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Assignment: Literature Review 6a

Assignment submitted to: Professor


Dr.Sajida Zaki
Course: HS-503
Semester :3rd
Programme : Applied linguistics (2021-2022)
Department: Humanities
University: Ned University of Engineering &
Technology
Submitted by: Ms.Hira Fiaz
Roll no. AL-004
Research design John Creswell
According to Creswell, “A literature review is a written summary of journal articles, books, and
other documents that describes the past and current state of information; organizes the literature
into topics; and documents a need for a proposed study”.

Use and importance of literature review


The literature review serves a number of objectives. The findings of other research that are
closely connected to the one being conducted are shared with the reader.
A condensed version of the literature review included in a dissertation or master's thesis can be
found in journal articles. It usually appears after the study's introduction in a section titled
"Related Literature."
The format of quantitative research articles in journals follows this trend. The literature review
may be contained in a separate section, the introduction, or it may be woven throughout the study
in qualitative research papers. The manner of reviewing the literature, depending on whether a
qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodologies approach has been chosen, is another factor to
take into account, regardless of the form.
The review of the literature in various forms of educational research is seen as a preliminary step
before gathering data and helps researchers get familiar with prior research on the subjects they
are examining (Travers 1969). As a result, they are able to carry on a tradition, contextualize
their work, and draw inspiration from past efforts. But in historical research, the review of the
literature serves a distinct purpose in that it offers the data for the study; whether the researchers
accept their hypothesis or not depends on the material they choose from the review and the
interpretation they give it.
Importance
The literature review serves a variety of requirements. The findings of other research that are
closely connected to the one being conducted are shared with the reader. The literature review
may be included in the introduction of the study. The literature offers a helpful context for the
topic or issue that has necessitated the study, including who has written about it, who has looked
into it, and who has emphasized the value of doing so.
Types
The literature review can generally take a number of different shapes. Cooper (2010) outlined
four sorts of literature reviews: those that (a) synthesize what others have said and done, (b)
critique earlier academic works, (c) connect related themes, and (d) pinpoint the key problems in
a certain field. With the exception of critiquing earlier scholarly works, the majority of
dissertations and theses combine the literature, organize it into a number of linked subjects
(sometimes moving from broad to more specific ones), and summarize it by highlighting the key
points.
Steps
A literature review requires locating and summarizing studies on a specific topic. These are
frequently research studies (because you are conducting a research study), but they could also be
conceptual articles or opinion pieces that provide frameworks for thinking about topics.
1- Begin by identifying key words that will help you find materials in a college or university's
academic library.
2- Using these keywords, go to the library (or use your home computer) and begin searching the
catalogue for holdings (i.e., journals and books).
3- Initially, try to locate approximately 50 research reports in articles or books related to research
on your topic.
4- Read through the first set of articles or chapters and copy the ones that are relevant to your
topic.
5- Construct a literature map as you identify useful literature.
6- As you create the literature map, start writing summaries of the most relevant articles.
7- Assemble the literature review after summarizing the literature.

Sources
There are some methods for efficiently accessing the literature through databases that can help
make the process of gathering pertinent information easier. Today, university libraries and the
Internet both offer computer databases of the literature, which make thousands of journals,
conference papers, and other materials on a range of subjects easily accessible. Academic
libraries at prominent institutions have acquired both commercial databases and public domain
databases. Even if you believe your issue is not exactly education, as found in ERIC, or
psychology, as found in PsycINFO, search many databases. Education and psychology are
viewed as wide categories for a variety of subjects by ERIC and PsycINFO.
Utilize databases that let you access your papers' entire texts (through academic libraries or your
Internet connection)
Cresswell,John W.(2014).Review of the literature. Research Design:qualitative,quantitative,and
mixed methods approach (4th ed.,pp.60-299). SAGE Publications, INC.

Educational Research book

Definition
The literature review gives a beginning researcher a chance to demonstrate to the proposal
reviewers that he or she is familiar with the relevant research and the intellectual traditions that
underpin the proposed inquiry.
Purpose and Scope
The literature review gives the researcher the chance to pinpoint any potential gaps in the body
of literature and to explain how the proposed study might advance our understanding of the
subject. The researcher can improve the research questions with the aid of the literature review.
The systematic identification, location, and analysis of papers providing data relevant to the
study subject constitute the review of related literature. Finding research methods and specific
data gathering techniques that have or have not been successful in studies of themes similar to
yours is another essential goal of examining the literature. You can learn from the mistakes made
by other researchers and avoid them by using the information provided here.
The literature review gives the researcher the chance to pinpoint any potential gaps in the body
of literature and to explain how the proposed study might advance our understanding of the
subject. The researcher can improve the research questions with the aid of the literature review.
The literature review can identify the research methods, techniques, and tools that have been
shown to be effective in examining your subject and those that have not. A review of the
literature helped you arrive rationally at a testable theory.
Sources
A focused search of relevant educational encyclopedias, handbooks, and annual reviews located
in libraries is a useful method to begin a review of related material. These sources give
comprehensive overviews of numerous topics. 10. A quick summary of a study written by
someone other than the original researcher is a secondary source; an article or report written by
the person who did the study is a primary source. In the review, primary sources are preferable.
Gay, L. R. Educational research: competencies for analysis and applications/L.R. Gay,
Geoffrey E. Mills; Peter Airasian.—10th ed.

Critical literature review


The standards for conducting a critical analysis of a literature review are determined by the
review's nature (again). A different level of scrutiny would be applied to a literature review that
serves as the introduction to a primary research study published in a journal than it would to a
thorough literature review on the subject.
Reviews of the literature must be critical evaluations of earlier research, not just straightforward
statements of its conclusions. Several abilities are required to critically evaluate the advantages
and disadvantages of earlier studies.
The first is the capacity to correctly identify the techniques; the second is the capacity to
ascertain the methodologies' advantages and disadvantages and how they affect the interpretation
of findings.
Purpose
The goal of the literature review is to situate the recent findings in the context of the overall body
of knowledge regarding the subject at hand. A review of academic literature offers data that can
be utilized to explore an important issue to find out what is known about it for its own purpose
(I.e., to enhance teaching or therapy practices) or as a foundation for creating a research project.
Reading about previous research makes it possible to develop a study topic since it allows the
reader to ascertain what is already known and familiarizes them with the advantages and
disadvantages of the methodologies employed. For the purpose of conducting literature reviews,
a variety of sources are available, including primary sources that present original research and
secondary sources that give an overview of earlier studies.
Various digital tools that are detailed in this chapter can be used to locate primary sources.
People who perform literature reviews can present their findings in narrative or quantitative form
—meta-analysis, which is covered in greater detail in Chapter 13—depending on how they
choose to present the information. Different types of research questions, such descriptive,
correlational, or interventional ones, are developed using a literature review. The community can
offer a different viewpoint on what should be examined and how it should be studied, and
researchers can gain from searching outside of the published scholarly literature for this
information.
Steps
1. Identify a research topic.
2. Review secondary sources to get an overview of the topic
3. Develop a search strategy and use appropriate preliminary sources and primary research
journals, check the references at the end of relevant research publications, access personal
networks, and/or build relationships with appropriate community representatives.
4. Conduct the search and select specific articles to review.
5. Obtain full text references (e.g., journal articles or books).
6. Read articles and prepare bibliographic information and notes on each article.
7. Evaluate the research reports.
8. Synthesize your findings.
9. Use the literature review to gain a conceptual framework and to formulate research
questions, hypotheses, or both.
Sources
• ERIC: The Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) contains more
• ProQuest® Education Journals: The database includes more than 750 journals
• JSTOR: This is a database of academic journals, monographs, and other
• Psyc INFO: This is a product of the American Psychological Association (APA)
Importance
Literature reviews are important as research tools, especially in emerging areas, with populations
that typically yield small samples (e.g., special education research often does), or in areas that
represent value-laden positions adopted by advocacy groups. Literature reviews are also valuable
in light of the knowledge explosion and the consequent impossibility of reading everything. A
good literature review written by someone else can provide you with an overview of what is
known about your chosen topic. Specific places that you can look for literature reviews include
journals that typically publish literature reviews, such as the Review of Educational Research,
Harvard Educational Review, and the Psychological Bulletin, and books that contain literature
reviews

Mertens,Doona M. (2010) Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating


Diversity with Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods,3rd ed.SAGE Publications Inc.

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