Chemstry Invetigatory Project

KENDRIYA VIDHYALAYA
NO.1
PORT BLAIR
SESSION: 2022-2023
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
TOPIC: To determine which antacid neutralizes stomach the most
NAME : Ansia Meenaz

CLASS : 12 B
ROLL NUMBER : 24
SUBJECT : Chemistry
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ANSIA MEENAZ , Roll

NO.24 of Class XII B student of KENDRIYA
VIDYALAYA No. 1 , Port Blair has
successfully completed her project in
Chemistry for the AISSCE as prescribed by
CBSE in the year 2022-2023 .
Signature of Internal Signature of External Signature of

Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In my acknowledgement I would like to thank

everyone who devoted their precious time to help me
in preparing the project. In this respect I would like
to extend my gratitude to my Project In charge Ms.
Roshini Samuel, PGT Chemistry for making
continuous effort thereafter.
Ansia Meenaz
XII B
INDEX
Aim
Objective
Introduction
Acids
Stomach Acid
Some foods containing acids
Antacid
Action mechanism
Indication
Side Effects
Problems with reduced stomach acidity
Experiment Design
Materials Required
Procedure
Observation and Calculation
Result
Precautions
Learning Experiences
Bibliography
AIM
TO DETERMINE WHICH ANTACID

NEUTRALIZES STOMACH ACID MOST
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this experiment was to determine which

antacid could neutralize the most stomach acid.
I became interested in this idea when I saw some
experiments on medicines and wanted to find out some
scientific facts about medicines.
The information gained from this experiment will help the
people to know which antacid they should look for in the
stores. It will also let them know which antacid will give
them the most comfort. This could also save consumer’s
money and provide better health.
INTRODUCTION
Digestion in the stomach results from the action of gastric fluid,
which includes secretions of digestive enzymes, mucous, and
hydrochloric acid. The acidic environment of the stomach makes
it possible for inactive forms of digestive enzymes to be converted
into active forms (i.e. pepsinogen into pepsin), and acid is also
needed to dissolve minerals and kill bacteria that may enter the
stomach along with food. However, excessive acid production
(hyperacidity) results in the unpleasant symptoms of heartburn
and may contribute to ulcer formation in the stomach lining.
Antacids are weak bases (most commonly bicarbonates,
hydroxides, and carbonates) that neutralize excess stomach acid
and thus alleviate symptoms of heartburn. The general
neutralization reaction is:
Antacid + HCl —> Salts + H2O +CO2

(weak base) (stomach acid)
The hydrochloric acid solution used in this experiment (0.1 M)

approximates the acid conditions of the human stomach, which is
typically 0.4 to 0.5% HQ by mass (pH ~ 1).Antacids help people
who have or get heartburn. The information will help people to
understand how stomach acid works and what antacid will help
those most.
ACIDS
Acids are a group of chemicals, usually
in liquid form. They can be recognized
by their sour taste and their ability to
react with other substances. Acids are
confirmed as an acid by their pH. The pH
of acids ranges from 0-6.9 (below 7).
The two main acids are:
 Mineral acid
 Organic acid
The three well known acids are:
 Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
 Nitric acid (HNO3)
 Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
STOMACH ACID
Stomach acid is very dangerous. If a person

has an ulcer and the stomach acid would
irritate the other organs. Stomach acid is
highly acidic and has a pH of 1.6. Stomach
acid is hydrochloric acid produced by the
stomach. If there is too much stomach acid it
can cause heartburn. When stomach acid is
produced in abnormal amounts or location,
it is called heartburn. One of the symptom of
heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest or
abdomen.
SOME FOODS
CONTAINING ACIDS
Almost all foods and drinks and even
medicines have ingredients with different
acids. Some of them are listed below:
 Aspirin (Acetyl salicylic acid)
 Orange juice (Ascorbic acid/Vitamin C)
 Sour Milk (Lactic acid)
 Soda Water (Carbonic acid)
 Vinegar (Acetic acid)
 Apples (Malic acid)
 Spinach (Oxalic acid)
ANTACID
An antacid is any substance that can neutralize an acid.

All antacids are bases. A base is any substance that can
neutralize an acid. The pH of a base is 7.114 (above 7).
All antacids have chemical in them called a buffer. When
an antacid is mixed with an acid, the buffer tries to even
out the acidity and that is how stomach acid gets
neutralized. In an antacid it is not the name brand that
tells how well it works. It is called an active ingredient.
Not all antacids have a different active ingredient. Some
have one of the same active ingredients and some have all
of the same active ingredients. Almost all the antacids that
have the same active ingredient work the same amount as
the other. The active ingredient of most of the antacids is
bases of calcium, magnesium, aluminum.
ACTION MECHANISM
Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e. they
buffer gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the
stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the
nerves in the gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to
the central nervous system. This happens when these
nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. The gastric acid
may also reach ulcers in the esophagus or the duodenum.
Other mechanisms may contribute, such as the effect
of aluminum ions inhibiting smooth muscle cell
contraction and delaying gastric emptying.
Antacids are commonly used to help neutralize
stomach acid. Antacids are bases with a pH above 7.0 that
chemically react with acids to neutralize them. The action
of antacids is based on the fact that a base reacts with acid
to form salt and water.
INDICATIONS
Antacids are taken by mouth to relieve heartburn,
the major symptom of gastro esophageal reflux
disease, or acid indigestion. Treatment with antacids
alone is asymptotic and only justified for minor
symptoms. Peptic ulcers may require H2– receptor
antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. The
usefulness of many combinations of antacids is not
clear, although the combination of magnesium and
aluminum salts may prevent alteration of bowel
habits.
Side effect
Aluminium hydroxide: may lead to the
formation of insoluble aluminium phosphate
complexes, with a risk of hypophosphate and
osteomalacia. Although aluminium has a low
gastrointestinal absorption, accumulation may
occur in the presence of renal insufficiency.
Aluminium containing drugs may cause
constipation.
Magnesium hydroxide: has a laxative property.
Magnesium may accumulate in patients with renal
failure leading to hypo magnesia, with
cardiovascular and neurological complications.
Calcium: compounds containing calcium may
increase calcium output in the urine, which might
be associated to renal stones. Calcium salts may
cause constipation.
Carbonate: regular high doses may cause
alkalosis, which in turn may result in altered
excretion of other drugs and kidney stones.
PROBLEMS WITH
REDUCED STOMACH
ACIDITY
Reduced stomach acidity may result in an impaired

ability to digest and absorb certain nutrients, such as
iron and the B vitamins. Since the low pH of the
stomach normally kills ingested bacteria, antacids
increase the vulnerability to infection. It could also
result in the reduced bioavailability of some drugs.
For example, the bioavailability of ketocanazole
(antifungal) is reduced at high intragastric pH (low
acid content).
EXPERIMENT
The constants in this study were:
 Type of acid
 Consistency of procedures
The variables in the study were:

 Different types of antacid used
The responding variable were

 The amount of stomach acid each antacid
could neutralize was measured in ml.
MATERIALs REQUIRED
Burette,
Pipette,
Titration flask,
Measuring flask,
Beaker,
Weighing machine,
Concentrated sulphuric acid,
Methyl orange,
Antacid samples.
PROCEDURE
 Prepare half litre of N/10 HCl solution by diluting
10 ml of the concentrated acid to 1 litre.
 Prepare N/10 sodium carbonate solution by
weighing exactly 1.325 g of anhydrous sodium
carbonate and then dissolving it in water to
prepare exactly 0.25 litre of solution.
 Standardize the HCl solution by titrating it against
the standard sodium carbonate solution using
methyl orange as indicator.
 Take 20 ml of standardized HCl in the conical
flask, use methyl orange as indicator and see the
amount of base used for neutralization.
 Powder the various sample of antacids tablets and
weigh 10 mg of each.
 Take 20 ml of standardized HCl solution in the
conical flask; add the weighed samples to it.
 Add two drops of methyl orange and warm the
flask till most of the powder dissolves. Filter off the
insoluble material.
 Titrate the solution against the standardized
Na2C03 solution till a permanent red tinge appears.
 Note the amount of base used for titration and note
the reduction in the amount of base used.
 Repeat the experiment with different antacids.
OBSERVATIONS AND
CALCULATIONS
Standardization of HCl solution

Volume of N/10 sodium carbonate solution taken : 20.0 ml
S.
No.
Initial burette Final burette Volume of acid
Readings (in ml) Readings(in ml) used (in ml)
1. 0.0 15.0 15.0
2. 0.0 14.0 14.0
3. 0.0 15.0 15.0
Concordant reading—15.0 ml applying normality

equation.
(N.V) acid = (N.V) base
15N = (1/100 x 20)
Normality of HCL solution = 0.133 N
Neutralization of standardized
HCl solution used
Analysis of antacid tablets

Weight of the antacid tablet powder : 10 mg
Volume of HCl solution added : 20.0 ml
S. Initial reading Final reading Volume of acid

No. Antacid of burette of burette Na2CO3
1. Gelusil 0.0 ml 15.0 ml 15 ml
2. Aciloc 150 0.0 ml 22.0 ml 22 ml
3. Fantac 20 0.0 ml 25.0 ml 25 ml
4. Pantop 20 0.0 ml 20.0 ml 20 ml
5. Ocid 10 0.0 ml 7.0 ml 7 ml

RESULT
The most effective antacid out of the taken sample is
Geneton.
PRECAUTIONS
All apparatus should be cleaned and washed
properly.
Burette and pipette must be rinsed with the
respective solution to be put in them.
Air bubbles must be removed from the burette and
jet.
Last drop from the pipette should not be removed
by blowing.
The flask should not be rinsed with any of the
solution, which is being titrated.
Learning experience
Bibliography

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KENDRIYA VIDHYALAYA

NAME : Ansia Meenaz

This is to certify that ANSIA MEENAZ , Roll

Signature of Internal Signature of External Signature of

In my acknowledgement I would like to thank

TO DETERMINE WHICH ANTACID

The purpose of this experiment was to determine which

Antacid + HCl —> Salts + H2O +CO2

The hydrochloric acid solution used in this experiment (0.1 M)

Stomach acid is very dangerous. If a person

An antacid is any substance that can neutralize an acid.

Reduced stomach acidity may result in an impaired

The variables in the study were:

The responding variable were

Standardization of HCl solution

Concordant reading—15.0 ml applying normality

15N = (1/100 x 20)

Normality of HCL solution = 0.133 N

Analysis of antacid tablets

Volume of HCl solution added : 20.0 ml

S. Initial reading Final reading Volume of acid

5. Ocid 10 0.0 ml 7.0 ml 7 ml

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