Electrostatics
Electrostatics
Electrostatics
ELECTROSTATICS
1. If a charge on the body is 1nC, then how many electrons Sol. (d) Important properties of electric field lines are –
are present on the body ? (i) Electric field lines come out of a positive charge and
(a) 1.6 × 10–19 (b) 6.25 × 1019 go into the negative charge (continuous but never
(c) 6.25 × 109 (d) 6.25 × 1028 form close loop).
Sol. (c) Q = + ne (ii) No two electric field lines intersect each other.
(iii) Electric field lines cannot exist inside a conductor.
Q 1109
n= = = 6.25 × 109 (iv) For the field lines to either start or end at infinity, a
e 1.6 1019
single charge must be used.
2. A metallic sphere is placed in a uniform electric field as (v) Whenever the field lines are closer together, the
shown in the figure. Which path is followed by electric field is strong.
field lines ?
B
A A C
B
C
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct. (where Q is the total charge enclosed by surface S)
(b) (i), (iii) are correct and (ii) is wrong.
2q q q
(c) Only (i) is correct = =
(d) (i), (ii) are correct, (iii) is wrong.
0 0
Sol. (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct. 8. The total flux through the faces of the cube with side of
5. Electric field lines provides information about – length a, if a charge q is placed at corner A of the cube is–
(a) Field strength (b) direction q q q q
(c) Nature of charge (d) All of these (a) (b) (c) (d)
0 0 0 0
2
Sol. (a) When a charge q is placed at corner A of the cube it the net electric flux remains zero. This means that
is being shared equally by 8 cubes, therefore, total the number of electric field lines entering the surface
q is equal to the field lines leaving the surface.
flux through the faces of given cube is 11. The sum of two points charges is 9C. They repel each
0 .
other with a force of 2N when kept 30cm apart in free
9. Which of the statement is not true about Gauss's law ? space. Calculate the value of each charge.
(a) Gauss's law is true for any closed surface. (a) 5C and 3C (b) 1C and 5C
(b) The term on the right side of Gauss's law include the (c) 3C and 5C (d) 5C and 4C
sum of all charges enclosed by the surface. Sol. (d) Let one point charge be xC and other is (9 – x)C.
(c) Gauss's law is not much useful in calculating Distance between the charge = 30 cm = 0.3m.
electrostatic field when the system has some According to Coulomb's law,
symmetry.
(d) Gauss's law is based on the inverse square dependence k x 10 6 9 x 106
F=
0.3
2
on distance contained in the Coulomb's law.
Sol. (c) Applications of Gauss law –
1. In any case a charge ring of radius R on its axis at a 9 109 x 9 x 10 12
distance x from the centre of the ring, 2=
0.3
2
1 qx
E = , At centre x = 0 and E = 0 or 20 = x (9 – x) x = 5, (9 – x) = 4
R2 x2
3
2
0 Therefore, charges are 5C and 4C.
12. What is the nature of Gaussian surface involved in Gauss
2. In case of an infinite line of charge, at a distance 'r'
law of electrostatics ?
(a) Scalar (b) Electrical
E = 2 r , where is the linear charge density.. (c) Magnetic (d) Vector
0
3. The intensity of the electric field near a plane sheet of Sol. (d) The Gauss law in electrostatics gives a relation,
Q
charge is E = , where is the surface charge == E . ds =
2 0 k S 0
Qq Qq q
(a) e
4 0 r (b) zero (c)
4 0 r 2 (d)
4 0 r 2
Sol. (b) Work done = Force × displacement. In this case, ++++++++++++
work done is zero because displacement is zero.
(a) 4.26 n sec (b) 2.92 n sec
16. An electric dipole with dipole moment 4 × 10–9 cm is
(c) 2.90 n sec (d) 4.20 n sec
aligned at 30º with the direction of a uniform electric
Sol. (b) For electron, me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg and Qe = 1.6 × 10–19C
field of magnitude 5 × 104NC–1. Calculate the magnitude
Force = qE = ma
of torque acting on the dipole.
(a) 10–4 Nm (b) 10–6 Nm (c) 10–5 Nm (d) 0 Qe E
For electron, a = me
Sol. (a) Torque () = p × E = pE sin
= 4 × 10–9 × 5 × 104 × sin 30º = 10–4 Nm 1.6 1019 2 10 4
17. Two point charge +q & +9q are separated by a distance = = 3.5 × 1015 ms–2
9.11031
of 10a. Find the point on the line joining the two charge
where electric field is zero.
1 2
Distance travelled, S = ut + at
2
4
15 –2
Here, u = 0 and a = 3.5 10 ms , S = 1.5 cm (i) If q < 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the
t = 2.92 ns plane of the ring, it will be pushed back towards the
20. A system has two charges QA = 2.5 × 10–7C and QB = – centre.
2.5 × 10–7C, located at point A = (0, 0 – 15 cm) and B (0, (ii) If q > 0 and is displaced away from the centre in a plane
0, + 15 cm) respectively. What are the total charge and of the ring, it will never return to the centre and will
electric dipole moment of the system ? continue moving till it hits the ring.
(iii) If q < 0, it will perform SHM for small displacement along
(a) q = 0, p = 7.5 × 10–7Cm(b) q = 0, p = 2 × 10–8Cm
the axis.
(c) q = 0, p = 7.5 × 10–8Cm(d) None of these (iv) q at the centre of the ring is in an unstable equilibrium
Sol. (c) For given system, total charge Qt = QA + QB = 0 and within the plane of the ring for q > 0.
Mark the correct option –
dipole moment p = Q (2l) (directed from – q to + q)
(a) (i) and (iv) are correct (b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
2l = 30cm = 0.3m
(c) All are correct (d) None of the above
p = 2.5 × 10–7 × 0.3 = 7.5 × 10–8Cm Sol. (c)
21. A dipole with dipole moment of magnitude p, is in stable 25. When a glass rod rubbed with silk is brought near the
gold leaf electroscope, the leaves diverge. What is the
equilibrium in an electrostatic field of magnitude p , is charge on leaves ?
in stable equilibrium in an electrostatic field of magnitude (a) Negative (b) zero (c) Positive
E. Find the work done in rotating this dipole to its position (d) Either negative or positive
of unstable equilibrium ? Sol. (c) On rubbing glass rod and silk clothes, glass rod
(a) Q = pE (b) W = 2pE (c) W = 0 (d) W = 4pE acquire positive charge. When the rod brought near
the disc of electroscope, the disc will acquire negative
Sol. (b) For stable equilibrium, angle between p and E is 0º
charge and there will be positive charge on the far
and for unstable equilibrium angle between p and end, that is on the leaves.
26. Identify the wrong statement in the following, Coulomb's
E is 180º.
law correctly described the electric force that –
Work done (W) = pE (cos Q1 – cos Q2)
(a) binds the electrons of an atom to its nucleus.
= pE (cos 0º –cos 180º) = 2pE
(b) binds the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an
22. The electric field intensity due to an infinite cylinder of
atom.
radius R & having charge q per unit length at a distance
(c) binds atom together to form molecules.
r, (r > R from its axis) –
(d) binds atoms and molecules to form solids.
(a) directly proportional to r2
Sol. (b) Coulomb's law is applicable for charge particles, it in
(b) directly proportional to r3
not responsible for binding of proton and neutron
(c) directly proportional to r–1
in the nucleus of an atom.
(d) directly proportional to r4
27. When the separation between two charges is increased,
q 1 the electric potential energy of charges –
Sol. (c) E = i.e. E
2 0 r r (a) may increase (b) may decrease
23. At a point on the axis of an electric dipole – (c) may increase or may decrease
(a) Electric field is zero (b) Electric potentil is zero. (d) No change
(c) Neither electric field nor electric potential is zero. 1 q1q2
Sol. (c) Potential energy, U = . If charges are of
(d) Electric field is directed perpendicular to axis. 4 0 r
Sol. (c)
same sign, then potential energy will decrease with
24. A positive charge Q is uniformly distributed along a
increase in r, and if charges are of opposite sign,
circular ring of radius R. A small test charge q is placed
then potential energy will increase with increase in r.
at the centre of the rin, then –
28. If the flux of the electric field is zero.
+ (a) The electric field may be zero everywhere on the
+ +
+ q surface.
z (b) The charge inside the surface must be zero.
+ +
(c) Both (a) and (b)
+
5
(d) The charge in the vicinity of the surface must be Sol. (b)
zero. 33. The amount of charge which is placed on a conductor,
Sol. (c) does not depend on –
29. An electric dipole is placed at the centre of a sphere – (a) the dielectric stength of the surrounding medium.
(a) The flux of the electric field through the sphere is (b) its capacitance (c) its potential
zero. (d) its size or shape
(b) The electric field is not zero anywhere on the sphere. Sol. (d)
(c) Both (a) and (b) 34. On rubbing, when one body gets positively charged
(d) The electric field is zero on a circle on the sphere. and other negatively charged, the electrons transferred
Sol. (c) The net charge of the dipole is Q = q – q = 0, and so from positively charged body to negatively charged
Q body are –
= = 0. (a) valance electron only
0
(b) electrons of inner shells
* The electric field of dipole is not zero anywhere of its (c) both valence electrons and electrons of inner shell.
vicinity. (d) yet to be established.
30. Two spheres of radii a and b respectively are charged Sol. (a) On charging by friction, only valance electrons can
and joined by a wire. The ratio of electric field of the be transferred.
sphere is – 35. What happens when some charged is placed on a soap
a b a2 b2 bubble ?
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 2 (a) Its radius decreases (b) Its radius increases
b a b a
(c) The bubble collapses (d) None of these
Sol. (c) For the connected spheres,
Sol. (b) As cohesive & adhesive forces are electromagnetic
kq1 kq2 in nature. Hence, size of soap bubble increases in
V1 = V2 or =
a b the presence of electric field.
q1 a 36. On charging by conduction, mass of a body may –
= , Electric fields are E1 and E2 (a) increase (b) decrease
q2 b
(c) increase or decrease (d) None of these
q1 Sol. (c)
E1 a 2 q1 b2 a b b
2
37. Select the correct statements, Coulomb's law correctly
= = × = × 2 = describes the electric force that –
E2 q2 q2 a2 b a a
b2 (a) binds the electrons of an atom to its nucleus.
(b) binds the atoms together to form molecules.
31. The ratio of the force between two charges q1 and q2
(c) binds the atoms or molecules to form solids or liquid
placed at a distance r from each other, in the S.I. and
(d) All of the above
CGS units is approximately (permittivity of free space is
Sol. (d)
8.85 × 10–12 C2N–1m2) –
38. Which of the following graph shows the correct variation
(a) 1.1 × 1010 (b) 9 × 109 (c) 1.1 × 109 (d) 9 × 10–12
of force (F) when the distance (r) between two charges
Sol. (b)
varies ?
32. Match the following –
List - 1 List - II F F
A. 1 Joule 1. 9 × 1011 e.s.u. (a) (b)
B. 1 Volt 2. 3 × 109 e.s.u.
C. 1 Coulomb 3. 107 erg r r
1
D. 1 Farad 4. e.s.u. F F
300
(c) (d)
Codes :
A B C D A B C D r r
(a) 1 4 2 3 (b) 3 4 2 1
kq1q2 1
(c) 2 3 1 4 (d) 2 4 1 3 Sol. (d) From Coulomb's law, F = i.e. F 2 ,
r2 r
6
–6 –9
which is correctly shown by graph (d). (c) 18 × 10 C (d) – 5 × 10 C
39. If one penetrates a uniformly charged spherical cloud, Sol. (b) According to Millikan oil drop experiment –
electric field strength – mg
(a) decreases directly as the distance from the centre. F = mg = qE q=
E
(b) increases directly as the distance from the centre.
(c) remains constant (d) None of these
or q =
3 10 10 = 5 × 10
6
–10
C.
Sol. (a) 6 10 4
(iii) (iv)
kqQ kQ 2 Q
– 2 2 = 2 = – 2 2
a 2a q
76. Two large parallel plates, separated by a distance of 3.0
mm have a capacitance of 10pF and are charged to a
75. A charge Q is placed at each of the opposite corners of potential of 12V by a battery. The plates are disconnected
a square. A charge q is placed at each of the other two of 12V by a battery. The plates are disconnected from
the battery and pulled apart to 5.0 mm. The potential
Q
corners. If the net electric force on Q is zero, then is difference between the plates is :
q
(a) 12 V (b) 20 V (c) zero (d) 7.2 V
equals to –
1
Q q Sol. (b) At constant Q, V
A B C
1
a 2 Again, C V d
D C
d
q a Q
V1 d1 d2
= V2 = × V1
1 V2 d 2 d1
(a) – 2 2 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d)
2
5 103
Sol. (a) Given that FA + FB + FD = 0, V2 = × 12 = 20 V
3 103
Where FA, FB and FD are applied by charges placed
at A, B and D on the charge placed at C.
FB + FD = – FA