This document discusses different types of ligands in coordination compounds, including:
1. Monodentate ligands that use a single donor atom like F-, Cl-, H2O, CN-, NO3-, OH-, CO.
2. Bidentate ligands that use two donor atoms, exemplified by ethylene diamine (en) and oxalate ion.
3. Tridentate ligands that use three donor atoms, including diethylene triamine.
4. Tetradentate, pentadentate, and hexadentate ligands that can chelate metal ions, with EDTA being a common hexadentate ligand. Flexidentate ligands can bind with different numbers
This document discusses different types of ligands in coordination compounds, including:
1. Monodentate ligands that use a single donor atom like F-, Cl-, H2O, CN-, NO3-, OH-, CO.
2. Bidentate ligands that use two donor atoms, exemplified by ethylene diamine (en) and oxalate ion.
3. Tridentate ligands that use three donor atoms, including diethylene triamine.
4. Tetradentate, pentadentate, and hexadentate ligands that can chelate metal ions, with EDTA being a common hexadentate ligand. Flexidentate ligands can bind with different numbers
This document discusses different types of ligands in coordination compounds, including:
1. Monodentate ligands that use a single donor atom like F-, Cl-, H2O, CN-, NO3-, OH-, CO.
2. Bidentate ligands that use two donor atoms, exemplified by ethylene diamine (en) and oxalate ion.
3. Tridentate ligands that use three donor atoms, including diethylene triamine.
4. Tetradentate, pentadentate, and hexadentate ligands that can chelate metal ions, with EDTA being a common hexadentate ligand. Flexidentate ligands can bind with different numbers
This document discusses different types of ligands in coordination compounds, including:
1. Monodentate ligands that use a single donor atom like F-, Cl-, H2O, CN-, NO3-, OH-, CO.
2. Bidentate ligands that use two donor atoms, exemplified by ethylene diamine (en) and oxalate ion.
3. Tridentate ligands that use three donor atoms, including diethylene triamine.
4. Tetradentate, pentadentate, and hexadentate ligands that can chelate metal ions, with EDTA being a common hexadentate ligand. Flexidentate ligands can bind with different numbers
Page [1] Different type of ligand ( based on denticity i.e. number of doner atom per ligand ) : , N (a) Monodentate : F–, Cl–, Bl–, H O H , CN– , NO – , OH–, CO, NO, C H N (py : Pyridine) etc. 2 3 2 5 5
(b) Didentate (Bidentate) : Some most common bidentate ligands are
H 2C CH 2 (i) NH2 NH2 ethylene diamine (en)
H3C CH CH2 (ii) a) NH2 propylene diamine (pn) (1, 2 propane di amine) NH2 H2C CH2 CH2 b) NH2 NH2 tri methylene diamine (tn)
H3C CH CH CH3 c) NH2 NH2 butylene diamine (bn)
- O C O (iii) - OR C2O42– Oxalate Ion(ox) O C O - O C O (iv) CO32– OR - Carbonate Ion O
(v) SO42– Sulphate :(it can behave a monodentate also : Flexidentate)
(vi) 2, 2 bipyridyl (bipy)
(vii) O - phenon-thra-line (o-phen)
(viii) H2N – CH2COO– glycinate ion (gly)
(ix) acetyl-aceto-nate ion (acac)
Note: Formation of acac
O - O O O O OH O O H3C C- H3C C CH3 H3C C CH2 C CH3 H3C C CH C CH3 H3C C CH C CH3 Acetone Acetyl Group Acetyl Acetone Enol form Acetyl Acetonoate (ion) (acac)(acac) (acac)
(x) CH3 – C = N – O– dimethyl glyoximate ion (dmg) : ( both donor atoms – N)
| CH3 – C = N – OH Note:- - HC O H C N OH H3C C N OH H3C C N O
HC O H C N OH H3C C N OH H3C C N OH
Glyoxal Glyoxime Di Methyl Glyoxime Di Methyl Glyoximate (DMG)
(dmgH 2) (dmgH)
(c) TRIDENTATE/TERDENTATE LIGAND:
(i) H 2N C H 2 CH2 NH CH2 CH2 N H 2 Diethylene Triamine (Dien) [N-(2-aminoethyl)-1, 2-ethanediamine]
The Pathshala, Ranchi Center-1: Akash Complex 5th Floor, NOP, Doranda, Ranchi, Ph: 977-165-5056; Center-2: 4th Floor Hari Om Tower, Lalpur, Ranchi Ph: 977-165-4536 CHEMISTRY CPP : Coordination Compounds.. Page [2] O O - (ii) - imino di accetate ( Imda ) O C CH2 NH CH2 C O
O O - - O C CH2 N CH2 C O - (ii) H2C C O nitrito tri accetate (NTA A-3) O (e) PENTADENTATE LIGAND/CHELATION (i) H 2N CH 2 CH 2 NH CH 2 CH 2 NH CH 2 CH 2 NH CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 tetraethylene pentaamine
(ii) Ethelene diamine triacetate ion.
(f) HEXADENTATE LIGAND
EDTA is the most common hexadentate ligand and it is derived from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
This acid is directly not soluble in water but its Na salt is soluble. ? Acid is not the ligand but its tetra anion is a ligand and its usual denticity is 6 but it is sometimes also found to behave as tetradentate ligand and hence is a flexidentate ligand.
Note: (1) FLEXIDENTATE LIGAND A polydentate ligand which is found to have different denticity in different coordination compounds is called a flexidentate ligand. Note that in a particular complex denticity of a parcular ligand is fixed, it can not be flexible in the same compound. For ex. (i) EDTA can act as hexa as well as tetra dentate ligand (ii) SO42–, sulphate ion can also be mono or bi dentate ligand.
(2) AMBIDENTATE LIGAND
Have more than one doner atom.
N O For ex NO2– : p (Nitro), O N (Nitrite) O O m CN– : (Cynide), C { N (IsoCynide) C N
CNO– : (Cynate) C { N O O C N (Iso Cynate).
SCN¯ : S C { N (Thio Cynate) S C N (Iso Thio Cynate)
Naming of Ligands: The names of ligands are written according to the charge (+ , – or nuetral) on them. The Pathshala, Ranchi Center-1: Akash Complex 5th Floor, NOP, Doranda, Ranchi, Ph: 977-165-5056; Center-2: 4th Floor Hari Om Tower, Lalpur, Ranchi Ph: 977-165-4536
