Basic Statistical Tools in Educational Planning

MODULE 4
Quantitative Aspects
of
Educational
Planning
BASIC STATISTICAL TOOLS IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
The Department of Education Planning Division states the main purpose

of educational statistics maybe summarized as follows:
 To forecast the demand for education of different kinds and to
estimate the future stock of students in different educational
sectors in order to ensure the adequate educational resources-
teachers, buildings, equipment-are available at the right time
 To forecast the future outflow of individuals with different kinds
of education
 To estimate the future costs for educational system
 To give data useful for educational research
 To give information for the current administration of
educational sector
 To give a broad description of the educational sector for the
general public.
KINDS OF DATA NEEDED IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

A. Types of data required for different purposes Stock data – describe the
situation of educational system at a given point of time, in terms of total
number of schools, teachers, and students for each type of level of education.
Flow data – describe the internal dynamics of the educational
B. Educational statistics can be controlled on an individualized or an
aggregate basis Individualized data- provide information about each individual
or student or teacher in a considerably detailed basis. Aggregated data- provide
information on students and teachers distributed by sex, age, subject areas,
etc.
C. Background information which are of vital interest to the educational
planner are those related to the development of the population and the
economy of the country and those which express needs for education.
Demographic data- the basic population data used are the previous and
projected single-year, sex-age groups of the school age population
(approximately 5-20 years). Manpower data- educational planning is closely
interrelated with manpower planning.
Manpower data that are needed in educational planning include:

 Economically active population distributed by the economic sector and
educational attainment by age, sex, and occupation.
 Information on non-active population by age, sex, and educational
attainment. Economic data- as to the economic data needed, the gross
national product (GNP) or the gross national income should provide basic
information.
 Educational Statistics
 The proper classification of data in presenting statistics on schools,
classes, students, and teachers maybe as follows:
 By authority which is responsible for schools
 By level and school cycle Distinctions among different levels of education
Elementary (primary and intermediate)- by school cycle that maybe
presented by the grade or year. Secondary level- between academic or
general, vocational, technical, etc. Class and students- make further
supervisions on mathematics, communication arts, social sciences, etc.
Tertiary level- students are divided by line of study.

1. Data on Student- the most essential source of information in
educational planning is that concerns the students. Data on Teachers-
as teachers’ salaries contribute the largest item in the educational
budget, a proper planning of the future demand for teachers and their
utilization is essential.
2. COLLECTION OF STATISTICAL DATA - Basic statistical data for
educational planning can be obtained in six ways, all which can be
utilized by well-organized program of educational statistics per DECS,
are as follows:
 Regular censuses of students, teachers, graduates etc. in all
educational institutions
 Regular sample surveys of students, teachers, etc. in all schools or
a sample of them
 Ad hoc surveys at irregular intervals
 Population censuses
 Sample surveys drawn from population censuses
 Routine reporting of data obtained as by-product of educational
administration.
3. DATA PROCESSING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL -The needs in

educational statistics are related to the development of the educational
planning machinery. Where planning has reached a sophisticated level,
the demands are even greater as to the amount of information.
Methods of processing, storage, and retrieval of data:

 Input system- transfers the original data to form which is suitable
for processing
 Arithmetic unit- consists of desk calculators, punched-card
operated machines or computers
Lesson 2:
Computational Techniques in Educational Planning
1. Estimate the 1080 population of your province using the 1975

actual population furnished by the National and Statistics Office.
2. Is the median always bigger than the arithmetic mean? Explain your
answer.
No. Both the median and mean are measures of central tendency,
but the median balances observations whereas the mean balances
values. Combining them gives indications of dispersion. If the median is
less than the mean, the distribution is skewed right toward relatively
higher values or positively skewed. Only in a symmetric distribution does
the median equal to mean.
3. In an elementary school, a pupil completed successfully in Grade V

and is promoted to Grade VI. He failed, however, to show up in
Grade VI because of his parents decided to let him discontinue going
to school for reason of poverty. Would you classify him as promoted,
a successful school leaver, or a dropout? Explain why.
A dropout is someone who leave or drop the school and doesn't
finish a school year. In this situation I would classify him/her as a
dropout, though there are process before dropping them out but still if
they didn’t comply to the process that was made so it is confirm that the
student is dropout. But as a teacher, I will convince the parent to let his
child continue in his studying despite of poverty. Poverty is not a
hindrance to continue the education of the children. There are some
programs of the government that could help the poor especially the
children in continuing his study.

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MODULE 4

The Department of Education Planning Division states the main purpose

KINDS OF DATA NEEDED IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

Manpower data that are needed in educational planning include:

Tertiary level- students are divided by line of study.

3. DATA PROCESSING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL -The needs in

Methods of processing, storage, and retrieval of data:

1. Estimate the 1080 population of your province using the 1975

3. In an elementary school, a pupil completed successfully in Grade V

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