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    Mass Timber Building

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    Abel Getachew
    The document provides information about mass timber building, including: 1) Mass timber uses engineered wood products made of laminated layers of wood to form structural panels, beams, and columns that can be used like concrete or steel in construction. 2) Benefits of mass timber include being more sustainable than concrete or steel due to sequestering carbon and requiring less energy to produce, as well as faster construction. 3) Major concerns include the need for sustainable forest management to avoid deforestation, but mass timber has good fire resistance and durability when kept dry.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mass Timber Building

    Uploaded by

    Abel Getachew
    146 views44 pages
    The document provides information about mass timber building, including: 1) Mass timber uses engineered wood products made of laminated layers of wood to form structural panels, beams, and columns that can be used like concrete or steel in construction. 2) Benefits of mass timber include being more sustainable than concrete or steel due to sequestering carbon and requiring less energy to produce, as well as faster construction. 3) Major concerns include the need for sustainable forest management to avoid deforestation, but mass timber has good fire resistance and durability when kept dry.

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    The document provides information about mass timber building, including: 1) Mass timber uses engineered wood products made of laminated layers of wood to form structural panels, beams, and columns that can be used like concrete or steel in construction. 2) Benefits of mass timber include being more sustainable than concrete or steel due to sequestering carbon and requiring less energy to produce, as well as faster construction. 3) Major concerns include the need for sustainable forest management to avoid deforestation, but mass timber has good fire resistance and durability when kept dry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    146 views44 pages

    Mass Timber Building

    Uploaded by

    Abel Getachew
    The document provides information about mass timber building, including: 1) Mass timber uses engineered wood products made of laminated layers of wood to form structural panels, beams, and columns that can be used like concrete or steel in construction. 2) Benefits of mass timber include being more sustainable than concrete or steel due to sequestering carbon and requiring less energy to produce, as well as faster construction. 3) Major concerns include the need for sustainable forest management to avoid deforestation, but mass timber has good fire resistance and durability when kept dry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 44

    UNITY UNIVERSITY

    Department of Architecture & Urban Planning


    LECTURE ON
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    January 2022
    CONTENTS

    • DEFINING FACTORS

    • WHAT IS MASS TIMBER

    • MASS TIMBER PRODUCTION

    • MASS TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEM

    • BENEFITS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • MAJOR CONCERNS

    • PROJECTS
    DEFINING FACTORS

    CLIMATE CRISIS HOUSING


    CLIMATE CRISIS

    GLOBAL TEMPRATURE IS RISING

    • Billions of tons of CO2 are released


    • Building sector - 39 to 51% of CO2
    • 1°C above preindustrial levels
    • The 2015 Paris Agreement – 1.5°C
    • 2100 – above 3°C
    • Irreversible damage
    CLIMATE CRISIS

    FOOD AND WATER INSECURITY

    • Crops are struggling to survive

    • High impact on the poor & vulnerable

    • Economic gap grow wider


    CLIMATE CRISIS

    CLIMATE EXTREMES

    • Droughts, typhoons & hurricanes

    • 90% of disasters

    • 520 billion USD each year,

    • 26 million people into poverty


    CLIMATE CRISIS

    A CATALYST FOR CONFLICT

    • Threat to peace and security


    • Competition for land, food, and water
    • Fueling socioeconomic tensions and
    • Leading to MASS DISPLACEMENT
    • Political unrest and violence
    • 140 MILLION people migrate by 2050
    HOUSING

    • 100,000 people need home each day


    • 3 billion people need home by 2025
    • 1 billion people live in slums
    • 100 million people are homeless
    • 2.48 trillion sq. feet of building by 2060
    • 50% urbanization today
    • 75 % urbanization by 2040
    ‘no problem can be solved from the same
    level of consciousness that created it’
    Einstein

    • Fundamental Transformation
    • How we design, build & manage the built environment,
    • How we manufacture and use building materials,
    • How we grow food, use land, transport goods, and
    • How we power our economies.

    • Gov’t, businesses, civil society, and academia must work together


    • Architects have the responsibility in reducing the CO2 emission
    and restoring the harmony between people and nature.
    New technologies and nature-based solutions
    =
    more resilient and sustainable world
    WHAT IS MASS TIMBER
    WHAT IS MASS TIMBER

    • Smaller wood components together in layers


    • Structural panels, posts, and beams
    • Mass timber products include
    • Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT),
    • Glued-Laminated timber (GLULAM),
    • Dowel-Laminated Timber (DLT),
    • Nail-Laminated Timber (NLT),
    • Laminated-Strand Lumber (LSL), and
    • Laminated-Veneer Lumber (LVL)
    MASS TIMBER PRODUCTS

    Cross-Laminated Timber Glued-Laminated timber


    (CLT) (GLULAM),
    MASS TIMBER PRODUCTS

    Dowel-Laminated Timber Nail-Laminated Timber


    (DLT) (NLT)
    MASS TIMBER PRODUCTS

    Laminated-Strand Lumber Laminated-Veneer Lumber


    (LSL) (LVL)
    MASS TIMBER PRODUCTION
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEM

    POST AND PLATE


    MASS TIMBER BUILDING SYSTEM

    POST – BEAM – PANEL


    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    • Built using a category of engineered wood products typically made of


    large, solid wood panels, columns or beams manufactured off-site

    • Engineered for high strength ratings like concrete and steel but are
    significantly lighter in weight.

    • Thick, compressed layers of wood, creating strong, structural load-


    bearing elements that can be constructed into panelized components.
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    POST-BEAM-PANEL CONNECTION
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    Panels Connect with Panels Connect with


    Single Surface Spline half-Lap Joint Spline
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    Multiple Beams Bear Girders


    Panels on column On Notched Column
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    Multiple Beams Bear on Combined


    Bearing Plate & Beam Hangar
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    Column to Concrete Slab Connection


    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    Panel Bears with Buckets Panel hold-down with


    Rod System
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    Panel Bears with Continuous Panel Bears with


    Proprietary Shoe Knife Plates
    MASS TIMBER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    CONNECTORS
    BENEFITS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Environmentally Responsible
    • 1m3 timber sequester 1 tone of CO2
    • Renewable resource - sustainable forestry practices
    • Retains its carbon through the life of the building
    • Reforestation increases the carbon capture - 2X same
    acreage
    • Less energy is consumed in the production
    • 5 times more efficient than cement for concrete
    • 20 times more energy efficient than the production of steel
    • Supporting the forestry practices of responsible harvesting
    techniques and reforestation practices
    • ASTM certified with Environmental Product Declarations
    (EPD) to provide complete transparency of the materials
    used.
    BENEFITS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Economically Viable and Competitive


    • Reduced construction cycle time
    • Reduction in skilled labor required
    • Improved jobsite safety performance
    • Reduced foundation costs
    • Improved project ROI

    • Architecturally Enabling
    • Connection to nature and environment
    • Biophilic design
    • Warmth and beauty
    • Organic shapes and open spaces
    BENEFITS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Safe, Proven Performance


    • Meets the same performance demands as other materials
    • Char on the outside – protective layer
    • Meets/exceeds the seismic performance of comparable
    steel and concrete buildings
    • Achieve sufficient stiffness, strength, and ductility to resist
    strong winds and earthquakes

    • Lightweight Low Embodied Carbon Material


    • Less footprint – low-and-zero-carbon construction
    • Are 50% carbon by dry weight – sequester carbon well
    • Lower weight – advantage over steel & concrete assemblies
    • Light and strong prefabricated assemblies
    • Curbs emissions due to reduction of transport
    • Decreases a building’s overall foundation costs
    BENEFITS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Efficient, Cost-Saving Construction


    • Faster than other structural assemblies - savings and
    revenue
    • Well suited to prefabrication - modular and panelized
    construction
    • Minimizes the damage on the surrounding

    • Thermal and Health Benefits


    • Lower thermal conductivity compared to concrete, steel-
    frame, & masonry
    • Improves thermal performance by delivering a precise fit
    • Exposed wood for improved occupant well-being
    MAJOR CONCERNS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Deforestation
    Should be sourced from sustainably-managed forests

    Subsistence farming = 48%

    Commercial agriculture = 32%

    Logging = 14%

    Fuel wood removals = 5%


    MAJOR CONCERNS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    Sustainable forest management upholds the following 7


    principles:
    • Conserve bio-diversity
    • Maintain the productive capacity of forest ecosystems
    • Maintain the vitality and health of forest ecosystems
    • Conserve and maintain soil and water resources
    • Maintain the forest contribution to global carbon cycles
    • Maintain and enhance long-term, multiple socio-economic
    benefits to meet the needs of societies and
    • Provide legal, institutional, and economic frameworks for
    forest conservation and sustainable management
    MAJOR CONCERNS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Fire
    • Slow-charring and self-insulating properties, providing
    effective fire protection
    • Can be designed using various performance principles
    The Encapsulation Method
    • Encapsulates all structural mass timber components using Type
    X Gypsum Board and is the more conservative option.
    • Maintains the integrity of the full load-bearing cross-section of
    the structural component.
    The Char Method
    • Allows mass timber to be directly exposed to fire
    • Extra lumber is added during the design phase
    • CLT and Glulam has charring rate of 0.65 mm/min.
    • The char layer acts as an insulating layer for the inner layers,
    thus protecting the structural members from a further loss of
    strength.
    MAJOR CONCERNS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Durability
    • If kept dry, it can have an endless technical lifespan

    Horiyu-Ji Temple in Japan


    The oldest timber building in the world was built in 607 AD
    MAJOR CONCERNS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Strength
    • Mass engineered timber products are strong
    • Some structural load-bearing elements have a higher
    strength to weight ratio than typical concrete mixes
    • Where buildings are designed with timber cores diagonal
    timber bracing can be implemented to resist lateral loads

    • Construction
    • faster, safer, and quieter
    • creates less waste as it uses precise off-site prefabrication
    • decrease construction time by up to 50%
    MAJOR CONCERNS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Sound
    • Interlocking cells that convert sound energy into heat energy
    • Has a greater sound dampening ability than many other
    building materials
    • Absorb sound which is why it is often used to clad walls and
    ceilings in public buildings

    • Maintenance
    • Maintenance needs to be considered in the design of any
    building.
    • The key to the durability of timber is moisture
    • So generally enclosed timber elements within a building will
    last for the accepted design life of any building (50 years)
    MAJOR CONCERNS OF MASS TIMBER BUILDING

    • Building Code
    The 2021 IBC includes three new construction types:
    TYPE IV-A
    • Maximum 18 stories with 972,000 SF Allowable Building Area
    • Primary frame & vertical bearing structure require a 3 hour fire
    resistance rating
    • Most other structures require a 2 hour fire resistance rating
    • All timber required to be protected with noncombustible materials
    TYPE IV-B
    • Maximum 12 stories with 648,000 SF Allowable Building Area
    • Limited-area of exposed mass timber walls and ceilings allowed
    • Most structures require a 2 hour fire resistance rating
    TYPE IV-C
    • Maximum 9 stories with 405,000 SF Allowable Building Area.
    • Most structures require a 2 hour fire resistance rating, but nearly all
    timber can be exposed
    PROJECTS
    PROJECTS

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