1. Traditional Japanese music is meditative in character and highly ritualized. Performance focuses on spiritual mastery rather than entertainment.
2. Common Japanese instruments include percussion like the odaiko drum and tsuzumi hourglass drums, string instruments like the 13-string koto zither and shamisen banjo-like instrument, and wind instruments like the bamboo shakuhachi flute and ryuteki dragon flute used in gagaku music.
3. Traditional Chinese music was influenced by Confucian philosophy viewing music as a way to calm passions rather than entertain. Common instruments include the yueqin moon-shaped lute, pipa four-stringed lute, erhu two-stringed
1. Traditional Japanese music is meditative in character and highly ritualized. Performance focuses on spiritual mastery rather than entertainment.
2. Common Japanese instruments include percussion like the odaiko drum and tsuzumi hourglass drums, string instruments like the 13-string koto zither and shamisen banjo-like instrument, and wind instruments like the bamboo shakuhachi flute and ryuteki dragon flute used in gagaku music.
3. Traditional Chinese music was influenced by Confucian philosophy viewing music as a way to calm passions rather than entertain. Common instruments include the yueqin moon-shaped lute, pipa four-stringed lute, erhu two-stringed
1. Traditional Japanese music is meditative in character and highly ritualized. Performance focuses on spiritual mastery rather than entertainment.
2. Common Japanese instruments include percussion like the odaiko drum and tsuzumi hourglass drums, string instruments like the 13-string koto zither and shamisen banjo-like instrument, and wind instruments like the bamboo shakuhachi flute and ryuteki dragon flute used in gagaku music.
3. Traditional Chinese music was influenced by Confucian philosophy viewing music as a way to calm passions rather than entertain. Common instruments include the yueqin moon-shaped lute, pipa four-stringed lute, erhu two-stringed
1. Traditional Japanese music is meditative in character and highly ritualized. Performance focuses on spiritual mastery rather than entertainment.
2. Common Japanese instruments include percussion like the odaiko drum and tsuzumi hourglass drums, string instruments like the 13-string koto zither and shamisen banjo-like instrument, and wind instruments like the bamboo shakuhachi flute and ryuteki dragon flute used in gagaku music.
3. Traditional Chinese music was influenced by Confucian philosophy viewing music as a way to calm passions rather than entertain. Common instruments include the yueqin moon-shaped lute, pipa four-stringed lute, erhu two-stringed
Lesson 1: Japan 1. Shakuhachi – the most famous flute made from
Instrumental Music of Japan bamboo. It has four or five finger holes on the Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in front face and a thumbhole on the rear face. As character. Its performance is highly ritualized, as much in with other instruments above, it was imported the music itself, as in the composure of the musicians from China for gagaku. when performing it. Japanese chamber and solo music 2. Nokan – a parallel, bamboo flute (fue) is the only have a slow meditative pace. melodic instrument used in noh. The melody of the flute has no specific pitch relationship with the The performance of Japanese music has traditionally been melody of the chanting. of a spiritual character, similarly to martial arts and other 3. Hichiriki – is a double reed Japanese flute (fue) forms of art such as the tea ceremony and calligraphy. It is used as one of two main melodic instruments in usually about religious festivals, work, dance, love, and Japanese gagaku music, the other being the regional songs. Audiences are looking for this self-mastery ryūteki in musicians. This is the reason why music has become 4. Sho – is a Japanese free reed musical instrument highly ritualized. Musicians must show this spiritual self- that was introduced from China during the Nara mastery in their performance and composure. They work period. on an inner strength in mastering his or her instrument, 5. Shinobue – is also called takebue in the context of more than simply perfecting a technique of some sort and Japanese traditional arts. It is a Japanese providing entertainment. transverse flute or fue that has a highpitched Japanese Musical Instruments sound. Percussion Instruments (Membranophone) 6. Ryūteki – literally "dragon flute" is a Japanese 1. Odaiko (big drum) – The physical energy and sheer transverse fue made of bamboo. It is used in excitement of an odaiko performance is an gagaku. integral part of many Japanese matsuri (festivals). Lesson 2: China 2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-shape) – There are two For several thousand years Chinese culture was dominated varieties, the smaller kotsuzumi and the larger by the teachings of the philosopher Confucius. He otsuzumi. They are used in both conceived music in the highest sense as a means of noh and kabuki performances. The kotsuzumi is calming the passion and of dispelling unrest and lust, held on the right shoulder and the player alters rather than as a form of amusement. the tone by squeezing the laces. The otsuzumi is Traditionally, the Chinese believed that sound influences placed on the left thigh. Like all other traditional the harmony of the universe. Significantly, one of the most arts in Japan, there are several schools of tsuzumi important duties of the first emperor of each new dynasty matsuri (festivals). was to search out and establish that dynasty’s through 3. Tsuridaiko – a large hanging barrel drum standard of pitch. A result of this philosophical orientation 4. Taiko – is a Japanese drum that comes in various was that the Chinese theoretically opposed music sizes and is used to play a variety of musical performed solely for entertainment. genres. It has become particularly popular in Chinese Musical Instruments recent years as the central instrument of 1. Yueqin – a moon-shaped lute with shorter neck percussion ensembles whose repertory is based and four strings, played with a spectrum, used for on a variety of folk and festival music of the past. accompanying local operas. String Intruments (Chordophone) 2. Pipa – a four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a 1. Koto – is a 13-string zither, about two meters long pear-shaped body. This instrument has an and made of Paulownia wood. It is plucked using extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable picks on the thumb and first two fingers of the expressive power. right hand, while the left hand can be used to 3. Erhu – a two-stringed fiddle and one of the most modify pitch and tone. Koto is used in an popular Chinese instruments. It is used as a solo ensemble in gagaku or as a solo instrument. instrument as well as in small ensembles or large 2. Shamisen – is a plucked stringed instrument. Its orchestra, and by various ethnic groups. construction follows a model similar to that of a 4. Yunluo – literally "cloud gongs" or "cloud of guitar or a banjo, employing a neck, and strings gongs,” the yunluo is a set of ten small tuned stretched across a resonating body. The neck of gongs mounted in a wooden frame. The yunluo's the shamisen is fretless, and is slimmer than that gongs are generally of equal diameter but of a guitar or a banjo. different thickness. The thicker gongs produce a 3. Biwa – is a Japanese shortnecked fretted lute, higher pitch. often used in narrative storytelling. The biwa is the 5. Sheng – also called as Chinese mouth organ and chosen instrument of Benten, the goddess of looks like a set of panpipes with 12 to 36 bamboo music, eloquence, poetry, and education in pipes. Each pipe is of different length with a brass Japanese Shinto. reed at the bottom and a hole that must be 1 blocked in order for the note to sound. This makes represents a world of captivating rhythms and melodies it possible to sound several notes simultaneously, whose sounds draw listeners in like a breath. Koreans sang so chords and melody can be performed at the songs when they could not hold their sadness in. same time. Sheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments. Traditional Korean instruments can be broadly divided into 6. Dizi – is the traditional Chinese flute. It can have a three groups: string, wind, and percussion instruments. membrane over an extra hole to give the Korean Musical Instruments characteristic rattle effect. The player plays the String Instruments dizi by blowing across the mouthpiece and 1. Kayagum (gayageum) – is a traditional Korean produces the different notes by stopping the six zitherlike string instrument, with 12 strings, holes found in the rod. although more recently variants have been 7. Zheng – an ancient Chinese instrument that has an constructed with 21 or more numbers of arched surface and an elongated-trapezoid with strings. It is probably the best-known 13 to 21 strings stretched over individual bridges. traditional Korean musical instrument. Its playing range spans three to four octaves 2. Geomungo – this six-string plucked zither is a 8. Pengling – These are two small bells made of high- traditional Korean stringed musical instrument tin bronze, without internal clappers, and of the zither family of instruments with both bridges and frets. Scholars believe that the hemispheric or bottomless gourd-like in shape. name refers to goguryeo and translates to The instrument has a delicate, clarion and goguryeo zither or that it refers to the color melodious tone. It is a coloring rhythmic that translates to "black crane zither." instrument, either in ensembles or in theater 3. Haegum (two-string vertical fiddle) – has a rod- music, bringing an effect of peaceful dreams. like neck, a hollow wooden soundbox, two silk Lesson 2: Korea strings, and is held vertically on the knee of the Korea's folk music tradition, with its generous use performer and played with a bow. of bright rhythms and melodies, offers a more Wind Instruments energetic and capricious contrast to the nation's 4. Piri – used in both the folk and classical (court) collection of classical music works. Folk music music of Korea. It is made of bamboo. Its large represents the soul and sound of traditional reed and cylindrical bore gives it a sound Korean villages with an eclectic array of music mellower than that of many other types of forms including numerous folk songs, various oboe. forms of instrumental pieces, pansori, and shaman Percussion Instrument ritual music. 5. Changgo – is the most widely used drum in the Chong-ak means literally "right (or correct) music" traditional music of Korea. It is available in and its tradition includes both instrumental and most kinds, and consists of an hourglass- vocal music, which were cultivated mainly by the shaped body with two heads made from upper-class literati of the Joseon society. Chong-ak animal skin. The two heads produce sounds of also refers to ensemble music for men of high different pitch and timbre, which when played social status outside of the court. In this category, together are believed to represent the three important terms are a-ak, tang-ak, and harmony of man and woman. hyang-ak. Sog-ak or minsogak is a category of Korean music traditionally associated with the lower classes or for the general public and are vibrant and energetic. It includes genres such as pansori and minyo. Pansori is a kind of music presented to audiences by skilled vocal singers and drummers. But even the unskilled could sing these songs. They sang when they worked in the rice paddy or fields, sang when they went off with their lover, and sang when their life was troubled and weighing them down.
Instrumental Music of Korea
Korean music, especially in South Korea, has a rich vocal tradition and diverse instruments and music forms. Folk songs, religious works, court music, and shaman rituals all express the soul of a nation whose history is filled with colorful and fascinating tales. Traditional Korean music 2 Arts subjects such as landscapes, facial features, Buddhist topics, and an emphasis on celestial Lesson 1: Painting observation in keeping with the rapid Did you know that painting started from prehistoric men? development of Korean astronomy. They used red ochre and black pigment. Early paintings Mountains and water are important features in often showed hunting scenes of man chasing various Korean landscape painting because it is a site for animals such as horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffaloes, building temples and buildings. mammoths, and others. These types of prehistoric Landscape painting represents both a portrayal of paintings were drawn on the walls of caves, blocks of nature itself and a codified illustration of the stone, etc. Some are found in China. human view of nature and the world. Lesson 2: Calligraphy The history of Eastern painting is as old as the civilization To the Chinese, calligraphy is the art of beautiful of China. It is historically comparable to Western painting. handwriting. Traditional painting involves essentially the Eastern countries continued to influence each other’s same techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush production of arts over the centuries. dipped in black or colored ink; oils are not used. In Country Painting Subjects or Themes calligraphy, the popular materials which paintings are CHINA 1. flowers and birds 4. human figures 2. landscapes made of are paper and silk. Poets write their calligraphy 5. animals 3. palaces and temples 6. bamboos and stones on their paintings. JAPAN 1. scenes from everyday life 2. narrative scenes crowded with figures and details Your paintings can be mounted on scrolls, such as hanging SOUTH KOREA scrolls or hand scrolls, album sheets, walls, lacquerware, NORTH KOREA Subjects are divided into five categories: 1. folding screens, and other media. landscape paintings 2. Minhwa (the traditional folk painting) 3. Four gracious plants (plum blossoms, orchids Enrich Your Knowledge about Chinese Calligraphy or wild orchids, chrysanthemums, and bamboo) 4. Did you know that the earliest known Chinese logographs bamboo 5. Portraits (ancient writing symbols) are engraved on the shoulder Important aspects in East Asian Painting bones of large animals and on tortoise shells? Landscape painting was regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. They also consider the For this reason, the script found on these objects is three concepts of their arts: Heaven, Earth, and commonly called jiaguwen, or shell-and-bone script. It Humankind (Yin-Yang). Chinese society, basically was said that Cangjie, the legendary inventor of Chinese agricultural, has always laid great stress on writing, got his ideas from observing animals’ footprints understanding the pattern of nature and living in and birds’ claw marks on the sand as well as other natural accordance with it. Oriental artists often created phenomena. He then started to work out simple images landscapes rather than paintings with the human from what he conceived as representing different objects figure as subjects. such as: Silk was often used as the medium to paint upon, but it was quite expensive. When the Han court eunuch, Cai Lun, invented paper in the 1 st century AD, it provided not only a cheap and widespread medium for writing but painting became more economical. Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, To make make your painting interesting and images, or patterns used widely throughout East Asia. It realistic apply these Six Principles of Chinese originated in China as a method of printing on textiles but Painting established by Xie He, a writer, art historian and critic in 5th century China. eventually became a method for printing on paper. 1. Observe rhythm and movements. . This method was adapted in Japan during the Edo 2. Leave spaces for the eyes to rest. period (1603- 1867) and became one of their 3. Use brush in calligraphy. oldest and most highly developed visual arts. 4. Use colors correctly. The most common theme in Japan for printmaking 5. Live up to tradition by copying the master’s describes scenes from everyday life. It narrates artwork. the scene and is often packed with figures and 6. Copy the correct proportion of the objects and detail. nature. Japanese Ukiyo-e The history of Korean painting dates to 108 CE, The best known and most popular style of when it first appears as an independent form. It is Japanese art is ukiyo-e, which is Japanese for said that until the Joseon dynasty the primary "pictures of the floating world” and it is related to influence of Korean paintings were Chinese paintings. However, Korean paintings have 3 the style of woodblock print making that shows home of the courted to crow every single morning scenes of harmony and carefree everyday living. for the admired lady's family. Bulacan Health Naninilong Lesson 1: Dating, Courtship and Marriage Serenading from the basement Batangas Love and Infatuation are both intense emotions that one Gesture and Action feels for another person. These feelings are most often Serenading with Tagalog love songs accompanied confused for each other by many people. But the two by a guitar feelings differ in their actuality of love, intensity, and final Doing household chores outcome. Pay respect to the woman’s parents by saying Infatuation or crush is the state of being completely “Mano po.” carried away by unreasoning passion or love; addictive Pangasinan love. Infatuation usually occurs at the beginning of Taga-amo relationships when sexual attraction is central. Love can means “tamer” be described as a feeling of intense affection for another is a form of love potion or charm person. It is most often talked about as an emotion Palabas between two persons. means “show or drama” The suitor pretends to commit suicide Attraction is admiration for someone that may include the Kalinga desire to get to know that person better. Attraction Ca-i-sing (Ifugaos) usually takes place in the form of infatuation or crush. Ebgan (Kalingas) Infatuation is admiration for someone while not Pangis (Tingguians) recognizing that person‟s flaws. Crushes usually last for A man and a woman are separated into “houses.” only a short time, few weeks or maybe a few months. The house for the males is called ato, while the These feelings are completely normal and are part of house for females is known as the olog or becoming a young adult. agamang. Palawan Most people begin to form romantic relationships based Pasaguli on love. Love is deep affection for someone and is based Love riddles on a true desire for the other person‟s best interests. In a To assess the sentiments of the parents of both healthy relationship, the other person shares and suitor and the woman responds with the same kind of love. Learning to develop, Pabalic / Pabalik nurture and even deal with the loss of these relationships is done to settle the price in a form of dowry that are important ways to prepare for adult relationships. will be received by the woman from the courting man Courtship - During courtship, a couple gets to know each Cebu other and decides if there will be an engagement. Balak (serenade) Love letters (sent through a trusted friend or Courtship is also a test of compatibility between the two relative of the woman) persons. Presents (to the woman and her relatives) Love potions Courtship is an opportunity to know the background of Leyte each other, including the family where each one belongs. Pangagad / Paninilbihan The suitor accomplishes household and farm Different Traditional Practices of in the Philippines chores for the family of the woman Ilocos Region (approximately 1 year before they get married). Tapat Subok – a trial or test period for the serving suitor serenading (harana) Tausugs of Mindanao “to be in front of the woman’s house” Palabas, sarakahan tupul, or magpasumbahi Tagalog Region A suitor would threaten to stab his heart while in Balagtasan front of the courted woman’s father. The suitor begins singing a romantic song, and If the father of the woman refuses to give her then the courted lady responds by singing, too. daughter’s hand, the suitor is smitten by a knife. Luzon Bagobos of Mindanao Rooster Courtship Send a knife or a spear as a gift to the home of the The rooster is assigned to be the "negotiator", courted woman for inspection. wherein the male chicken is left to stay in the Accepting the weapon is equivalent to accepting the man’s romantic intention and advances. 4 Courtship Practices at the Age of Technology 3. Early and unwanted pregnancy A suitor can court a woman through the use of 4. Fall prey to thieves, robbers, kidnappers, or other types cellphones. Frequent texting and calling one another of criminals develop their feeling of belongingness until such feeling develops into a deeper relationship resulting to love. At times, dating even the people you think you know maybe risky if they are just pretending to be trustworthy A man can court a woman through Facebook, Twitter, but really have bad intentions. Skype or other social networking sites. So what shall you do? It is important to be cautious and Why is it important for couples to undergo a courtship? safeguard yourself to avoid mistakes that you will regret It gives one a chance and time to get to know better the later on. character and background of one’s future lifetime partner. 1. Courting gives time to understand one another. Going steady is a period wherein the relationship between 2. It reveals one’s interests, likes and dislikes limitations, two people remains strong and well. and other aspirations in life. Engagement – a period of agreement entered between 3. It allows couples to decide whether they want to be two people in love for them to be able to know each other committed. and their families well enough to be sure that they are 4. It allows couples to know if they are ready to be ready and are suited for life-long companionship. It committed. provides opportunity to develop interpersonal skills useful 5. It develops security. 6. It develops understanding and before and even within marriage. Time of understanding acceptance. and devoting much time to explore each other‟s strengths and weaknesses so they could adjust to one another. Dating is a social activity which involves two or more Pregnancy Related Concerns and Pre-natal Care people generally assessing each other‟s suitability Pregnancy - the time during which one or more offspring for a potential relationship. Dating can also be develops inside a woman. enjoyed as part of an already active relationship. - The condition or period of being pregnant. The word dating actually comes from the Changes in the Mother’s body during pregnancy arranging of a time and date of meeting. Some of the hormones produced by the pregnant is a form of courtship consisting of social activities woman’s body makes her nauseated, this situation done by two people, as partner in an intimate is called “morning sickness” and usually lasts for 3 relationship or as a spouse. months. it refers to the act of meeting and engaging in The same hormones make the woman’s breasts some mutually agreed upon social activity, enlarge and prepare to produce milk. together, as a couple Over the 9-month period, the woman’s uterus Types of Dating stretches to hold a full-sized newborn baby. a. Standard date – involves two people This stretching makes her abdomen gets larger. b. Double date – two couples go on a date at the same A pregnant woman also experiences swelling of time and place legs, difficulty in sleeping, restlessness, and c. Group date – where any number of couples can irritability as the fetus gets larger. enjoy a date Nourishing the Baby The placenta is an organ that grows in the woman’s uterus Importance of Dating during pregnancy and allows nutrients, gases, and wastes It forms affection and respect. to be exchanged between the mother and the fetus. It strengthens the relationship. During pregnancy, the fetus gets its nutrition from It gives quality time to each other. food that the mother eats. It leads one to observe the other person‟s character. To ensure the health of the fetus, the mother Provides an opportunity for one to know his/her needs to eat healthy foods and takes special strengths and weaknesses in dealing with the opposite sex. vitamins. Dating in a relationship is important because it allows Changes and Symptoms during pregnancy you to get to know the person you are in a relationship Fatigue ●Morning sickness with, while having a good time. Dating helps to reveal any Sleep problems ●Heartburn potential problems you may have if pursuing a more Breast changes ●Varicose veins serious relationship with a person, and it sets the Hair changes ●Leg cramps foundation for marriage Back pain and sciatica ●Pelvic ache and hip pain Hemorrhoids and constipation ●Nosebleeds and Risk connected to dating bleeding gums 1. Date rape Phases of Pregnancy 2. Use of illegal drugs 5 The first trimester of pregnancy lasts from week 1 through week 12. Your first sign of pregnancy may be a missed menstrual period. The second trimester of pregnancy (from week 13 to week 27) is the time when most women start to look pregnant and may begin to wear maternity clothes. By 16 weeks, the top of your uterus, called the fundus, will be about halfway between your pubic bone and your navel. By 27 weeks, the fundus will be about 2 in. (5 cm) or more above your navel. You may find that the second trimester is the easiest part of pregnancy. For some women, the breast tenderness, morning sickness, and fatigue of the first trimester ease up or disappear during the second trimester, while the physical discomforts of late pregnancy have yet to start. Pressure on your bladder may be less as the uterus grows up out of the pelvis. The third trimester lasts from week 28 to the birth. Many women have some discomfort during this time as their belly gets bigger. Sleep problems are common during this period. Complications of Pregnancy
How to take care of a pregnant woman
Accompany her in a daily exercise. Makes her relax by listening to music. Gives her lots of water to drink. Gives her nutritious food to eat. Checks if she sleeps by lying on the left side of her body. Accompany her during regular and as needed prenatal checkups.