2. Connections must be made according to circuit diagram.
    3. Power must be switched on after checking the connections.

    You might also like