PLANT IRON ORE COAL HEP/WATER REMARKS

HAEMATITE
Calcutta port NHS,
Gurumahisani
Subarnrekha River NH6
TISCO (Orissa) Noamundi Jharia,(Jhark)
Kharkai River Manganese : Joda
(Jharkhand) Raniganj(WB)
mines
Singhbhum

IISCO
3 Plants in WB now Guna (Jharkhand), Barakar river , (Damoder
Jharia Calcutta port, NH2
merged connected via Singhbhum River)
karntaka Asansol rail
Facts about Iron and
Kemmangundi Sharavati power
Steel : VISW Mangalore port Manganese : shimoga and
(Chikmaglur, (jog falls),
Bababudan hills NH4 chitradurga
 Pig Iron : Karnataka) Bhadravati river more
than 2%
Korba Thermal
Carbon Daili Rajhara Korba Calcutta-Nagpur
BHILAI (Ussr) power plant,
 Steel : less (Haematite) Kargali Rail, NH6 than
Mahanadi Basin
2% Carbon
ROURKELA Sundargarh, Jharia Hirukud HEP, Calcutta-Nagpur
Germany Keonjhar Talchar Sankh-south koal river Rail, NH6

Calcutta port,
DamodarValleyCorp
DURGAPUR Jharia, Calcutta
Mayurbhanj Durgapur barrage in
WB Ranigan Asansol Rail,
Damodar river
NH2

SALEM Puducherry
Exports 2 usa
Low sulphur and Local Mettur dam hydro elect Coimbatore by NHs
Mexico aus
phosphorus export stainless steel

VIZAG
Bailadila Imported + Plans : to use natural gas Second largest
1st shore based integrated
(Chattisgarh) Damodar from KG basin producer, NH5
steel plant

VIJAYNAGAR
Nearby Sringereni in AP Tungabhadra dam Hydro E
karnataka

Largest I&S plant,

BOKARO Kiriburu (Orissa) DamodarValleyCorp, Calcutta port
Jharia
ussr (Keonjhar) Bokaro & Damodar rivers connected through
NH2
  Stainless Steel : It is a composition 72% of iron (Fe), 17-19% of Chromium and 7-9% of nickel with carbon (C), silicon (Si) and manganese (Mn).
 India 2nd Largest Producer of steel and the 3rd largest finished steel consumer in the world after China & USA.
 News : The Government of India is extending the duty and tax exemption on exported products (RoDTEP) scheme on steel from December 15,
2022.

Indian Textile Industry

Technical Textiles
 Technical textiles are functional fabrics that have applications across various industries including automobiles, civil engineering and construction,
agriculture, healthcare, industrial safety, personal protection etc.
 Based on usage, there are 12 technical textile segments; Agrotech, Meditech, Buildtech, Mobiltech, Clothtech, Oekotech, Geotech, Packtech, Hometech,
Protech, Indutech and Sportech.
 For example, ‘mobiltech’ refers to products in vehicles such as seat belts and airbags, airplane seats; geotech, which is incidentally the fastest growing
sub-segment, used to hold back soil, etc.

National Texhincal Textile Mission :

Indian Cotton Industry :

  Mills – Mills share has come down from 80% in 1950 to 3.3% in 2005-06
 Power looms: Power looms accounts for 85% of total production in Cotton Textile Industry. They are concentrated in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Karnataka.
 Handlooms – They account for 12.5%
 India has largest area under cotton cultivation in the world. 
 Hirsutum represents 94% of the hybrid cotton production in India and all the current Bt cotton hybrids are G. hirsutum.
 Now India’s Cotton would be known as ‘Kasturi Cotton’ in the world cotton Trade.
 The pest-resistant Genetically Modified (GM) Bt cotton hybrids have captured the Indian market (covering over 95% of the area under cotton) since
their introduction in 2002.
 These now cover over 95% of the area under cotton, with the seeds produced entirely by the private sector.
 India is the only country that grows cotton as hybrids and the first to develop hybrid cotton back in 1970.
 India is the only country to develop 4 species of cotton
 Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS): Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS), which encapsulate certification schemes, labelling programmes,
and private standards. The major VSS that are dominant in the sustainable cotton value chain today include Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Organic
Cotton, Fair trade Cotton, and Cotton Made in Africa.
 India is No.1 in cotton acreage
Indian Sugar Industry :
 Sugar can be manufactured from sugarcane, sugarbeet, or any other sugar-producing crop.
 In 1840, the first sugar industry in India was set up in Betia (Bihar).
 Sugarcane is a heavy, low-value, weight-losing, and perishable raw material used in India’s sugar industry.
 Uttar Pradesh is the largest cultivator of sugarcane in India. (2- Maharashtra; 3 karnataka )

Rangarajan Committee report

 The Rangarajan Committee was established in 2012 to provide suggestions on sugar sector regulation.
 Its main proposals are to abolish quantitative limitations on sugar export and import and replace them with suitable tariffs.
 There should be no more outright prohibitions on sugar exports, according to the committee.
 The central government has mandated a minimum radial distance of 15 kilometres between any two sugar mills; this condition frequently results in a
virtual monopoly over a vast area, giving mills disproportionate control over farmers. The Committee suggested that the distance standard be re-
examined.
   News : Minimum Distance Criteria
 the Department of Food & Public Distribution in a notification directed standalone distilleries proposing to produce ethanol from sugarcane juice by
crushing sugarcane in its premises is required to follow the provisions of Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966 including maintaining a distance of 15 km
from the neighboring existing sugar mills or the distance higher than 15 kms fixed by the concerned State Governments.

Distilleries can’t directly procure from khandsari units as they are not covered under the sugar control order
 A molasses (first molasses) is an intermediate by-product resulting from first sugar crystal extraction (A sugar), from initial processing at the
sugar factory. A molasses contains 80-85% DM. If it has to be stored, it should be inverted in order to prevent crystallization.
 B molasses (second molasses). It has approximately the same DM content as A molasses but contains less sugar and does not spontaneously
crystallize.
 C molasses (final molasses, blackstrap molasses, treacle) is the end by-product of the processing in the sugar factory. It still contains
considerable amounts of sucrose (approximately 32 to 42%)

 Tamil Nadu to obtain highest yield of sugar per hectare in the whole of India.
North India South India
Relatively low Higher yield per hectare : Tropical climate
Only 4 months Long crushing season 7-8 months
Relatively less High sucrose content
Old mills and traditional Better Cooperative sugar mills + Modern Technology

Biofuel Policy of 2018

 Sugarcane juice, sugar-containing materials like Sugar Beet, starch-containing materials like Cassava, damaged food grains like broken rice, and rotting
potatoes that are unsuitable for human consumption are now allowed to be utilised as raw materials for ethanol manufacturing.
 The policy permits surplus food grains to be utilised in the manufacturing of ethanol that may be blended with gasoline.
 This is to ensure that during the surplus production phase, farmers receive a fair price for their crops.
 In addition to increased tax advantages and a higher purchase price than 1G biofuels, the policy specifies a viability gap finance plan for 2G ethanol Bio
refineries of Rs.5000 crore over 6 years. Advanced Biofuels are emphasised in the policy.

Scheme about Goals and Addl info

Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Techonolougy upgradation in Textiles
 Scheme (ATUFS)
Scheme for Integrated Textile Parks (SITP):  To assist small and medium entrepreneurs in the textile
industry to clusterize investments in textile parks by
providing financial support for world class
infrastructure 
SAMARTH (Scheme For Capacity Building To address the shortage of skilled workers, the A skill development scheme covering the entire textile value chain,
In Textile Sector government launched the Scheme for Capacity excluding spinning & weaving in the organized sector, to be introduced
Building in Textile Sector (SCBTS) and named between 2017-18 and 2019-20. Skill deficiencies and skills needs will
it SAMARTH Scheme be evaluated, and skills will be imparted accordingly. Include demand-
driven, placement-oriented NSQF (National Skills Qualification
Framework) Compliant skills program.
Mandatory Post Placement tracking.
For self-employment, concessional credit will be provided to
beneficiaries under Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana.
Power-Tex India  It comprises new research and development in power
loom textiles, new markets, branding, subsidies and
welfare schemes for the workers.

Silk Samagra Scheme It focuses on improving the quality and productivity of

domestic silk thereby reducing the country’s
dependence on imported silk.

Jute ICARE : This pilot project launched in 2015 is aimed at

addressing the difficulties faced by the jute
cultivators by providing them certified seeds at
subsidized rates, and by popularizing several newly
developed retting technologies under water limiting
conditions.

Chemical Industries
 4th largest set of industries after textiles, Iron and Steel, and Engineering industries.


Sulphuric Acid It is an important ingredient for manufacturing fertilizer,
synthetic fiber, plastics, paints, and dyestuff. Apart from these, it is
90% of sulphur has to be imported. also used in metallurgy, leather tanning, and oil refining

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh

Nitric Acid The use and production of nitric acid is associated with fertilizer
plants and explosives. 

Trombay Plant of Fertilizer corp main producer (Mumbai )

Alkalis The manufacturing of alkalis requires heavy and weight-losing raw
materials like common salt, limestone, and coal.
industry comprises soda ash, Caustic soda, Liquid chlorine,
Calcium carbide, etc.
Soda Ash used in the manufacturing of glass, paper, soaps, and detergents
Caustic Soda Uses common salt
1st plant in Mettur in 1936 Power intensive
Petro Chemicals derived from crude petroleum during refining.

Uses : used for manufacturing synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber,

plastic, insecticide, drugs and pharmaceuticals.

4 sub groups :
Polymer : used in plastic industry ; used in thermoplastics
Produced in : Mumbai, Barauni, Mettur, Pimpri, and Rishra ;
India is a major exporter of polymer

Synthetic Fibres : Units of manufacturing nylon filament and

polyester filament yarns are at Kota, Pimpri, Mumbai, Pune, Ujjain,
Nagpur, and Udhana

Elastomers:Elastomers are polymers that are having a viscosity as

Three organizations, which are working in the petrochemical sector under the well as elasticity and therefore are known as visco-elasticity.
administrative control of the Department of Eg : Natural rubber
Chemicals and Petrochemicals are −
 The Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited (IPCL); Surfectant Inrtermediate :  surfactants help the dye penetrate the
 The Petrofils Cooperative Limited (PCL);
fabric evenly.
 The Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET).
 The National Organic Chemicals Industries Limited (NOCIL), established
as a private sector in 1961.
Facts about Hydroelectric Power plants in India

 The Koyna Hydroelectric Project is the largest completed hydroelectric power plant in India. It has a power capacity of 1960 MW.
 The first hydroelectric power station was the Shivanasamudra hydroelectric power station.
 Tehri Hydro Electric Power plant is the highest hydroelectric power project in the country, also Tehri Dam is the tallest one in India. Now, NTPC
has taken over the project (Since 2019).
 Srisailam Hydro Power Plant is the third largest working project in India.
 Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Power Plant is the biggest underground hydroelectric power project in the country.
 Sardar Sarovar Dam is the world’s second-largest concrete dam.

Material production Export consumption Domestic producers

Jute
Technical textiles 6
Cotton 2 3 2 Gujarat, Maharashtra. Telangana, Andhra Pradesh.
Textile 2
Sugar 1 2 1 Sugarcane : UP ; Maharashtra ; Karnataka
( 1 exporter : Brazil ) (15.6%)
Chemical 6 (3 in
Net importer Asia)
States River Hydroelectric Power Plant
Andhra Pradesh Krishna Nagarjunasagar Hydro Electric Power plant

Andhra Pradesh Krishna Srisailam Hydro Electric Power plant

Andhra Pradesh, Orissa Machkund Machkund Hydro Electric Power plant

Gujarat Narmada Sardar Sarovar Hydro Electric Power plant

Himachal Pradesh Baira Baira-Siul Hydroelectric Power plant

Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Bhakra Nangal Hydroelectric Power plant

Himachal Pradesh Beas Dehar Hydroelectric Power plant

Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Power plant

Jammu and Kashmir Chenab Salal Hydro Electric Power plant

Jammu and Kashmir Jhelum Uri Hydro Electric Power plant

Jharkhand Subarnarekha Subarnarekha Hydroelectric Power plant

Karnataka Kalinadi Kalinadi Hydro Electric Power plant

Karnataka Sharavathi Sharavathi Hydroelectric Power plant

Karnataka Kaveri Shivanasamudra Hydroelectric Power plant

Kerala Periyar Idukki Hydro Electric Power plant

Madhya Pradesh Sone Bansagar Hydroelectric Power plant

Madhya Pradesh Narmada Indira Sagar Hydro Electric Power plant

Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh Rihand Rihand Hydroelectric Power plant

Maharashtra Koyna Koyna Hydroelectric Power plant

Manipur Leimtak Loktak Hydro Electric Power plant

Odisha Sileru Balimela Hydro Electric Power plant

Odisha Mahanadi Hirakud Hydro Electric Power plant

Sikkim Rangit Rangit Hydroelectric Power plant

Sikkim Teesta Teesta Hydro Electric Power plant

Uttarakhand Bhagirathi Tehri Hydro Electric Power plant

Himachal Pradesh Baspa Baspa-II Hydro Electric Power plant

Himachal Pradesh Satluj Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Electric Power Plant

Himachal Pradesh Beas Pandoh Dam

Himachal Pradesh Ravi Chamera-I

Himachal Pradesh Ravi Chamera-II

Himachal Pradesh Beas Pong

Jammu and Kashmir Chenab Dulhasti