Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

XI. Water Treatment Plant

11.1 System Main Components

11.1.1 Reaction Tank (Flocculation/Coagulation):

Water is induced into the system through the inlet header comprised of a strainer, control solenoid valve, flow meter and
manual shut off valves. Chemicals are induced into the system from the chemical tanks and dosing pumps, and enter the
primary reaction area, where they are induced into a turbine flow, providing agitation and uniform mixture.

As water is drawn from the clear well, water passes through the settling area, into the clarifying area and then into the clear
well.

From the clear well, water is pumped (as required, controlled by pressure switch) into the Multimedia tanks for filtration (or
Sand filter tank), onto the Caron tanks for chlorine and clarification, and finally to the polishers for Micro filtration.

11.1.2 Multi Media Filtration:

Multi media filtration offers a high efficient means of removing suspended particulate matter from water. As water flows
downward through the bed (known as depth filtration), particles are trapped in the media providing high clarity water.

The Filter backwash flow rate is designed for 4-6 gpm per cubic foot of Media and the filter is backwashed automatically or
manually at intervals to remove the trapped particles. After the interval of backwash has been determined (usually by
observing the change in the tank pressure), the operator can enter setup and set the timer to switch between the duplex
systems automatically and backwash the filter(s).

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

11.1.3 Carbon Filtration:

Carbon filtration offers a high efficient means of removing chlorine and odors from water, as well as clarification. As water
flows downward through the bed (known as depth filtration), particles are trapped in the media providing high clarity water
for polishing and direct use.

The Filter backwash flow rate is designed for 6-8 gpm per cubic foot of Media and the filter is backwashed automatically or
manually at intervals to remove the trapped particles.

After the interval of backwash has been determined (usually by observing the change in the tank pressure), the operator can
enter setup and set the timer to switch between the duplex systems automatically and backwash the filter(s).

11.1.4 Polishers:

Cartridge filtration offers a high efficient means of removing small (larger than 5 micron) particles, providing high clarity
water for direct use.

The system is setup for Backwash and slow rinse with treated water. The backwash water header can be supplied by semi
treated or supply water from another source by tapping into the provided flanges.

The following Figure 11.1 is shown the flow diagram of the well water treatment process. In this figure all components are
illustrated in detailed from the water source to the final process.

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

Legends: Well Water Treatment Plant System - Flow Diagram

Pump Solenoid Valve
JBA Water Inlet
To drain LS Level Switch
00
Metering Pump
LS Pressure Gauge
Valve 00
F Flow Meter Lime
Reducer 00
M Chlorine
Metering
Pump Metering
Ball Valve A Agitator Pump
00
G
Check Valve
Ferrous Sulfate
Butterfly Valve Calcium Chloride Metering
Metering Pump Pump

1/2”-PVC-1
1/2”-PVC-1
Carbon Filter Sand Filter

A A A A
Steam Inlet 01
G 02
G 03
G 04
G

1/2”-PVC-1
Calcium Lime Chlorine Ferrous
Cartridge Chloride Tank Tank Sulfate
Filter Tank Tank
P 1/2”-PVC-1
03
G
2” 2” 3” 3”
LS LS
2” 2” 3” 3” 02 01 A
PG PG P 04
Point of Use 06 04 G
05 G
(By Others) 2” 3” Sampling

3”-GI-B
2” 3”

2”-GI-B
Flow
Control
Header Valve
Sampling
1”-GI-B
3”-GI-B
1”-SS304-10

2”-SS304-10

Sampling Sampling

Buffer Buffer Inlet

From Existing Control
Figure 11.1 Treatment Plant Filtered Water
Booster Pump
Valve
Pneumatic

Raw Water Inlet

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

The above system 4 chemical materials are used. However there are the different chemical components have been used in
the different well water treatment plant.

Here the 4 chemical components are:

1) Calcium chloride CaCl2;

2) Ferrous sulfate FeSO47H2O;

3) Chlorine Ca(OCl)2;

4) Lime Ca(OH)2.

Each chemical material is put in the chemical tank. To obtain a good mixed chemical solution, an electrical agitator is used.
The metering pump is used to pump these chemical solutions to the clarified tank. These pumps could be run in automatic
mode or manual mode.

11.2 Electrical Control Circuit

The following figures show the electrical control circuits in the typical well water treatment plants. The control circuits
could be varying from plant to plant depending on the technical requirement of the plant owner. In some water treatment
plants, the Programmable Logic Control (PLC) was used. In some plants, the semi-automatic control circuit was used. This
is depending on the skill requirement and the reliability requirement.

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

Figure 11.2 Well Water Treatment Plant Systems - Power Circuit

Income Power 40 A Supply 415V 50Hz

40A TPN
Control Panel Box MCCB

60/5A O 40A 4P
Ammeter O 300mA RCD
A/S
A 3 x 60/5A C/TS

6A TP
R Y B MCB13
V/S
0-500V V
Voltmeter
R

Y
B
N

6A DP 6A TP 6A TP 6A TP 10A TP 10A TP 10A TP 10A TP 15A TP 15A TP 20A TP 30A TP 6A TP 6A TP

MCB1 MCB2 MCB3 MCB4 MCB5 MCB6 MCB7 MCB8 MCB9 MCB10 MCB11 MCB12 MCB13 MCB14

6A TP
A/O/M A/O/M A/O/M A/O/M OFF/ON OFF/ON OFF/ON OFF/ON OFF/ON A/O/M A/O/M 1/0/2 MCB15

Control
Metering

13A S/S/O
1φ 0.1 kW 3φ 0.2 kW 3φ 0.2 kW 3φ 0.2 kW 3φ 0.37 kW 3φ 0.37 kW 3φ 0.37 kW 3φ 0.37 kW 3φ 0.75 kW 3φ 0.75 kW 3φ 4.0 kW 3φ 7.5 kW
DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter DOL Starter

2 x 2.5mm2 PVC
3 x 2.5mm2 PVC
3 x 4mm2 PVC
M M M M M M M M M M M M
Ferrous Sulfate Chlorine Calcium Chloride Lime Metering Ferrous Sulfate Chlorine Calcium Chloride Lime Reaction Tank Clarified Water Filtered Water Filtered Water
Metering Pump Metering Pump Metering Pump Pump (MP-3A) Agitator Agitator Agitator Agitator Agitator Pump (P- Pump #1 Pump #2
(MP-1A) (C1) (MP-2A) (C2) (MP-3A) (C3) (C3) (AG-1A) (C5) (AG-2A) (C6) (AG-3A) (C7) (AG-4A) (C8) (AG-4A) (C9) 2A) (C10) (P-1A) (C11) (P-1A) (C12)

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

Figure 11.3 Well Water Treatment Plant System Clarified Water Pump - Electrical Diagram

N
6A SP (MCC)
240V AC MCB
1 R3-B 2
L 3 4 R1 Relay 1 8 pin
240V

Clarified Tank L/L G Buffer Tank HI-

Pump Protection LEVEL
1.7-2.6A
A/O/M Contact 7 Clarified Water
3 LS05 5 R1-A 6 O/L C
1 2 Pump (System)

Main Switch Y Run

4
8 Trip
Y

CONTROL CIRCUIT

THERMINAL BLOCK DETAILS

3 x 2.5mm2 PVC in Conduit C/W 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

20A TP ECC
MCCB R Y B
3φ 0.75 kW Clarified
DOL Starter M Water
Pump From Motor Income
(MCC) (Clarified Neutral
Clarified Tank L/L 115 & 15 Water
A/0/M Pump Protection Pump)
POWER CIRCUIT Contact (N/O) From
Existing MCC

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

Figure 11.4 Well Water Treatment Plant System - Motor Control &Power Circuit
L 240V N
AC

A 6A SP
1 MCB14
A/0/M
A/0/M

10 01

R-1
CC-2 CC-1

11 9 LS03
LS04 LS02 LS01
0.95-1.45A
O/L

2
13 12
7 6 5 4 3 2A

13 E1 E1 E1 Flow E1
10 7 4 Detector 1
E2 E2 E2 E2
C1 V1 R4 LS 11 R3 LS 8 R2 LS 5
R CC LS 2
04 E3 03 E3 02 E3 01 E3
12 9 6 3

14
B

Control Contactor
Clarified Water Tank Level
Relay 3 8 Pin 240V/AC

Clarified Water Tank

Relay 2 8 Pin 240V/AC

Clarified Water Tank High

Clarified Water Tank Level

Level Switch LS03

Level
Trip

Low Level

Switch LS02

Switch LS01
Relay 4 8 Pin 240V/AC

Level Switch LS03

Ferrous Sulfate Metering Pump

High Level
Run

Open

Raw Water S/Valve

Low Level
(MP-1A)

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

Well Water Treatment Plant System - Motor Control &Power Circuit (Cont’d)

A A

OFF/ON OFF/ON OFF/ON OFF/ON A/0/M A/0/M A/0/M

22 18 14

CC-5 CC-4 CC-3

35 32 29 26

23 19 15

1.4-2.2A 1.4-2.2A 1.4-2.2A 1.4-2.2A 0.8-1.2A 0.8-1.2A 0.8-1.2A

O/L O/L O/L O/L O/L O/L O/L

37 36 34 33 31 30 28 27 25 24 21 20 17 16

C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2

B B

Lime Metering Pump

Calcium Chloride Metering

Pump (MP-3A)
(MP-4A)
Trip
Trip

Trip

Chlorine Metering Pump

(MP-2A)
Lime Agitator
(AG-1A)

Chlorine Agitator
(AG-1A)
Calcium Chloride
Agitator (AG-1A)

Run
Ferrous Sulfate
Agitator (AG-1A)

Run

Run
Trip

Trip

Trip

Trip
Run

Run

Run

Run

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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

Well Water Treatment Plant System - Motor Control &Power Circuit (Cont’d)

R3-B
61 62 A
15 16

A/0/M A/0/M OFF/ON

46 45
R3-B 41
63 64 Main
Switch
17 18 47 R2-A
41A
1/0/2
R3-A
NC
49 38
12-18A A/T 48 42
O/L
54 52
7-11A 2.2-3.4A 2.2-3.4A
O/L O/L
O/L
PT
53
56 51 50 44 43 40 39
LC T TC SC LC LC

60 59 58 57 55

PT C11 C10 C9
LC T TC SC

Reaction Tank Agitator

(AG-5A)
Clarified Water
Pump (P-2A)
Line Contactor
Filtered Water Pump #2
(P-1B)

Protection Timer

Filtered Water Pump

Trans Contactor

#1 (P-2A)
Run

Trip

Run

Trip
Trip
Timer

Star Contactor
Trip

Run

Run
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Electric and Electronic Department Water Treatment Plant, C 11

11.3 WTP Maintenance

Maintenance of the water treatment plant is required to maintain the plant in good condition and continuously running and
to avoid downtime as well. The following table shows the typical maintenance of the water treatment plants.

Table 11.1
Frequency Inspection Items
Weekly - Inspect all drive gearboxes for leak.
- Lubricate the bearings.
- Inspect all storage and chemical tanks for leak.
Monthly - Check all drive gearbox oil level. Top it up if required.
- Check and tighten electric connection. Clean all contactors.
- Check all agitator shaft alignment.
3-monthly - Check motor gearbox belt tension.
- Check water pump output.
6- monthly - Check water pump alignment.
- Clean all water storage tanks.
Annually - Overhaul as required; check for fouling.

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