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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13623

Third edition
2017-09

Petroleum and natural gas

industries — Pipeline transportation
systems
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Systèmes de transport par
conduites

Reference number
ISO 13623:2017(E)

© ISO 2017
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ISO 13623:2017(E)


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ISO 13623:2017(E)


Contents Page

Foreword..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... viii
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ix
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
3 Terms, definitions and symbols............................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
3.2 Symbols.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 Health, safety and the environment....................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Competence assurance..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Compliance.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.4 Records........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5 Pipeline system design.................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 System definition................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Categorization of fluids..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Hydraulic analysis................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.4 Pressure control and overpressure protection............................................................................................................ 8
5.5 Requirements for operation and maintenance............................................................................................................ 9
5.6 Public safety and protection of the environment....................................................................................................... 9
6 Design of pipeline and primary piping.......................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1 Design principles.................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2 Route selection...................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.2.1 Considerations................................................................................................................................................................. 10
6.2.2 Surveys — On-land pipelines.............................................................................................................................. 11
6.2.3 Surveys — Offshore pipelines............................................................................................................................ 11
6.3 Loads.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.3.2 Functional loads............................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.3.3 Environmental loads.................................................................................................................................................. 13
6.3.4 Construction loads....................................................................................................................................................... 14
6.3.5 Accidental loads.............................................................................................................................................................. 14
6.3.6 Combination of loads................................................................................................................................................. 14
6.4 Strength requirements................................................................................................................................................................... 15
6.4.1 Calculation of stresses............................................................................................................................................... 15
6.4.2 Strength criteria............................................................................................................................................................. 16
6.5 Stability........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
6.6 Pipeline spanning............................................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.7 Pressure test requirements........................................................................................................................................................ 20
6.7.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.7.2 Test medium...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.7.3 Pressure levels and test durations................................................................................................................. 21
6.7.4 Acceptance criteria...................................................................................................................................................... 21
6.8 Other activities...................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
6.8.1 Activities by others...................................................................................................................................................... 21
6.8.2 Pipeline cover................................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.9 Crossings and encroachments................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.9.1 Consultations with authorities.......................................................................................................................... 23
6.9.2 Roads........................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
6.9.3 Railways................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.9.4 Waterways and landfalls......................................................................................................................................... 23
6.9.5 Pipeline/cable crossings......................................................................................................................................... 23
6.9.6 Pipeline bridge crossings....................................................................................................................................... 24

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ISO 13623:2017(E)


6.9.7 Sleeved or cased crossings.................................................................................................................................... 24

6.10 Adverse ground and seabed conditions.......................................................................................................................... 24
6.11 Section isolation valves.................................................................................................................................................................. 24
6.12 Integrity monitoring........................................................................................................................................................................ 24
6.13 Design for pigging............................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.14 Fabricated components................................................................................................................................................................. 25
6.14.1 Welded branch connections................................................................................................................................. 25
6.14.2 Special components fabricated by welding............................................................................................ 25
6.14.3 Extruded outlets............................................................................................................................................................. 25
6.14.4 Pig traps................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
6.14.5 Slug catchers...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
6.14.6 Fabricated assemblies............................................................................................................................................... 26
6.15 Attachment of supports or anchors.................................................................................................................................... 26
6.16 Offshore risers....................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
7 Design of stations and terminals.......................................................................................................................................................28
7.1 Selection of location......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
7.2 Layout........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
7.3 Security........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
7.4 Safety............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
7.5 Environment........................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
7.6 Buildings..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
7.7 Equipment................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
7.8 Piping............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
7.8.1 Primary piping................................................................................................................................................................. 29
7.8.2 Secondary piping........................................................................................................................................................... 30
7.9 Emergency shutdown system.................................................................................................................................................. 30
7.10 Electrical..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
7.11 Storage and working tankage................................................................................................................................................... 31
7.12 Heating and cooling stations..................................................................................................................................................... 31
7.13 Metering and pressure control stations.......................................................................................................................... 31
7.14 Monitoring and communication systems....................................................................................................................... 31
7.15 Compressor stations for on-land gas supply systems......................................................................................... 31
8 Materials and coatings.................................................................................................................................................................................32
8.1 General material requirements for pipelines and primary piping........................................................... 32
8.1.1 Selection................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
8.1.2 Materials for sour service...................................................................................................................................... 32
8.1.3 Consistency of requirements............................................................................................................................... 32
8.1.4 Chemical composition............................................................................................................................................... 32
8.1.5 Brittle fracture toughness...................................................................................................................................... 33
8.1.6 Shear-fracture toughness....................................................................................................................................... 33
8.1.7 Higher-temperature service................................................................................................................................ 33
8.1.8 Properties after forming and heat treatment....................................................................................... 33
8.1.9 Production qualification programmes........................................................................................................ 34
8.1.10 Marking.................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
8.1.11 Inspection documents............................................................................................................................................... 34
8.1.12 Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................... 34
8.1.13 Reuse of components................................................................................................................................................. 34
8.1.14 Records................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
8.2 Line pipe..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
8.2.1 Carbon steel pipe........................................................................................................................................................... 35
8.2.2 Stainless steel and non-ferrous metallic pipe....................................................................................... 35
8.2.3 Carbon steel pipe with stainless steel or non-ferrous metallic layer............................... 35
8.3 Components other than pipe.................................................................................................................................................... 35
8.3.1 Flanged connections................................................................................................................................................... 35
8.3.2 Bends made from pipe.............................................................................................................................................. 35
8.3.3 Fittings.................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
8.3.4 Valves....................................................................................................................................................................................... 36

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ISO 13623:2017(E)


8.3.5 Fabricated isolating couplings........................................................................................................................... 36

8.3.6 Other components........................................................................................................................................................ 36
8.4 Coatings....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
8.4.1 External coatings........................................................................................................................................................... 36
8.4.2 Internal coatings/linings........................................................................................................................................ 37
9 Corrosion management...............................................................................................................................................................................37
9.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
9.2 Internal corrosivity evaluation............................................................................................................................................... 38
9.3 Internal corrosion mitigation................................................................................................................................................... 39
9.3.1 Methods................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
9.3.2 Revision of design conditions............................................................................................................................. 39
9.3.3 Chemical additives....................................................................................................................................................... 39
9.3.4 Internal coatings or linings................................................................................................................................... 39
9.3.5 Cleaning................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
9.4 External corrosion evaluation................................................................................................................................................. 40
9.5 External corrosion mitigation.................................................................................................................................................. 41
9.5.1 Protection requirements......................................................................................................................................... 41
9.5.2 External coatings........................................................................................................................................................... 41
9.5.3 Cathodic protection..................................................................................................................................................... 42
9.6 Monitoring programmes and methods............................................................................................................................ 42
9.6.1 Requirement for monitoring............................................................................................................................... 42
9.6.2 Monitoring internal corrosion........................................................................................................................... 42
9.6.3 Monitoring external condition........................................................................................................................... 43
9.6.4 Monitoring cathodic protection........................................................................................................................ 43
9.7 Evaluation of monitoring and inspection results.................................................................................................... 43
9.8 Corrosion-management documentation........................................................................................................................ 43
10 Construction............................................................................................................................................................................................................43
10.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
10.1.1 Construction plan.......................................................................................................................................................... 43
10.1.2 Construction near other facilities................................................................................................................... 44
10.1.3 Plant, equipment and marine vessels.......................................................................................................... 44
10.1.4 Transport and handling of materials............................................................................................................ 44
10.2 Preparation of the route on-land........................................................................................................................................... 44
10.2.1 Site inspections............................................................................................................................................................... 44
10.2.2 Survey and marking.................................................................................................................................................... 44
10.2.3 Preparation of the working width.................................................................................................................. 45
10.2.4 Blasting.................................................................................................................................................................................. 45
10.3 Preparation of the route offshore......................................................................................................................................... 45
10.3.1 Surveys................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
10.3.2 Seabed preparation..................................................................................................................................................... 45
10.4 Welding and joining.......................................................................................................................................................................... 45
10.4.1 Welding standard.......................................................................................................................................................... 45
10.4.2 Weld examination......................................................................................................................................................... 45
10.4.3 Joining other than welding.................................................................................................................................... 45
10.5 Coating......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
10.5.1 Field joint coating......................................................................................................................................................... 46
10.5.2 Coating inspection........................................................................................................................................................ 46
10.6 Installation of on-land pipelines............................................................................................................................................ 46
10.6.1 Pipe stringing.................................................................................................................................................................... 46
10.6.2 Field pipe bends............................................................................................................................................................. 46
10.6.3 Excavation............................................................................................................................................................................ 46
10.6.4 Lowering pipe.................................................................................................................................................................. 47
10.6.5 Backfill.................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
10.6.6 Tie-in........................................................................................................................................................................................ 47
10.6.7 Reinstatement.................................................................................................................................................................. 47
10.6.8 Crossings............................................................................................................................................................................... 47
10.6.9 Markings............................................................................................................................................................................... 48

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ISO 13623:2017(E)


10.7 Installation of offshore pipelines.......................................................................................................................................... 48

10.7.1 Marine operations........................................................................................................................................................ 48
10.7.2 Survey and positioning systems....................................................................................................................... 49
10.7.3 Pipe laying........................................................................................................................................................................... 49
10.7.4 Landfalls................................................................................................................................................................................ 49
10.7.5 Trenching............................................................................................................................................................................. 50
10.7.6 Backfilling............................................................................................................................................................................ 50
10.7.7 Crossings of other pipelines and cables..................................................................................................... 50
10.7.8 Spans........................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
10.7.9 Tie-ins...................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
10.8 Cleaning and gauging...................................................................................................................................................................... 50
10.9 As-built surveys.................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
10.10 Construction records....................................................................................................................................................................... 51
11 Testing........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
11.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
11.2 Safety............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 51
11.3 Procedures................................................................................................................................................................................................ 52
11.3.1 Written procedures..................................................................................................................................................... 52
11.3.2 Communications............................................................................................................................................................ 52
11.3.3 Water quality..................................................................................................................................................................... 52
11.3.4 Inhibitors and additives........................................................................................................................................... 52
11.3.5 Filling rate............................................................................................................................................................................ 52
11.3.6 Air content........................................................................................................................................................................... 53
11.3.7 Temperature stabilization..................................................................................................................................... 53
11.3.8 Temperature effects and correlations......................................................................................................... 53
11.3.9 Leak-finding....................................................................................................................................................................... 53
11.4 Acceptance criteria............................................................................................................................................................................ 53
11.5 Tie-ins following testing............................................................................................................................................................... 53
11.6 Testing equipment............................................................................................................................................................................. 53
11.7 Test documentation and records........................................................................................................................................... 53
11.8 Disposal of test fluids...................................................................................................................................................................... 54
11.9 Protection following test.............................................................................................................................................................. 54
12 Pre-commissioning and commissioning....................................................................................................................................54
12.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
12.2 Cleaning and gauging procedures........................................................................................................................................ 55
12.3 Drying procedures............................................................................................................................................................................. 55
12.4 Functional testing of equipment and systems........................................................................................................... 55
12.5 Documentation and records...................................................................................................................................................... 56
12.6 Start-up procedures and introduction of transported fluid........................................................................... 56
13 Operation, maintenance and abandonment..........................................................................................................................56
13.1 Management............................................................................................................................................................................................ 56
13.1.1 Objectives and basic requirements................................................................................................................ 56
13.1.2 Operating and maintenance plan.................................................................................................................... 57
13.1.3 Operating and maintenance procedures................................................................................................... 57
13.1.4 Incident and emergency-response plan.................................................................................................... 57
13.1.5 Permit-to-work system............................................................................................................................................ 57
13.1.6 Training.................................................................................................................................................................................. 58
13.1.7 Liaison..................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
13.1.8 Records................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
13.2 Operations................................................................................................................................................................................................. 59
13.2.1 Fluid parameter monitoring................................................................................................................................ 59
13.2.2 Stations and terminals.............................................................................................................................................. 59
13.2.3 Pigging.................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
13.2.4 Decommissioning.......................................................................................................................................................... 59
13.2.5 Recommissioning.......................................................................................................................................................... 60
13.3 Maintenance............................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
13.3.1 Maintenance programme....................................................................................................................................... 60

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ISO 13623:2017(E)


13.3.2 Route inspection............................................................................................................................................................ 60

13.3.3 Mechanical condition monitoring................................................................................................................... 61
13.3.4 Leak detection and surveys.................................................................................................................................. 62
13.3.5 Facilities, equipment and component monitoring........................................................................... 62
13.3.6 Pipeline and piping defects and damage................................................................................................... 64
13.3.7 Pipeline and piping repairs and modifications.................................................................................... 64
13.4 Changes to the design condition............................................................................................................................................ 66
13.4.1 Change control................................................................................................................................................................. 66
13.4.2 Operating pressure...................................................................................................................................................... 66
13.4.3 Service conversion....................................................................................................................................................... 67
13.4.4 New crossings and developments.................................................................................................................. 67
13.4.5 Moving in-service pipelines and piping..................................................................................................... 67
13.4.6 Testing of modified pipelines and piping................................................................................................. 67
13.4.7 Changes to location class........................................................................................................................................ 67
13.5 Life extension......................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
13.6 Abandonment........................................................................................................................................................................................ 68
Annex A (informative) Records and documentation.........................................................................................................................69
Annex B (normative) Supplementary requirements for public safety of on-land pipelines
for category D and E fluids.......................................................................................................................................................................70
Annex C (informative) Pipeline route selection process................................................................................................................75
Annex D (informative) Examples of factors for routing considerations........................................................................76
Annex E (normative) Safety evaluation of pipelines..........................................................................................................................78
Annex F (informative) Scope of procedures for operation, maintenance and emergencies....................82
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 84

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ISO 13623:2017(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC  67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 2, Pipeline
transportation systems.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13623:2009), which has been technically
revised.

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ISO 13623:2017(E)


Introduction
Significant differences exist between member countries in the areas of public safety and protection of
the environment, which cannot be reconciled into a single preferred approach to pipeline transportation
systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries. Reconciliation was further complicated by the
existence in some member countries of legislation that establishes requirements for public safety and
protection of the environment. Recognizing these differences, ISO/TC 67/SC 2 concluded that this
document should allow individual countries to apply their national requirements for public safety and
the protection of the environment.
This document is not a design manual; rather, it is intended for use in conjunction with sound engineering
practice and judgment. This document allows the use of innovative techniques and procedures, such as
reliability-based limit state design methods, providing the minimum requirements of this document
are satisfied.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13623:2017(E)

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline

transportation systems

1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials,
construction, testing, operation, maintenance and abandonment of pipeline systems used for
transportation in the petroleum and natural gas industries.
It applies to pipeline systems on-land and offshore, connecting wells, production plants, process plants,
refineries and storage facilities, including any section of a pipeline constructed within the boundaries
of such facilities for the purpose of its connection. The extent of pipeline systems covered by this
document is illustrated in Figure 1.
This document applies to rigid, metallic pipelines. It is not applicable for flexible pipelines or those
constructed from other materials, such as glass-reinforced plastics.
This document is applicable to all new pipeline systems and can be applied to modifications made to
existing ones. It is not intended that it applies retroactively to existing pipeline systems.
It describes the functional requirements of pipeline systems and provides a basis for their safe design,
construction, testing, operation, maintenance and abandonment.

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