Harvard Referencing 2021
Harvard Referencing 2021
Harvard Referencing 2021
Harvard Referencing
Contents
Referencing 2
Short quotation 3
Long quotation 4
Secondary referencing 4
Books 5
Journals 7
Newspapers 8
The Internet 9
Conferences/theses/public lectures 11
Other sources 12
Visual sources 16
Audio-visual material 17
Live performances 20
Computer games 21
Computer programmes 21
Personal communication 22
Next u
2 referencing
Referencing
What is referencing? that you might encounter during the course of your
Referencing is indicating in assignments when you have studies. Please seek advice from your lecturer, the Study
used material that has not originated with you. This Skills Service, or your Faculty Advice Centre if you need
might include factual information, data, images, opinion, guidance that does not feature here.
direct quotation, or when you summarise or paraphrase
the work of other people. There are several ways of including sources in your work.
You can summarise, paraphrase or directly quote the
Why reference? information. You may also wish to secondary reference
The majority of academic assignments measure your and/or refer to an author with more than one publication
ability to understand, analyse and evaluate the work of in a single year. Whichever you use, you let your reader
others. Consequently, referencing is a crucial part of this know by setting out the referencing details in a subtly
as it informs the reader of the texts you have consulted different way as below.
during research; you will also be assessed on the quality
and relevancy of these sources. It is important to Please note that the guide presents information in
remember that referencing carries a percentage of the columns. References in text or in a list should be written
overall marks if undertaken appropriately. across the full page when writing your assignment.
Short quotation
Reference example:
Chartrand, M., Millar, C. and Wiltshire, E. (1997) English
for contract and company law. London: Sweet and
Maxwell.
Long quotation
Reference example:
Strongman, K. T. (2006) Applying psychology to
everyday life: a beginner’s guide. Chichester: John Wiley
and Sons Ltd.
Secondary referencing
In-text example: Note
McMahon’s (1994) experience as cited in Parahoo (2006, Sometimes authors refer to the work/ideas of others.
p. 246) draws attention to the dilemma surrounding the These are known as secondary references. For instance,
issue of persuasion when attempting to recruit Parahoo in 2006 makes reference to McMahon’s
participants. experience in 1994. The details of Parahoo’s work should
be included in the reference list since this is the work you
Reference example: have read. (It is not advisable to use too many of these).
Parahoo, K. (2006) Nursing research: principles, process
and issues. 2nd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Reference example:
Baron-Cohen, S. (1989a) ‘The autistic child’s theory of
mind: A case of specific developmental delay’, Journal of
Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, pp. 285-298.
E-book
In-text example: Reference order:
Increasingly complex and refined electrical systems have 1. Author(s) / editor(s) (surname or family name
had a significant impact on the changing form of before initials)
telecommunications (Anttalainen, 2003). 2. Year of publication of book (in round brackets)
3. Title of book (in italics)
Reference example: 4. Edition (only include the edition number
Anttalainen, T. (2003) Introduction to telecommunication if it is not the first edition)
network engineering. NetLibrary. Available at: http:// 5. Name of e-book collection (in italics)
www.netlibrary.com (Accessed: 20 June 2011). 6. Available at: URL/OR doi
E-book
7. (Accessed: date) numbe s often lack pa
rs, ge
DOI –(Digital Object Identifier) is a numbered tag used to identify online sources including conference papers and section so use the ch
or locat apter,
journal articles. The DOI (written as doi in your reference list) is often used in place of the URL. identify t ion num
he ber
point y quote or the s to
ou are p pecific
Place p arap
E-Book via an e-book reader eg Kindle age num hrasing.
availab bers, if
le, aft
the in-t er the date in
In-text example: ext refe
Reference order: rence.
According to Forsyth (2011, Location 532 of 5144) “Our 1. Author(s) / editor(s) (surname or
word sky comes from the Viking word for cloud, but in family name before initials)
England there’s simply no difference between the two 2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
concepts, and so the word changed its meaning because (use the publication date of the version being used)
of the awful weather.” 3. Title of book (in italics)
4. Edition (only include the edition number
Reference example: if it is not the first edition)
Forsyth, M. (2011) The etymologicon: A circular stroll 5. E book format (Kindle format, ePub format, Adobe
through the hidden connections of the English language. ebook format etc)
Kindle format [e-book reader]. Available at: 6. [e-book reader]
http://www.amazon.co.uk (Accessed: 20 January 2012). 7. Available at: URL/OR doi
8. (Accessed: date)
Reference example:
Oberg, C. (2019) ‘The role of business networks for
innovation’, Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 4(2),
pp.124-128. Available at: doi:10.11016/j.jik.2017 .10.001
(Accessed: 19 June 2019).
Note: Elements such as database or collection title (eg, Cochrane Library or Sage Publications) or [Online] do
not need to be included as long as your reference allows the reader to locate the article.
Newspaper interview
In-text example:
In order to respond to emergent oppositions in the
The quali
future, researchers can access neutron scattering ty of a we
page wit b
competences (Neutron Sciences, no date). h no auth
date nee or or
ds to be
question
Reference example: ed, ie, is it
suitable fo
ry
Neutron Sciences (no date) Proton power upgrade academic our
work?
project. Available at: https://neutrons.ornl.gov/ppu
(Accessed: 19 June 2019).
Blogs
Wikis
Theses
Public Lecture
When referencing government publications the recognised Publications from the Scottish and Welsh governments should be
convention is to use Great Britain rather than United Kingdom. prefaced with either Scotland or Wales respectively.
Legal cases
In-text example: Reference order:
The case of Abramova v Oxford Institute of Legal Practice 1. Name of parties involved in the case (in italics)
[2011] upheld… i.e. case name
2. Date in square brackets, if a volume number is used
Reference example: then date is in round brackets
Abramova v Oxford Institute of Legal Practice [2011] 3. Volume number (if used)
EWHC 613 (QB). 4. Abbreviation of name of report and first page of
report
In-text example: OR if online:
Re. C (1994) is a landmark case relating to mental
Case name (in italics)
capacity and refusal of medical treatment.
[Year] or (Year)
Reference example: Court and case number.
Re. C (1994) 1 All E.R. 819. Database or website (in italics)
Available at: URL
OR if online:
Abramove v Oxford Institute of Legal Practice [2011] EWHC
(Accessed: date).
613 (QB). BAILII. Available at: http://www.bailii.org/ew/
cases/EWHC/QB/2011/613.htm (Accessed: 21 June 2019).
Photographs — prints/slides
Sculpture
TV programme
Episode of a TV series
Film
Film on DVD
Film on Youtube
Musical score
Vidcasts/vodcasts
iTunes U collection
In-text example: Reference order:
Roche et al. (2010) highlights... 1. Author/s (surname or family name before initial)
2. Year posted (in round brackets)
Reference example: 3. Title (in italics)
Roche, P., Griffiths, M., and Richards, B. (2010) Our 4. Publisher
Amazing Universe. University of South Wales. iTunesU 5. Download site (name in italics)
[Download]. Available at: 6. [Download]
https://itunes.apple.com/gb/itunes-u/our-amazing- 7. Available at: URL
universe/id527125588?mt=10. (Accessed: 17 December 8. (Accessed: date)
2010).
.
"You know, there’s lots of people in the industry say, ‘I 1. Title of prog (italics)
discovered Alexander McQueen’. But you don’t discover 2. Year of original transmission (in round brackets)
talent. Talent’s there. You open doors for 3. Name of channel
talent” (McQueen, 2020).. 4. Day and month of original transmission
5. Time location
Reference example:
6. Streamed from:
McQueen (2020) BBC Two Television, 26 September. 21:45.
7. (Accessed:).
Streamed from: BoB (Accessed: 18 May 2021).
Streamed film
In-text example: Reference order:
Koreeda was a deserving winner of the 2018 Palme d'Or 1. Title of film (in italics- important words capitalised)
for Shoplifters (2018). 2. Year of distribution (in round brackets)
Reference example: 3. Directed by
Shoplifters (2018) Directed by Hirokazu Koreeda [Film]. 4. [Film]
Japan: GAGA Pictures. Streamed from: BoB (Accessed: 18 5. Place of distribution: Distribution company
May 2021). 6. Streamed from:
7. (Accessed).
audio visual material/live performances 20
Podcast
Reference where the podcast was displayed for download Reference order:
1. Author/presenter (surname or family name
In-text example: before initials)
O’Sullivan (2007) discussed issues on tourism safety and 2. Year that the podcast was posted (in round brackets)
security. 3. Title of podcast (in single quotation marks)
4. Title of Internet site (in italics)
Reference example: 5. [Podcast]
O’Sullivan, D. (2007) ‘Challenges of tourism growth’, The 6. Day/month of posted podcast
University of Glamorgan Podcasts [Podcast]. 15 August. 7. Available at: URL
Available at: http://podcasting.weblog.glam.ac.uk/ 8. (Accessed: date)
(Accessed: 18 July 2010).
iBook
In-text example: Reference order:
Djebarni et al. (2014) provide essential information with 1. Author/s (surname/family name before initial)
regard to research methods. 2. Year posted (in round brackets)
3. Title (in italics)
Reference example: 4. Publisher
Djebarni, R., Burnett, S. and Richards, B. (2014) Research 5. Download site (name in italics)
Methods for Business Students, Managers and 6. [Download]
Entrepreneurs.University of South Wales. iTunesU 7. Available at: URL
[Download]. Available at: 8. (Accessed: date)
https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/research-methods-for-
business/id862468951?ls=1&mt=13. (Accessed: 17
December 2014).
Reference example:
Bob Dylan (2000) [Sheffield Arena. 22 September].
Computer Game
Computer Programme
Personal Communications
This revised University of South Wales Guide to Harvard Referencing is credited to the collaboration between the
Student Development and Study Skills Service and USW Libraries.
Inspiration for this revised Guide is acknowledged to Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2010) Cite them right: the essential
referencing guide. 8th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
For in-depth guidance on referencing we recommend that you borrow or purchase this textbook.