Living World and Classification of Microbes: 1. Kingdom Monera

LIVING WORLD AND CLASSIFICATION OF
MICROBES
Q1)
According to Robert Harding Whittaker, given below are the characteristic
features of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes:
1. Kingdom Monera
 As all the organisms are unicellular, there is absence of multicellular body

designs.
 They may have either an autotrophic or heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
 These are prokaryotic cells without well-defined nucleus or cell organelles.
 All types of blue green algae and bacteria are included in this kingdom.
2. Kingdom Protista
 These are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms with a well-defined nucleus

enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
 These organisms can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic.
 They have whip-like flagella or pseudopodia or hair-like cilia which helps

in locomotion.
3. Kingdom Fungi
 They may be unicellular or multicellular, non-green, heterotrophic and

eukaryotic organisms.
 Most of them are saprotrophs and they feed on dead organic matter.
 Some fungi are thread-like and most of the nuclei are present in the
cytoplasm.
 Their cell walls are made up of complex and tough sugar called ‘Chitin’.
 Examples- Mushrooms, Baker’s yeast, Penicillium, Aspergillus (Fungus
on corn).
4. Kingdom Plantae
 They are mainly multicellular and eukaryotic organisms.

 They are of non-motile nature.
 The plant cells mostly contain chlorophyll pigments and they are an
autotrophic mode of nutrition.
Their cell wall is composed of cellulose and not ‘Chitin’ like that of fungi.
5. Kingdom Animalia
 These organisms are multicellular eukaryotes.

 Absence of cell walls in these organisms.
 Absence of chloroplast in animal cells. They mostly have a heterotrophic
mode of nutrition.
Q2
Q3] Match the following

1 Fungi Candida
2 Protozoa Amoeba
3 Virus Bacteriophage
4 Algae Chlorella
5 Bacteria Prokaryotic
Q4]
a. Lactobacilli are harmful bacteria. - False
Lactobacilli are not harmful bacteria. They are mostly found in the
gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. They are an important component
of dairy products such as milk, yogurt, ghee, etc.
b. Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin. - True
c. Organ of locomotion in amoeba is pseudopodia. - True
d. Tomato wilt is viral disease. - True
Q5]
a. Whitaker’s method of classification has the following merits:
 Unicellular and multicellular organisms are kept and categorised

separately.
 Autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition are placed in distinct
groups.
 Fungi is a separate kingdom because of its mode of nutrition.
 It is more naturally segregated than classified under two kingdoms.
 Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms which are placed in Kingdom
Monera.
b. The various characteristics of viruses are:
 They are extremely small in size and simpler than bacteria.

 They are ultra-microscopic, which are visible only with an electron
microscope.
 They are considered to be the organisms which live at the edge of living
and non-living things.
 They are dependent parasites which cannot survive on their own.
 They require a living organism to multiply as they cannot live on their own.
 Viruses consist of genetic materials (DNA or RNA) which is surrounded
by a protein coat (capsid).
 Viruses are responsible for causing severe fatal diseases in humans, plants,
animals, etc.
c. Fungi are called saprophytes because of their mode of nutrition. It is a nutrition
mode in which an organism obtains its nutrients from dead or decomposed
organic matter.
d. Organisms with the following characteristics are included under the kingdom
Monera:
 They have either autotrophic or heterotrophic modes of nutrition.

 There is an absence of nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in these
organisms.
 There may either have presence or absence of cell walls
 As they are all unicellular organisms, they include bacteria and blue green
algae.
Q6]
a. I don’t have a true nucleus, cell organelles or plasma membrane. – Monera

b. I have nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles. – Protozoa
c. I live on decaying organic matter. – Fungi
d. I reproduce mainly by cell division. - Bacteria
e. I can produce my replica. – Viruses
f. I am green, but don’t have organs. – Algae
Q7]
Q8]: Arrange the following in ascending order of size Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses,
Algae.
Answer: Viruses →Bacteria →Fungi→Algae

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LIVING WORLD AND CLASSIFICATION OF

 As all the organisms are unicellular, there is absence of multicellular body

 These are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms with a well-defined nucleus

 They have whip-like flagella or pseudopodia or hair-like cilia which helps

 They may be unicellular or multicellular, non-green, heterotrophic and

 They are mainly multicellular and eukaryotic organisms.

 These organisms are multicellular eukaryotes.

Q3] Match the following

 Unicellular and multicellular organisms are kept and categorised

b. The various characteristics of viruses are:

 They are extremely small in size and simpler than bacteria.

 They have either autotrophic or heterotrophic modes of nutrition.

a. I don’t have a true nucleus, cell organelles or plasma membrane. – Monera

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