Roof and Stair Design

WHAT IS A ROOF?
A roof is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the
building or on uprights, providing protection against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. A roof is part
of the building envelope.
PARTS OF ROOFING
Ridge Board: A horizontal timber or metal resting at the peak of the roof. The rafters and trusses are connected to the ridge board for a cohesive framework.
Solid Decking: A composite decking made of solid materials. It resembles real wood and particularly strong and stable for bearing heavy load.
Felt Underlayment: It is a waterproofing layer made of regular felt, stacked above the solid decking board and then completely covered by the shingles or other
roofing materials.
Shingles: Roof covering typically of flat and rectangular shapes and made of various materials such as slate, wood, flagstone, plastic, metal and composite
materials.
Vent Pipe Flashing: An external installation on the roof that uses the vent pipe system to prevent water seeping in and create damage
Skylight: A window installed on the roof or ceiling for the purpose of daylighting.

Chimney Flashing: A waterproofing seal installed at the intersection of the roof and chimney and used to prevent moisture penetration.
Chimney: A vertical structure through the roof that ventilates smoke and combustion gases from a fireplace, boiler or stove to the outside atmosphere.
Collar Beam: The horizontal beam connecting two rafters that intersect at the ridge.
Rafter: One of a series of diagonal members of the truss that meet at the apex in order to support the roof deck and its loads.
Valley Flashing: A waterproofing seal installed along the roof’s valley line.
Valley Underlayment: A waterproofing layer that protects the roof valleys from leaking.
Spaced Sheathing: Also called Skipped Decking, it refers to the installation of the flat panels by spaces apart and results to a ladder-type appearance.
Fascia: The sheath covering the ends of the rafters.
Lookout: The horizontal joist projecting in cantilever from the wall plate.
Rake: The inclined sides of a gable end.
Gutter: A duct for water discharge system for a building.
Downspout: The channel that transports rainwater from the gutter.
Splash Block: Found underneath the downspout and used to transport the rainwater from the gutter in a direction away from the house.
TYPES OF ROOFING DESIGN
1. The A-Frame is very easy to identify.
It’s steep, pointed roof which extends all the way to the ground or close to the
ground. The roof makes up much or all off the walls of the home. It’s a very
simple house roof design and is inexpensive because the roof serves as both
roof and walls.
2. Bonnet Roof Design
The bonnet roof is identified with the extending ledge around the base of the
roof.
3. Butterfly Roof Design

The butterfly roof is an inverted gable roof. It’s a V-shape. It’s rather odd-
looking roofing design and is not used much. However, one benefit of
the butterfly roof is you end up with tall ceilings on two sides of the home.
4. Gable and Valley Roof Design

The gable and valley roof are a very popular roofing design. It’s also known as
a cross gable roof since the home has a cross footprint
5. Flat Roof Design

While plain looking below, the flat roof is frequently used on modern and mid-
century style homes and can be a striking design if you like the modern look.
STAIRS
Stairs are a structure designed to bridge a large vertical distance between lower and higher levels by dividing it
into smaller vertical distances. This is achieved as a diagonal series of horizontal platforms called steps which
enable passage to the other level by stepping from one to another step-in turn.
PARTS OF STAIRS
Treads – the treads are what you tread on so pretty self-explanatory.
Risers – the vertical part of the stairs. Some staircases don’t have risers
Stringer – the parts of the staircase which the treads and risers and risers. This is an essential stair part
unless the staircase is a cantilevered staircase.
Wall stringer - the panel that is placed above the staircase against a wall. A non-essential stair part.
Nosing – the shape of the front part of the tread. The is a non-essential stair part.
Skirt - the decoration that is used just below the open side of a staircase. This is a non-essential stair part.
Newel post – the posts at the top, bottom and turning places on the stairs that are an important part in the
structural integrity of the balustrade and handrail.
Balustrade / spindles – the smaller vertical parts of the handrail.
Bannister / Handrail – the handrail on top of the balustrade or attached to the wall.
Goose neck – this is a visual analogy for the part of the handrail immediately after a newel post on the
descent that is shaped like a goose neck.
TYPES OF STAIRS
SINGLE STOREY WITH LOFT
A modern loft style house has a combined modernism and traditional touch. The rawness of
this design brings a different expression & appeal.

SOSMEÑA, Jella mica
AR 114-1978
design-Research
Name of Instructor:
AR. LINETH L. ANGGONG

Roof and Stair Design

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WHAT IS A ROOF?

Skylight: A window installed on the roof or ceiling for the purpose of daylighting.

3. Butterfly Roof Design

4. Gable and Valley Roof Design

5. Flat Roof Design

Treads – the treads are what you tread on so pretty self-explanatory.

Balustrade / spindles – the smaller vertical parts of the handrail.

A modern loft style house has a combined modernism and traditional touch. The rawness of

this design brings a different expression & appeal.

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