A Study of Supply Chain Management of Pomegranate in Kutch

District

SUBMITTED TO
Dr. Nabirasool D
((Assistant Professor- Marketing, IIPMB)

SUBMITTED BY
Mr. Suraj Ugale
(PGDMABPM20-86)
 Indian Institute of Plantation Management, Bengaluru

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the winter project report titled “A Study of Supply Chain Management of
Pomegranate In Kutch District” by Mr. Suraj Ugale (PGDMABPM20-86) submitted in partial
fulfilment of PGDM 2020-22 is an original work and no part has been submitted or published for
the award of any degree or diploma.

Comments by the Examiner: Signature of the Examiner:

Date:

Name of Faculty

Dr. Nabirasool D

(Assistant Professor- Marketing)

Indian Institute of Plantation Management, Bengaluru

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis project report entitled “A Study of Supply Chain Management
of Pomegranate In Kutch District” submitted for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of
Post Graduate Diploma in Management Agribusiness and Plantation Management) of Indian
Institute of Plantation Management (IIPM), Bengaluru is my original work and not submitted in
partial or full for award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or similar titles.

Date: Suraj Ugale

Place: IIPM, Bengaluru (PGDMABPM20-86)

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Executive Summary:
Horticulture is a great approach to gain economic independence. India is the world's second-largest
producer of fruits, trailing only China. The market is the final and most essential step in the
pomegranate growing process. It is well recognized in the Indian pomegranate industry that small
farms produce the highest yields of Bhagwa variety. This is due to the high level of
micromanagement required by grapes as a crop. Every production activity, including trimming,
spraying, fertilizer application, and harvesting, must be completed in a precise order and within a
specific time frame. Farmers, along with their families and trustworthy aids, must personally
investigate production processes; else, the success rate will be shattered.

Pomegranates are grown in Gujarat's Kachchh, Banas Kantha, and Mehsana districts. Most small
growers sell their produce on the farm or to individual traders. Only top and semi-top-grade fruits
are taken by pre-harvest contractors and individual traders. Most large producers sell their produce
in the district and national markets. In comparison to manufacturing costs and market channel
costs, market channel costs are higher. Growers receive lower compensation for six months
compared to private traders, wholesalers, and retailers who receive advantages in five to fifteen
days. Due to a lack of market intelligence or information, growers receive little benefits. Because
there are around five intermediaries between growers and customers, pomegranate market rates
rise gradually until they reach consumers. The price difference between the farmer and the
consumer is around 2.5 times. The retailer sells in modest quantities, and his consumer shares are
small.

Pomegranate benefits are determined on the distance between farmers and consumers. The chain
needs to be smaller to gate excellent returns. Between growers and consumers, there are specific
market chains, such as pre-harvest contractors. Every market chain reaps its own rewards, resulting
in an increase in the rate of fruit production. According to a poll, when growers receive 45 rupees
per kilogram, they sell it to consumers for 101 rupees per kilogram. It means that the monthly
production cost is 45 Rs, while the market chain gains 56 Rs. Growers are burdened with an
additional quantity. Growers should have market awareness to earn good returns. They should sell
their fruit in small chains or directly to consumers to avoid market chains.

As a result, the pomegranate fruit market chain is quite intricate. Research of the pomegranate fruit
market chain in Gujarat's Kutch district has been undertaken.

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Introduction

India has always been known in the world for its Rural Based Economy, as nearly 65% of its
population is dependent on Agriculture &other rural businesses. According to the census of India,
2011, the population of India is more than 1.21 billion and out of it 72.2% population belongs to
the rural area. So, the Analysis of the rural development is very much required in India.

Horticulture is a great approach to gain economic independence. India is the world's second-largest
producer of fruits, trailing only China. The pomegranate crop in India is thought to have been
grown 400 years ago, according to certain literature. India is the world's leading producer of
pomegranate fruits. Pomegranates have been popular in drier sections of the country due to their
drought-tolerant, low-maintenance, and market-rate features. This crop has become a major cash
crop in the drier portions of the country over the previous few decades. The state of Maharashtra
is recognized as India's "fruit bowl.

Pomegranate-

Pomegranate is a high value crop, and its entire tree is of great economic importance. Pomegranate
is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra. It is cultivated in an area of 43,151 ha with a total
production of 4, 31,510 tones producing about 85% of the total Indian production,thereby leading
in Pomegranate production in the country. Pomegranate production is led by Maharashtra,
followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. Pomegranate cultivars grown
in Maharashtra include Ganesh, Bhagwa, Ruby, Arakta, and Mridula. Pomegranate is
commercially grown in Maharashtra's Solapur, Sangli, Nasik, Ahmednagar, Pune, Dhule,
Aurangabad, Satara, Osmanabad, and Latur districts; Karnataka's Bijapur, Belgaum, and Bagalkot
districts; and, to a lesser extent, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

STATES VARIETY GROWN

Maharashtra Ganesh, Bhagwa, G-137, Mridula and Ruby
Andhra Predesh Ganesh, Bhagwa, and G-137
Karnataka Bhagwa, Jyoti and Ruby
Tamil Nadu Mridula, Ganesh, Jyoti and Co-1 (hybrid)
Rajasthan Jalore seedless and Bhagwa
Gujarat Dholka, Jalore seedless and Ganesh
Madhya Predesh Jyoti and Bhagwa

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While the area planted with pomegranates has only almost doubled in the last decade, production
has nearly tripled. This explains the impressive improvement in productivity of Indian
pomegranates from around 7.2 MT per hectare to about 12 MT per hectare between 2006–07 and
2017–18. However, Maharashtra's yields, particularly in Nashik, are substantially greater, at
around 17 tonnes per acre. According to KIIs, yields from precision agricultural practices in
Maharashtra can reach 25 MT per hectare.

Pomegranate Supply Chain

Fresh vegetable marketplaces around the world have altered considerably in the previous two
decades. Consumer demand has shifted because of positive economic growth in most of Asia and
the Pacific, as well as technology advancements in marketing and strong retail purchasing power.
Consumer tastes have shifted because of greater food safety knowledge, increased fresh produce
consumption, and desire for a variety of familiar and unusual produce items, organic produce, and
convenience meals. Consumers are becoming more concerned about the environmental and social
conditions in which their food is produced. Consolidation has occurred at a rapid rate in the retail
sector, as huge supermarket chains have arisen. As a result, relationships among growers,
wholesalers, supermarkets, and retailers have shifted.

Seed is the starting point for effective horticulture supply chain management. a seed is a little,
simple object that grows into a large tree that bears fruits and hundreds of seeds when given the
right soil and moisture conditions. when properly cared for in the nursery and transplanted to the
field, a seed can cover millions of hectares of land with trees and delectable fruits. the fruits are
either sold in the Indian market for human consumption or transported for commerce in the export
market. good quality food that is appropriately packaged to cause little physical and microbial
harm to fruits is required for transportation to remote locations. Because of the favorable field
circumstances, there are little post-harvest losses, making the fruit appropriate for freezing.

Chittorgarh market in Rajasthan has the highest price per quintal at 15000 INR, followed by
Bhiwani market in Haryana and Azadpur market in Delhi. The Azadpur market in Delhi receives
the most fruits, followed by Mumbai, Nagpur, and Sangli in Maharashtra, and Ahmadabad in
Gujarat.

With a total production of 558.30 MT, Maharashtra state cultivates the most pomegranate (78000
h), followed by Karnataka (16000 h). These two states account for around 75% of the entire
country's production. Pomegranate production is growing in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. The
export potential of the Jalore seedless variety appears to be bright in the foreseeable future as the
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coastline line in Gujarat decreases.

Pomegranate production and area have both increased steadily in the country. The area under
pomegranate is expected to expand to 7.5 lakh ha by 2025, up from 1.13 lakh ha currently.
Production is predicted to expand tenfold, with exports increasing sevenfold. To enable high-
quality production, a solid research foundation would be required.

Maharashtra and Karnataka grow pomegranates as a major fruit crop. Pomegranate production in
Maharashtra is primarily focused on the Western Maharashtra and Marathwada regions.
Commercial pomegranates are grown in the districts of Solapur, Sangli, Nashik, Ahmednagar,
Pune, Dhule, Aurangabad, Satara, Osmanabad, and Latur. Maharashtra cultivates the varieties
Ganesh and Bhagwa, which are suited for export.

Pomegranates are primarily shipped by sea to Europe (42%), the Middle East (47%), and adjacent
nations (1%). The complete export shipment is packed into 4 kg boxes with varying counts of 10,
12, and 15 kilograms. Only 10 fruits may fit into a carton if the fruits are large. To fill a large
container, it is anticipated that 4000 cartons divided into pellets are required. Pellets aid in the
preservation of carton structure while also safeguarding the fruit from harm during transportation.

Farmers continue to get most of the benefits of production (89 percent). If the produce is sold in
the Indian market, the profit margin for the service provider is reduced because the grade of fruit
sold in India is inferior to that exported. A service provider will buy an orchard if 40% of the fruits
are of export quality. A single container of fruit requires 16 tonnes, or 4000 cartons. The container
collecting time is seven months, and if the produce is delayed for any natural or man-made reason,
the benefits to service providers and farmers are correspondingly diminished; the Indian market is
governed by the export market. Fresh produce availability for processing and value addition is
only 2-3% of total production; processing sectors have tremendous growth potential as FDI is

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released up to 100% in this sector; the National Mission on Food Processing is a giant step forward
in promoting the processing sector relative to farming enterprises.

Trading Chain of Pomegranate

The unique characteristics of agricultural output, such as small-scale and dispersed production,
seasonality and perishability of items, transportation and communication, and so on, necessitate a
large number of intermediates between the producer and the end consumer. Agricultural products
are assembled and distributed by all of the agencies. Agricultural goods can sometimes be directly
transferred from farmers to consumers. Agricultural commodities, on the other hand, are often
transferred from farmers to consumers through intermediaries or middlemen through indirect
marketing. The number of intermediates might be anywhere from one to numerous. The agencies
engaged in the agriculture supply chain are listed below.

Producers:
Most farmers or producers, perform one or more marketing functions. They sell the surplus either
in the village or in the market. Some farmers, especially the large ones, assemble the produce of
small farmers, transport it to the nearby market, sell it here and make a profit.

Pre-Harvest Contactors

At the end of the fruit growing process, local contractors and pomegranate producers arrange fruit
exchange. Growers' oral agreements by the harvesting of fruits allow them to borrow money from
per harvest contractors as needed. They had faith in one other and continued to do so. In
comparison to growers, contractors make the most money. As a result, farmers opt to diversify
their fruit offerings to appeal to a wider clientele. Around 12.7 percent of growers sold their
products to pre-harvest contractors on mutually agreeable terms. Pomegranate producers were
obligated to sell their fruit to a specific agency. Growers were always paid 5 to 10 Rs. per kg less
than the market rate by the harvest contractor.

Aggregator at the Village Level

Around 10-15% of an orchard's produce is sold through aggregators at the village level. These
fruits are very small in size when the contractor harvests the fruits, hence they are not plucked by
the contractor. Later, the farmer harvests them and sells them through village aggregators at the
APMC marketplaces of Nashik, Malegaon, and Satana. Farmers, pre-harvest contractors, village
level aggregators, Commission agents, wholesalers, semi-wholesalers, and retailers are the
primary stakeholders in the pomegranate trade.

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Private Traders
With the cooperation of locals, private traders conduct a survey of the entire area. When the yield
of pomegranate fruits is high, growers are notified. The private traders are national market
representatives. The study region is stated in national marketplaces such as Delhi, Kanpur,
Kolkatta, Indor, Bhopal, Zhansi, Surat, Ahemdabad, and others. Pomegranate pilots are local
growers that are hired by these traders. Pomegranate pilots assist traders. He is hired monthly or
on a quantity basis. Growers negotiate with the proposed price before deciding to work with the
trader; the availability of fruit in bulk, as well as the current price in the local and destination
markets, are all essential pricing determining criteria. In the research area, this sort of marketing
is very prevalent. On the farm, about 23.12% of growers sold their fruit to private traders. Its
marketing strategy is also known as on-farm pomegranate sales, and it saves the grower money on
fruit marketing. Traders organise fruit harvesting processes such as harvesting, shorting, packing,
converting, and so on. On the same day of harvesting, the amount of yield is calculated. However,
merchants and farmers are becoming increasingly cautious because of a recent trend.

Agents who work on commission

Locals refer to commission agents as Dalal or agents. The farmers sell their fruit through it, which
includes a breakdown of their commission charges, which range from 4 to 10% depending on the
market. The open auction method is often regarded as superior to other methods. Some growers
have claimed that this is a fake form of competition. There is also unity among fruit agents, who
agree on a price to begin auction by mutual agreement, so they do not offer greater prices for the
fruits. Some commission agents act as wholesalers, resulting in a higher profit margin in the
pomegranates.

Wholesalers: `
There are two sorts of wholesalers: local wholesalers and national wholesalers. Local wholesalers
are a type of commission agent who has a vital role in the fruit marketing industry. They buy fruit
either through a commission agent or directly from market producers. They provide fruit to local
retailers and distributors, who then deliver the fruit to a district or state location. National
wholesalers oversee fruit distribution on a national and international scale. Smaller wholesalers
who work for national wholesalers are also included.

Wholesalers are classified as

• Local wholesalers, who deliver their purchases to local retailer.

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• Provincial wholesalers some time called as distributor selling to the retailers of a particular
district or a state and

• National wholesalers located at a strategic place and distributed goods all over the country.

Retailers
He is the last link in chain of middleman, who sells directly to consumer. He takes title to goods,
sells and sets up business usually amidst the consumer's groups. He buys his requirement usually
from the wholesalers. Retailers in producing areas may have direct contact with producers and
buys goods from them for resale.

Co-operative Marketing Societies

Main function is that of commission agency i.e.

• Selling the product of members.

• They also undertake outright purchases.

• Provide storage facilities for storage and grading and

• Save cultivators from exploitation by traders and help farmers in getting fair price for their
produce.

• Performing functions of processing of raw produce.

Pucca Arhatias

He is the real purchase in the wholesale market on his own behalf of acting for some businessmen,
firms in consuming markets. Big mills (rice, oils, cotton etc.) play as their agent and order him to
purchase certain quantity within a given range of price. When pucca arhatia trades on his own, the
dispose of his produce brought by him through dealers in different parts of country.

Katcha Arhatia

He also advances money to the cultivators and village banias on the condition that the produce
will be disposed of through him alone and hence charges a very nominal rate of interest on the
money advanced. Katcha arhatia charges commission for services rendered by him. Important link
between the village cultivator or traders on the one hand

Village Merchants

He is an important agency in the collection of produce and more so when the mandi is situated at

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a considerable distance from the village. He advances from his shop either on credit or for
exchange of food grain or so price given for cultivator's produce. The quantities of argil. Produce
so collected are either disposed of in the mandi or retained for resale in the village in the processed
forms, such as rice, flour, oil etc. Itinerant

Traders
They are small merchants, who move from village to village and buy the produce from cultivator's
house. They give a lower price than selling in the nearby market and in setting transportation take
into consideration, the factors such as cost of transportation, market charges and profit margin.

Transport Agency

This agency assists in the movement of the produce from one market to another e.g., railways,
trucks, bullock carts, camel carts, tractor trolleys.

Communication Agency

It gives information about the prices prevailing, and quantity available and transactions e.g., post,
telephone, telegraph, newspapers, radio.

Advertising Agency

It allows potential consumers to assess product quality and make purchasing decisions for items
such as newspapers, radio, television, and movie slides.

Auctioneers
They put produce for auction and bidding by the buyers.

Objective-

A. To identify and map supply chain of pomegranate in Kutch district of Gujarat.

B. To examine the selling strategies of Pomegranate farmers.

C. To study the problems in existing supply chain of Pomegranate.

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Review of Literature

Surgul (2016): In his study points towards the profitability of pomegranates in Kandahar,
Afghanistan. He also discussed the lack of cold storages and information amongst the traders and
marketers. The study revealed that the lack of financial support is the big problem for the farmers
and traders of pomegranate in Arghandab district, farmers linkedthe problem of poor support of
government as second. Price fluctuations is the third bigproblem

Mohalkar & Bondar (2018): Maharashtra shares 70 % production to total production of

pomegranate in India. Pomegranate fruit crop produced in drought prone area of Maharashtra
include Solapur, Sangali, Pune, Ahmednagar, Nashik, Dhule and some partof Osmanabad districts.
In Ahmednagar districts mostly Karjat, Jamkhed, Shrigonda, Rahuri, Sangamner, Rahata and
Ahmednagar tehsils were prominent in pomegranate production. Market is last and an important
step in pomegranate cultivation. So, marketchain in pomegranate is very complicated.

(Reddy, 2009): Cane baskets and jute or gunny bags are used in handling vegetables. Loading and
unloading are carried out manually. Vegetables are not cleaned and washedof dirt and soil. No
sorting, grading and packaging of any kind is being done. No temperature-controlled storage or
warehousing is used across the chain. Information technology and advanced management
techniques are not deployed. Also, the distribution of selected commodities in the traditional
market channel involves multipleintermediaries and high cycle times

(Reddy, 2010): A large chunk of fresh fruits and vegetables is lost because of inadequate post-
harvest handling and lack of cold storage, processing facilities and convenient marketing channels

Nagesh (2006): studied the entrepreneurial behavior of pomegranate growers in Bagalkot district
of Karnataka. The main production problems which have been pointed out by the study were,
lack of technical know-how, scarcity of labor, pest and diseases,and lack of adequate credit
facilities, (Nagesh, 2006)

(Karbasi, 2009). Marketing is the term used to describe the efforts made by economic job
producers to plan, produce, distribute, sell, and service end-users in order to fulfil their demands.
Marketing agricultural products allows for the stabilisation of agricultural revenue and the
satisfaction of consumer demands by imposing a balance between demand and supply at various
stages from production to end consumption

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Research Methodology

Research methodology process includes several activities to be performed. These are set up in
the correct order for performing research. Several activities must be completed as part of the
research methodology procedure. To conduct this research work and obtain result, one activity
after another is finished. The best choice of a suitable technique, as well as an understanding
of its design and structure, are important for the interpretation of any research's results. The
interpretation of results, particularly in market research, is dependent on a thorough
understanding of the study area's physical and socio - economic characteristics

Pomegranate is grown commercially of varieties Bhagwa, Super Bhagwa, Ganesh. Cultivars

growing in India as well as Maharashtra for its increasing demand and getting higher price and
benefited to farmers. Present study was undertaken for studying the supply chain of grapes and
pomegranate.

Sampling Technique- For satisfactory results it is very necessary that researcher have to select
right size. To find right sample size selection of right sampling method should be correct.
Selection of district: In the Gujarat state, Kutch is one of the leading districts in the cultivation
pomegranate. Secondly Kutch district comes under the arid region of the scarcity zone which
is suitable for pomegranate cultivation. Hence, Kutch district was purposively selected.
Selection for tehsils: The primary unit of the sample was tehsils of Kutch districts. Selection of
sample/ Farmers: From tehsil 150 farmers who cultivate pomegranate who are small, medium
and large farmers were selected according to the ratio of total number of farmers. Thus, total
sample size for the research were 150.

Data Source-

Primary Data- Primary data is collected through Structured Questionnaire for Farmers who
cultivate pomegranate. The questions will be so designed to fulfill the objectives of the study.
Interviews of Pomegranate Farmer Observation made by the researcher while collecting the
data from farmers.

Secondary data- Secondary data required for analysis & collected from various sources like
annual reports of agricultural department, journals related to the topic various internet websites
related to the topic

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Description of study Area-

Figure 1. Map of Kutch district

Kutch district (sometimes written Kachchh) is a Gujarat district in western India, with Bhuj as
its seat (capital). It is India's largest district, with a total size of 45,674 km2. Kutch District is
larger than the entire states of Haryana and Kerala. Kutch has a population of roughly
2,092,371. It is divided into ten talukas, 939 villages, and six municipalities. The Kutchi people,
who speak the Kutchi language, live in the Kutch district.

The area is particularly noted for the environmentally significant Banni grasslands, which
comprise the outer belt of the Rann of Kutch, with their periodic marshy wetlands.

Kutch District is bordered on the south and west by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea, and
on the north and east by the Great and Little Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kutch. It is also close
to the Pakistani border. The Rann of Kutch remained wetlands for much of the year when there
were few dams built on its rivers. Even now, the region is damp for a large portion of the year.
According to the 2011 census, the district has a population of 2,092,371, with 30% of the
inhabitants living in urban areas.

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 CHAPTER 4:
Data Analysis:
1. Mapping Supply Chain of Pomegranates and Grapes in Ahmednagar district

Farmer Trader Wholesaler Retailer Consumer

Commission
Farmer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer
Agent

Fruit
Farmer
Company

Figure 2. Mapping the Supply Chain

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2. Income of Pomegranate Farmer:

No. of Farmer Pomegranate

Less Than 3 Lakh 15

3-5 Lakh 38

6-10 Lakh 12

More than 10 lakhs 10

Total 75

Income of Pomegranate

13% Less Than 3 Lakh

20%

16% 3-5 Lakh

6-10 Lakh

51% More than 10 lakhs

Figure 3. Income of Pomegranate Farmer

• From the survey carried out of 75 farmers, there are 20% farmers has income less than
3 lakh, around 51% farmer income is between 3-5 lakh annually. 16% farmer income
is in between 6-10 lakh.

• There are 13% farmer income is more than 10 lakhs annually in Kutch district.

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3. Channel Preference for Selling of Pomegranate:

Channel Preference Pomegranate

Channel 1 38

Channel 2 21

Channel 3 16

Total 75

Channel preference Pomegranate

Channel 1
21%

51% Channel 2

28%
Channel 3

Figure 5. Channel Preference of Pomegranate Farmer

Inferences- There are a greater number of farmers prefer to sell there produce to Farmer-Trader-
Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer. Farmer generally more reliable trader for selling their crop.
Problem faced during Supply of both Crop:

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 Problems faced during supply Score Rank
Finance 82 1

Labour 64 2

Transportation 48 3
Export Quality 32 4

Infrastructure 25 5

Problems faced in Supply Chain

90
82
80

70
64
60

50
48

40
32
30 25

20

10

0
Finance Labour Transportation Export Quality Infrastructure

Figure 8. Problem faced during supply

• From the study it is observed that, Major problem faced by farmer during supply of
pomegranate and grapes is finance which is around 55%.

• Labour problem is rank 2nd and Transportation, Export quality and Infrastructure
during supply of pomegranate and grape Supply.

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 4. Basis for farmer Sell Crop:

On what basis you sell the Crop Score Rank

Profit 98 2

Payment Guarantee 115 1

Trust and relationship 82 3

Convenience 62 4

Basis for selling

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Profit Payment Guarantee Trust and relationship Convenience

Figure 9. Basis For selling crop

• From the study it is observed that, 115 farmers prefer to sell there produce on the basis
of Payment guarantee, 98 farmers prefer to sell when they have better profit, 82 farmers
sell it to party in which they have trust and relationship, 62 farmers sell according to
their convenience.

Inferences-

Pomegranate farmers in Kutch district are mostly sell there produce on the basis of Payment

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 guarantee and Price. So, the trader or company need to make better trust with farmer while
purchasing.

Result and Discussion

• From the survey carried out of 75 farmers, there are 20% farmers has income less than 3
lakh, around 51% farmer income is between 3-5 lakh annually. 16% farmer income is in
between 6-10 lakh. There are 13% farmer income is more than 10 lakhs annually in Kutch
district.

• There are a greater number of farmers prefer to sell there produce to Farmer-Trader-
Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer. Farmer generally more reliable trader for selling their crop.

• There are a greater number of pomegranate farmer prefer to sell there produce from Farmer-
Fruit Company. New companies of fruit are capturing market and they reduce the work of
farmer to go in market for sell because they directly purchase from farmgate at better price.

• The study finds that farmer who has large number of lands holding and high income are
generally grow crops.

• The major number of farmers faced the problem of finance during crop cultivation So, to
encourage farmer government, need to Provide finance through various schemes.
Government also needs to focus on roadways infrastructure.

• Pomegranate farmers in Kutch district are mostly sell there produce based on Payment
guarantee and Price. So, the trader or company need to make better trust with farmer while
purchasing.

Problem Faced by Pomegranate farmer during Supply-

The major problems in the current supply chain of pomegranates are

1) Lack of markets

2) The high cost of exporting to foreign countries

3) The worst condition of highways and lack of proper transportation.

4) Lack of cold storage for keeping the Pomegranates for a long time, so the growers have to
sell the Pomegranates cheap by local traders when the fruits are on the tree.

5) Non-availability of standard grading, packaging and labeling facilities in urban areas.

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6) Financial support and credit are not available for farmers for purchasing of fertilizer,
pesticides and etc.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION-

CONCLUSION-
▪ Majority of farmers agree that pomegranate cultivation has a positive impact on
farmer’s economic upliftment. Most of farmers happy to cultivate pomegranate as it
gives more profit with respect to cost involvement. Pomegranate Cultivation is
increasing as farmers can cultivate pomegranate in un irrigated land, also water
requirement is less for pomegranate cultivation.

▪ Pomegranate Cultivation is increasing due to the subsidy provided by government in

Bhuj & Nakatrana talukas of Kutch.

▪ Small growers mostly sell their produce on farm or to private traders. from the survey
it is observed that Most of the farmer in Kutch district are small and marginal. Farmer
are less awareness about pest and disease management. It is observed that most of the
farmer sell there on the basis of Payment guarantee.

▪ Most of the farmer of Pomegranate, sell there produce directly to the trader and fruit
company respectively. Growers get low benefits due to lack of awareness of market
intelligence or information. Market rates of pomegranate increases step by step till it
reaches to consumers because about five intermediaries between growers and
consumers.

SUGGESTION-

Majority of farmers agree that pomegranate cultivation has a positive impact on farmer’s
economic upliftment. Most of farmers happy to cultivate pomegranate as it gives more profit
with respect to cost involvement. Pomegranate Cultivation is increasing as farmers can
cultivate pomegranate in unirrigated land, also water requirement is less for pomegranate
cultivation. Pomegranate Cultivation is increasing due to the subsidy provided by government
in Bhuj & Nakatrana talukas of Kutch. Small growers mostly sell their produce on farm or to
private traders. from the survey it is observed that Most of the farmer in Kutch district are small
and marginal. Farmer are less awareness about pest and disease management. It is observed
that most of the farmer sell there based on Payment guarantee.

Most of the farmer of Pomegranate, sell there produce directly to the trader and fruit company

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respectively. Growers get low benefits due to lack of awareness of market intelligence or
information. Market rates of pomegranate increases step by step till it reaches to consumers
because about five intermediaries between growers and consumers.

REFERENCE
Bibliography:
1. Negi, Saurav, and Neeraj Anand. "Issues and challenges in the supply chain of
fruits & vegetables sector in India: a review." International Journal of Managing
Value and SupplyChains 6.2 (2015): 47-62.

2. Nikmal, Gul Rahman. "SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS OF POMEGRANATES IN

KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN." (2019).

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Page | 21
ANNEXURES

Questionnaire

Name-……………………………………….

Gender-

o Male

o Female

Age-

o 20-30

o 21-40

o 41-50

o 50-60

o 60+

Education-

o Illiterate

o 10th

o 12th

o graduate

o post-graduate

Tehsil-…………………

Income-

o Less than 3 lakh

o 3-5 Lakh

o 5-10 Lakh

o 10+ Lakh

Page | 22
Crop Growing-

o Grape

o Pomegranate

o Both

Channel Prefer for selling crop-

1. Farmer-----Trader-------Wholesaler--------Retailer-------Consumer

2. Farmer----Commission Agent------Wholesaler-------Retailer-----Consumer

3. Farmer---- Fruit Company

Problems Facing during Supply-

o non-Availability of financial Support

o Labour

o High cost of transportation

o Lack of Infrastructure

o Less awareness about export quality

Mode of Transportation-

o Own Vehicle

o Rent

o No need

Third Party Intervention-

o Yes

o No

Packaging-

o Easy

o Not Easy

o Doesn’t need

Page | 23
On What basis sale the Article-

o Profit

o Trust & Relationship

o Payment Guarantee

o Easiness

Page | 24