Pr

otect
ion
Thepr ot ect i
onsy st
em mustr espondt obot hut ilitygridandmi crogri
d
faul
ts.I fanyf aultoccur satmi crogridsi det hent hepr otectiondev i
ces
aregoi ngt ot akecar ef orthispar ticularf aultsot hatthisf aultshouldnot
propagat et otheheal thysect i
onsoft henet wor k. Theprot ectiondev ices
will
shar et hedat awitht hecent r
al cont rolstationandf r
om t her esome
decisionar etakenwhi chwi llbemor eaccur ateandr eli
abl e;forthe
properasmoot hoper ationoft hemi cr ogr i
dsy st em.Thi spr otect i
on
i
nfrastruct urei sconnect edtoal lthepar tsoft henet work.MCi s
basicallyt hemi crosour cecont roll
eri spr esentneart orenewabl eener gy
source.Andt hisMCal socommuni cat eswi tht heCCandaswel lasthe
correspondi ngsect ional ci
rcuitbreaker .ifanyf aul toccur s,this
protectionsy stem wi lltrytoisol atev eryl essnumberofsect ions; i
twi l
l
j
ustef fectonl yt hefaul t
edsect i
onnott heot herheal thysect ions.
Ifthereissomefaul
tatthegri
dsidethenalsoitneedstotakecar
efor
that.Otherwi
sethi
sfaul
tcurr
entwil
lpropagatetothemi cr
ogri
d
component sli
kerenewablesour
ces,batt
erystorage,
loads.
Di
ff
erentPr
otect
ionI
ssues:
-
1.Dynamicsi
nlev
eloffaultcurr
ents:-Thepenet
rat
ionofDERsalt
ers
t
hel ev
eloff
aul
tcurrent
.Thel ev
eloff aul
tcur
rentdependsonthe
modeofoperat
ionofthemi cr
ogrid.
Ifitisingridconnect edmodet hef aultcurrentwi l
lbedi f
fer
ent
thanwheni tisinislandedmode.ThenumberofDGsconnect ed,
thetypeofDGsl ikesy nchr
onousbasedori nverterbasedDGsal so
affect
st heleveloff aultcur
rent
.Sy nchronousbasedDGshav e
faultcur
rentalmost5t i
mesratedcurrentwher easI nver
terbased
DGshav efaultcurrentnearl
y2t imesr atedcur rentbecauseof
presentofelect
ronicscomponentslikeIGBT.

2.Bidir
ectionalfaul
tcurrent:
-The di r
ecti
on oft he f
aultcur r
ent
contri
but edbytheDG differ
sbasedont hel ocati
onoft hef aul
t
withrespecttotheDGl ocati
on.Thefaultdi
recti
oni schanging;so
thatiswhyonl ytheovercurrentr
elayisnotsuf f
ici
ent,di
recti
onal
unitalongwiththeov
ercur r
entuni
tareneeded.

3.Falsetr
ipping:-
I
ti str
ippingofr el
aysi
ntheheal
thyf
eeder
sbecauseoff
aul
tsi
n
otherf
eeder s.
4.Bl
i
ndi
ngofpr
otect
ion:
-

In case ofmi crogrid syst em t here are many numberofDGs

thr
oughoutt he feeder.Wi thoutDGs t he f aultcur rentis mai nly
contri
butedbyt hemai ngr i
d.WhenDGsar epenet r
atedt hesmal lfault
curr
entsar econt ri
butedbyDGsal so.Ast hef aul
tcur rentr emai ns
constantt hecont r
ibuti
onoff aultcurrentfrom mai ngr i
dget sreduced.
Theov ercurrentrelayset ting isdonebased on t hef aultcur r
ent
contri
buted by t he gr i
d sy stem onl y withoutDGs.Thus cur r
ent
contri
butedbyt hegr idsideduet otheintegrationofDGi sbasi cal l
y
decreasingt hatiswhy ;thef aultcurrenti
sf all
ingbel owt hesetv al ue
oftheov ercur r
entr el
ayandt henther elayisnotgoi ngt or espond.
This is blinding of protection.