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    Chapter Two

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    Iris Nguyễn
    This document summarizes Chapter Two from the textbook "English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course" by Peter Roach. It discusses the production of speech sounds, including the vocal tract, larynx, articulators (parts of the vocal tract involved in sound production), and describes the specific articulators - the pharynx, soft palate, hard palate, alveolar ridge, tongue, teeth, and lips. It also defines vowels sounds as voiced sounds without obstruction, and consonant sounds as those with obstruction, and lists the six short English vowel sounds.

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    Chapter Two

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    This document summarizes Chapter Two from the textbook "English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course" by Peter Roach. It discusses the production of speech sounds, including the vocal tract, larynx, articulators (parts of the vocal tract involved in sound production), and describes the specific articulators - the pharynx, soft palate, hard palate, alveolar ridge, tongue, teeth, and lips. It also defines vowels sounds as voiced sounds without obstruction, and consonant sounds as those with obstruction, and lists the six short English vowel sounds.

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    This document summarizes Chapter Two from the textbook "English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course" by Peter Roach. It discusses the production of speech sounds, including the vocal tract, larynx, articulators (parts of the vocal tract involved in sound production), and describes the specific articulators - the pharynx, soft palate, hard palate, alveolar ridge, tongue, teeth, and lips. It also defines vowels sounds as voiced sounds without obstruction, and consonant sounds as those with obstruction, and lists the six short English vowel sounds.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views4 pages

    Chapter Two

    Uploaded by

    Iris Nguyễn
    This document summarizes Chapter Two from the textbook "English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course" by Peter Roach. It discusses the production of speech sounds, including the vocal tract, larynx, articulators (parts of the vocal tract involved in sound production), and describes the specific articulators - the pharynx, soft palate, hard palate, alveolar ridge, tongue, teeth, and lips. It also defines vowels sounds as voiced sounds without obstruction, and consonant sounds as those with obstruction, and lists the six short English vowel sounds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    English Phonetics and Phonology, Chapter Two: The Production of Speech


    Sounds.

    Presentation · November 2021


    DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12148.68484

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    English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course

    Peter Roach, 14th Edition

    Second-year Classes

    Asst. Lec. Sara Alaa

    Chapter Two
    The Production of Speech Sounds

    Q 1. How speech sounds (phonemes) are produced?


    -The muscles in the chest produce the flow of air that is needed for all speech sounds.
    The air passes through the larynx, and goes through the vocal tract, which ends at the
    mouth (the oral cavity) and the nostrils (the nasal cavity). Here the air from the lungs
    escapes into the atmosphere.
    Q 2. What is meant by ‘articulators’?
    -Articulators are different parts of the vocal tract, these parts are necessary in sounds
    production.
    Q 3. What are the articulators above the larynx?
    -There are seven articulators above the larynx, these are: the pharynx, the soft palate,
    the hard palate, the alveolar ridge, the tongue, the teeth and the lips.
    Q 4. Define ‘the pharynx’
    -The pharynx is a tube which begins just above the larynx. It is about 7 cm long in
    women and about 8 cm in men; it divides into two ends, one part being the back of the
    oral cavity and the other being the beginning of the nasal cavity.
    Q 5. Define ‘the soft palate (velum)’
    -The soft palate (velum) is the part that allows air to pass through the nose and through
    the mouth, it is one of the articulators that can be touched by the tongue. Sounds like
    /k, g/ are produced when the tongue is in contact with the lower side of the soft palate,
    and they are called velar consonants.
    Q 6. Define ‘the hard palate’
    -The hard palate is often called the ‘roof of the mouth’. It has a curved surface. A
    consonant made with the tongue close to the hard palate is called palatal. The sound /j/
    in ‘yes’ is palatal.
    Q 7. Define ‘the alveolar ridge’
    -The alveolar ridge is placed between the top front teeth and the hard palate. Its surface
    is rough and covered with little ridges. Sounds made with the tongue touching this part
    like: /t, d, n/ are called alveolar.
    Q 8. Define ‘the tongue’ What are its parts?
    -The tongue is a very important articulator because it moves into many different places
    and different shapes. The parts of the tongue are: tip, blade, front, back and root.
    Q 9. Define ‘the teeth’
    -The teeth (upper and lower teeth). Sounds made with the tongue touching the front
    teeth, like: /θ, ð/ are called dental.
    Q 10. Define ‘the lips’
    -The lips are important in speech. They can be pressed together in sounds like: /p, b/
    are called bilabial, or brought into contact with the teeth in sounds like: /f, v/ are called
    labiodental, or rounded to produce the lip-shape for vowels like /u:/.
    Q 11. What is meant by ‘vowel sounds’?
    -Vowel sounds are set of voiced sounds in which there is no obstruction to the flow of
    air as it passes from the larynx to the lips.
    Q 12. What is meant by ‘consonant sounds’?
    -Consonant sounds are set of sounds in which there is an obstruction to airflow as it
    passes from the larynx to the lips.
    Q 13. How many English sort vowels are there?
    -There are six English short vowels: /ɪ, e, æ, ʌ, ʊ, ɒ/.
    /ɪ/ as in bit, pin, fish.
    /e/ as in bet, men, yes.
    /æ/ as in bat, man, gas.
    /ʌ/ as in cut, come, rush.
    /ɒ/ as in pot, gone, cross.
    /ʊ/ as in put, pull, push.
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