GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATION FOR GRADE12TH IN 2014 E.C.

ADDIS ABABA CITY ADMINISTRATION EDUCATIN BUREAU

2022/2023 GRADE 12 GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATIOS

TIME ALLOWED: 2:00 HOURS

GENERAL DIRECTIONS

THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION. IN THIS

EXAMINATION, THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 105 MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS OUT OF WHICH THE VISUALLY IMPIRED CANDIDATES
ARE REQUIRED TO ATTEMPT ONLY QUESTIONS NUMBERS 1-9,13-24
AND 31-100 WHEREAS THE SIGHTED ( NON-VISUALLY IMPIRED
CANDIDATES ARE REQUIRED TO ATTEMPT 1-95 and 101-105
QUESTIONS.

THERE IS ONLY ONE BEST ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION. CHOOSE

THE CORRECT ANSWER FROM THE SUGGESTED OPTIONS AND
BLACKEN THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE ON THE ANSWER SHEET.
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ANY FORM OF CHEATING OR AN ATTEMT TO CHEAT IN THE

EXAMINATION WILL RESULT IN AN AUTOMATIC DISMISSAL FROM
THE EXAMINATION HALL AND CANCELLATION OF YOUR SCORE(S).

PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN ALL THE QEQUIRED
INFORMATION ON THE ANSWER SHEET BEFORE YOU START TO
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DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE OVER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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1. Which one of the following is not true about the scope of geography?
A. It is dynamic.
B. It is very wide.
C. It changes often as new discoveries and ideas enter the field.
D. It is constant and narrow.
2. Lines of longitude meet and form international date line in the:
A. Atlantic Ocean C. Pacific Ocean
B. Indian Ocean D. Arctic Ocean
3. A marginal information on a map that tells you the extent of reduction is:
A. Date C. Grid system
B. Scale D. Key
4. Which One of the following is Wrong about modern map making?
A. It is the drawings of three-dimensional objects.
B. Uses Better cameras and airplanes designed to take aerial photographs.
C. Computers have come to be „close friends‟ of Map makers.
D. The gathered data are accurate.
5. Which one of the following is not true about a map?
A. Represents things as we see them from vertically above.
B. It is the exact representation of the earth.
C. Maps are smaller than the area they represent.
D. Represents information with the help of symbols.
6. Which one of the following is the process of lowering the level of land by
wearing away?
A. Exfoliation C. Peneplanation
B. Déposition D. Dénudation
7. Which of the following are the factors that cause uneven distribution of air
pressure over the earth‟s surface?
A. Rainfall and Temperature
B. Altitude and Temperature
C. Rainfall and clouds
D. Wind and precipitation

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8. Which one of the following is the main cause for the constant shift in the global
position of belts?
A. Mountain barriers
B. Distance from the sea
C. Ocean current
D. Movements of the overhead sun
9. The transfer and change of water from plants to water vapor in the air
Refers :
A. Evaporation C. Condensation
B. Transpiration D. sublimation
Question number 10-12 is based on the climatic data given below (For Non-
blind candidate only)
Table 1 Mean monthly temperature and rain fall of the station „A’ in Ethiopia.
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D
o
Temp(c ) 18 20 23 20 20 18 18 18 18 19 19 18
R.F(mm) 26 27 73 107 227 272 296 280 303 142 59 25

10. What is the mean annual temperature of the station?

A. 19 0c C. 110c
B. 220c D. 120c
11. What is the annual range of temperature of the station?
A. 40c C. 50c
B. 60c D. 30c
12. What is the wettest season of the station?
A. Summer C. Spring
B. Winter D. Autumn
13. Which One of the following is a transitional zone between the polar ice caps
and the coniferous forest belt?
A. Meditranean region
B. Tundra
C. Tropical deset
D. Temperate Zone

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14. Which one of the following is known by Smokeless Industry?

A. trade C. tourism
B. transportation D. Communication
15. Which one of the following economic activities are involved high level decision
making and scientific research?
A. Quinary C. Secondary
B. Tertiary D. Primary
16. The national grid origin of Ethiopia is at a point where:
A. 34030ꞌ W meridian and the equator cross each other.
B. 34°30'E meridian and the equator cross each other.
C. 34°30'N parallel and the prime meridian cross each other.
D. 34°30'S parallel and the equator cross each other.
17. Which one of the following is correct about Sandy soil?
A. It ideal soil for agriculture
B. It has high water holding capacity.
C. It is heavily aerated and large porous.
D. It is rich in nutrient.
18. Which of the following minerals are types of metamorphic rocks?
A. Marble and Quartzite
B. Basalt and granite
C. Potash and Gypsum
D. Limestone and shale
19. Which one of the following is Not the evidence that Gondwanaland and Laurasia
Were joined together?
A. Fossil evidence
B. Rock type
C. The coast lines of continents
D. Urbanization
20. Which one of the following geological event is the recent?
A. The earth was covered by warm and shallow sea.
B. The formation of crystalline rock
C. the formation of the Ethiopian Rift Valley
D. Pangaea was separated in two laurasia and Gondwanaland

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21. The nature of steepness of slope on contour map can be identified easily by:
A. Title of the map
B. Areal coverage of the contour lines
C. Length and thickness of contour lines
D. The space between contour lines
22. One of the following is correct about the properties of contour lines?
A. connect all points of the same altitude
B. They form branches
C. They are natural lines
D. Drawn at a varied height interval
23. According to Koppen climate classification capital letter "A" represents:
A. Dry climate C. Highland climate
B. Tropical moist climate D. Polar climate
24. What type of migration occurs when people are forced to leave their homeland
due to natural disasters?
A. Seasonal migration C. Refugee migration
B. step migration D. Evacuee migration
Question number 25-30 is based on the data given below (For Non-
blind candidate only)
 Total population = 4,000,000
 Number of population aged (15-64) years =1,800,000
 Number of live births = 100,000
 Number of total death = 80,000
 Number of infant death = 15,000
 Number of women aged (15-49) years = 1,200,000
25. Calculate the Crude birth rate (CBR) .
A. 2.5 per 1000 C. 250 per 1000
B. 25 per 1000 D. 0.25 per 1000
26. Calculate the Crude death rate (CDR)
A. 20 per 1000 C. 0.2 per 1000
B. 2 per 1000 D. 2.5 per 1000
27. Calculate the General fertility rate (GFR)
A. 8.3 per 1000 C. 83 per 1000
B. 8 per 1000 D. 0.83 per 1000

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28. Calculate the Rate of natural increase (RNI)

A. 5% C. 20%
B. 50% D. 0.5 %
29. Calculate the Infant mortality rate (IMR)
A. 15 per 1000 C. 150 per 1000
B. 1.5 per 1000 D. 0.15 per 1000
30. Calculate the Age dependency rate (ADR)
A. 122 per 1000 C. 12 per 1000
B. 22 per 1000 D. 2.2 per 1000
31. Which one of the following is incorrect about the feature of command
economic system?
A. Prices determined Buyers and sellers.
B. The government develops and enforces plans.
C. Goods and services are distributed through government agencies.
D. The Government has power to make economic decisions for the society
as a whole.
32. Which one of the following statement is not correct about the philosophy of
environmental possiblism?
A. Nowadays, it is becoming widely accepted.
B. Human activities are controlled by the environment.
C. School of possibilism was postulated by Febver
D. Peoples can influence the environment to enhance their ways of life
33. Contours with “V” shapes, with downward bending and values increasing
upward represent:
A. Valley C. Depression
B. Plateau D. Spur
34. The use of geographical knowledge and skills to the solution of economic and
social problems refers:
A. Quantitative revolution
B. School of determinism
C. Applied geography
D. School of possiblism
35. Which of the following city is Not Ecclesiastical cities?
A. Jerusalem C. Mecca
B. Agaro D. Lalibela
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36. Which type of settlement pattern is highly associated with transport lines?
A. Ribbon settlement C. Scattered settlement
B. Dispersed settlement D. Nucleated settlement
37. Which one of the following is the action of a river at the lower course?
A. Vertical Erosion
B. Deposition
C. Fast flowing of water
D. Formation of V-shape valley
38. The southern and northern most points of Africa are respectively.
A. Cape Agulhas & Cape Bon
B. Cape Gurdafi & Cape Agulhas
C. Cope Verde & Cape Bon
D. Cape Bon & cape Agulhas
39. When did the overhead sun appear south of equator?
A. In June C. In September 23rd
B. In march 21st D. In January
40. Which one of the following is the best to describe the absolute location of a
place?
A. Water bodies
B. Land masses
C. Latitude & Longitude
D. Neighboring countries
41. Which one of the following is Not the characteristic of equatorial rainforest?
A. Dense and hard wood vegetation
B. Needle-shaped
C. high species diversity and Broad-leafed
D. Evergreen
42. Which one of the following controls affects more the incoming solar radiation
that a place receives?
A. Altitude C. distance from the sea
B. Latitude D. ocean currents
43. Which soils types of African are black basaltic soils with clay character and
used for grazing?
A. Vertisols C. Luvisols
B. Nitosols D. Plansols
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44. Which one of the following is not the major characteristics of the African
Population?
A. High fertility and mortality rates
B. Generally young population
C. Low age dependency ratio
D. High population growth rate.
45. Which one of the following is a “Pull” factors of migration?
A. Social upheaval
B. job prospects
C. Low income
D. Adverse climatic condition
46. The most urbanized region of Africa is:
A. Southern Africa C. Eastern Africa
B. Northern Africa D. Western Africa
47. Which one of the following country is not located in the Sahel region?
A. Chad C. Botswana
B. Mauritania D. Burkina Faso
48. Which one of the following river basin is not found under Indian Ocean
drainage system?
A. Zambezi C. Wabishebelle
B. Congo D. Juba
49. Which one of the following is an artificial lake of Africa?
A. Victoria C. Tanganyika
B. Turkana D. Volta
50. Which One of the following is the characteristics of developing countries?
A. low Per capita income
B. Birth and death rates are low
C. life expectancy is high
D. Per capita incomes are high
51. Which one of the following country is found in the upper course of the Nile
basin and contribute the highest percentage of river water?
A. Egypt C. Tanzania
B. Ethiopia D. Kenya

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52. Which one of the following is the smallest climate regions of Africa?
A. Warm Temperate Continental Climate
B. Equatorial climate
C. The Mediterranean climate
D. The tropical savanna climate
53. Which one of the following drainage pattern occurs where rivers flow in all
directions away from a raised feature?
A. Triangular drainage pattern
B. Rectangular drainage pattern
C. centripetal drainage pattern
D. Radial drainages pattern
54. Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of settlements from larger to
smaller ones in terms of population number?
A. Megalopolis Metropolis Cities Villages
B. Cities Hamlets Metropolis Megalopolis
C. Hamlets Cities Megalopolis Metropolis
D. Hamlets Metropolis Cities Megalopolis
55. Which one the of the following vegetation grows on swampy areas of Africa?
A. Desert and Semi Desert Vegetation
B. Bamboo forests
C. Mangrove vegetation
D. Alpine and sub Afro alpine vegetation
56. The smallest proportion of the African landmass is made up of:
A. plateau C. Low lying plains
B. Valleys D. Mountain and Hills
57. One of the following is not correct about the properties of globe?
A. Scale on surface of a globe is identical on its entire surface
B. All meridians converge at poles
C. All parallels are parallel to each other
D. Parallels increase in length as they approach to the poles
58. Which One of the following includes under systematic approach of geography:
A. The geography of settlement
B. The geography of the horn of Africa
C. The geography of Addis Ababa
D. The geography of Ethiopia
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59. Two places are said to be inter visible:

A. If the distance between the two point is furthest
B. If there is dense vegetation between two points
C. If there is no high altitude between the two points
D. If there is high altitude between the two point
60. Which one of the following ocean current has warming and rainy effect on
Africa?
A. Canary C. Labrador
B. Mozambique D. Benguela
61. Which one of the following water body is the source area of the
summer/Kirmet/ rainfall of Ethiopia?
A. The Atlantic Ocean C. The Mediterranean sea
B. the Indian ocean D. the red sea
62. In the river capture, a point where one strong river cuts into the course of
another weak river during river capture is:
A. Misfit or underfit stream C. Elbow of capture
B. Wind gap D. Reverse drainage
63. Which one of the following is not true about Africa?
A. The equator crosses Africa almost at its north-south center.
B. The only continent crossed by the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of
Capricorn, the Equator and the Prime Meridian.
C. almost ¾ of the continent's total area is found within the tropics
D. The east-west and north-south extensions have greater difference.
64. Which one of the following is incorrect about sampling?
A. Under Probability Sampling every item of the population has not an equal
chance of being included.
B. The size of a population sample depends up on the variability of the
population
C. When the population under study is homogeneous a small sample is
sufficient.
D. When the population under study is heterogeneous a large size is
necessary.

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65. Which one of the following is secondary data source?

A. Interviews C. Questionnaires
B. Books D. Observation
66. The Types of qualitative distribution map that shows the spread of various
geographical features by using color tint, shading and dots?
A. Choroschematic maps C. Choropleth map
B. Dot maps D. Chorochromatic maps
67. Which one of the following is incorrect about the Horn of Africa in general?
A. It consists of four countries.
B. It is a narrow tip that protrudes in to the northern Indian Ocean
C. Currently It is inhabited by more than 100 million people
D. It is the home of homogenous ethnic groups with similar culture
68. Which one of the following is not the basic feature of action research?
A. It is based on reality
B. It aims at producing new knowledge
C. It enables researchers to put ideas into action
D. There is rapid feedback
69. Which of the following area is part of the Year-Round rainfall region in
Ethiopia?
A. Gamo Goffa C. Gode
B. Gonder D. Gore
70. One of the following is not among the top goals of the Ethiopian national
strategy called ADLI:
A. Improved living standards for rural and urban dwellers
B. Effective education services
C. expansion of preventive and primary health care facilities
D. Economic growth through urban-center development
71. Which type of map projection is suitable to show the middle latitude region?
A. Rectangular projection
B. zenithal projection
C. conic map projection
D. cylindrical projection
72. Which One of the following is not the export destination of Ethiopia?
A. Italy C. USA
B. Japan D. France
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73. Which one of the following economic sectors has the highest share according to
their contribution the GDP of Ethiopia?
A. Service C. Industry
B. Agriculture D. Trade
74. The Northern Latitudinal extension of the Horn of Africa is:
A. 10S C. 330E
B. 180S D. 180N
75. Which one of the following is not the challenge to Ethiopia‟s socio-economic
development?
A. Diversified climatic zones C. Land-fragmentation
B. Rapid population growth D. Low level of infrastructure
76. The Western extreme point of Ethiopia is:
A. Badime C. Moyalle
B. Ogaden D. Akobo
77. The element of research that gives tentative solution and shows the direction
where the solution to the problem lies is:
A. Research design C. Theory
B. Hypothesis D. Methodology
78. Which one of the following is not the property of a globe?
A. Appropriate models for representing the surface of the earth.
B. Has identical scale over all of its surface
C. Parallels increase in length as they approach the poles
D. All meridians converge at the poles
79. Which one of the following is Incorrect about sketch map?
A. It is true to scale
B. It is misleading
C. It can be drawn quickly
D. It is simple free hand drawing
80. Which One of the following is not a major factor for high fertility rate in
Ethiopia?
A. Low level of family planning
B. low social status of women
C. Perception of high economic value of children
D. Late marriage

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81. Which one of the following projection types maintains the accuracy of shape?
A. Orthomorphic projection C. Homolographic projection
B. Azimuthal Projection D. Conical projection
82. Which one of the following vegetation is found in the low lands of Ethioipia?
A. Gibra C. Asta
B. acacia D. Kerkha
83. Which One of the following is the manifestation of endogenetic forces?
A. Volcanic activity C. Weathering
B. Denudation D. Deposition
84. Which one of the following elements of the research process explains about
what the researcher seeks to achieve?
A. Scope of the study C. Limitations of the study
B. Objectives of the study D. Review of literature
85. Which one of the following is not the activities of PASDEP program?
A. Promoting much moral rapid non-farm private sector.
B. Creating jobs by managing the dynamics of population growth
C. decreasing the number of girls who complete their schooling
D. Accelerating growth through commercialization of agriculture
86. Which one is Wrong about conventional maps?
A. prepare without scale
B. Conventional signs and symbols are used
C. Prepared with scale
D. Relatively more difficult to understand
87. Which one of the following does not express the drainage system?
A. Endoric C. aeric
B. exotric D. dendrite
88. which one of the following river is found under meditrranean drainage system
of Ethiopia?
A. Wabishebelle C. Ghenalle
B. Tekezze D. Awash

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89. Which one of the following is the most densely populated part of Ethiopia?
A. the enset-growing regions of the SNNPR
B. the southwestern part of Ethiopia
C. the Gambella and Somali regions
D. the Cereal-growing regions of Bale and Arsi
90. What does a wider base on a population pyramid indicates?
A. low young age C. Low Death Rate
B. High Birth Rate D. Low Birth Rate
91. Which one of the following is the record of birth, deaths and marriages and
divorce on a continuous basis?
A. Vital Registration C. Census
B. Population projection D. Sample Survey
92. Catastrophes and moral restraint are the means of population reduction in the
population theory?
A. Marxian Population Theory
B. Anti-Malthusian Population Theory
C. Malthusian population theory
D. Boserupian Population Theory
93. Which one of the following is Game reserve areas in Ethiopia?
A. Babille C. Sankele
B. Segan Valley D. Yabello (yavello)
94. What is the recent era, periods and epoch respectively?
A. Mesozoic era, Triassic period and Eocene epoch
B. Cenozoic era, quaternary period and Pleistocene epoch
C. Cenozoic era, quaternary period and Holocene epoch
D. Cenozoic era, quaternary period and Miocene epoch
95. Which One is correct about Rural settlement?
A. Practice non - agricultural activities
B. Covers small areas
C. Head of Government municipalities
D. planned streets

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QUESTION NUMBER 96-100 IS ALLOWED FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

CANDIDATES ONLY.
96. Which of the following lowlands has the wettest climate?
A. The Denakil Plains
B. The Baro –Akobo Lowlands
C. The Chew BahirRift
D. The Lower Awash Valley
97. Which soil types of Ethiopia are very unproductive?
A. Nithosols C. Luvisols
B. Yermosols D. Fluvisols
98. Which one of the following is true about Ethiopia?
A. Has elongated shape
B. Found in GMT+2 zone
C. Has compact shape
D. The second largest country in Africa.
99. the number of births occurring in a given year per 1000 women in the
reproductive ages (i.e., women aged 15-49) refers to:
A. Age specific fertility rate
B. Total fertility rate
C. Crude birth rate
D. General fertility rate
100. In which altitudinal range do most of the people of Ethiopia live?
A. More than 2600 meters above sea level
B. 1400-1800 meters above the sea level
C. 1800-2600 meters above the sea level
D. Less than1400 meters above the sea level
Question number 101-105 is based on the map given below (For
Non-blind candidate only)
101. Which points on the map are inter visible?
A. A and Z C. B and Y
B. B and Z D. Y and X
102. What is the type of slope between point „X‟ and „Y‟?
A. Convex C. Even
B. Concave D. Escarpment

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103. What is the direction of point „A‟ from „B‟?

A. North East C. North
B. South West D. South
104. What is the straight line distance between point „X‟ and „Z‟? (MD= 4cm)
A. 16km C. 12 km
B. 9 km D. 4 km
105. What is the gradient in ratio between point X‟ and Z‟
A. 1:12
B. 1:33
C. 1:2
D. 1:30

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