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    Science Class 9th Lesson 6 NOTES

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    Chaitanya Seriouskalhapure
    There are four main types of tissues in animals and plants: epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue. Plant tissues include meristematic tissues which divide rapidly and permanent tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma that have structural functions. Animal tissues are made of cells and include epithelial tissues which line organs, muscle tissues which enable movement, connective tissues which connect parts of the body, and nervous tissues which transmit signals in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Tissues combine cells that work together to perform important functions in living organisms.

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    Science Class 9th Lesson 6 NOTES

    Uploaded by

    Chaitanya Seriouskalhapure
    66 views3 pages
    There are four main types of tissues in animals and plants: epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue. Plant tissues include meristematic tissues which divide rapidly and permanent tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma that have structural functions. Animal tissues are made of cells and include epithelial tissues which line organs, muscle tissues which enable movement, connective tissues which connect parts of the body, and nervous tissues which transmit signals in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Tissues combine cells that work together to perform important functions in living organisms.

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    Science Class 9th lesson 6 NOTES

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    There are four main types of tissues in animals and plants: epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue. Plant tissues include meristematic tissues which divide rapidly and permanent tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma that have structural functions. Animal tissues are made of cells and include epithelial tissues which line organs, muscle tissues which enable movement, connective tissues which connect parts of the body, and nervous tissues which transmit signals in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Tissues combine cells that work together to perform important functions in living organisms.

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    66 views3 pages

    Science Class 9th Lesson 6 NOTES

    Uploaded by

    Chaitanya Seriouskalhapure
    There are four main types of tissues in animals and plants: epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue. Plant tissues include meristematic tissues which divide rapidly and permanent tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma that have structural functions. Animal tissues are made of cells and include epithelial tissues which line organs, muscle tissues which enable movement, connective tissues which connect parts of the body, and nervous tissues which transmit signals in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Tissues combine cells that work together to perform important functions in living organisms.

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    Science Class 9th lesson 6 NOTES =

    Introduction to Tissues
    Tissues
    Tissues are a group of cells that combine together to perform a particular function.

    To know more about Tissues, visit here.

    Plant tissues
    Plant tissues are of various types and they are made up of similar types of cells. They are
    different from animal tissues since there are several differences between animal and plant cells.
    Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues are the two types of plant tissues.

    Animal tissues
    Animal tissues are made up of animal cells. These tissues are usually not rigid since the cells do
    not have cell walls.

    Plant Tissues

    Meristematic tissues
    Meristematic tissues are seen in plants. They are primarily made up of rapidly dividing cells. They
    are the growing tissues of the plant.
    Permanent tissues
    Permanent tissues arise from the meristematic tissue and have structural and functional
    properties. Permanent tissue can be made up of either living or dead cells. They are specialised
    to perform a specific function, e.g. parenchyma, collenchyma, xylem, phloem, etc. Permanent
    tissues are of two types simple and complex permanent tissue.
    Differentiation
    Differentiation is the process by which the meristematic tissues develop into different types of
    permanent tissues based on the location and requirement of the plant.
    Apical meristem
    Apical meristem is present on the apex of the plant shoot and root. They are rapidly growing
    tissues and aid in increasing the height of the plant.
    Lateral meristem
    Lateral meristem is present on the lateral walls of the stem. They help in the horizontal growth of
    the plant and increase the stem girth.
    Intercalary meristem
    Intercalary meristem can be found between the nodes of the stem and the base of the leaf. They
    help in branching.
    Simple permanent tissues
    These are tissues that are made up of only one type of cell. They usually have a structural role.
    Complex permanent tissues
    Complex permanent tissues are made by the combination of different types of cells. These cells
    work together to perform a specific task.
    Parenchyma
    Parenchyma tissues are made up of loosely packed cells with thin cell walls and large
    intercellular spaces. They are live cells and help in support and storage. Two types;
    Chlorenchyma and Aerenchyma.
    Read more: Parenchyma
    Collenchyma
    Collenchyma tissues are made up of live cells which have irregularly thickened corners and thus,
    have decreased intercellular spaces. They help in bending various parts of the plant without
    breaking.
    Know more: Collenchyma
    Sclerenchyma
    Sclerenchyma tissues make up the hard and stiff parts of the plant. They are made up of dead,
    long and narrow cells. They almost have no intercellular space as the walls are thickened due to
    the presence of lignin.
    Know more: Sclerenchyma
    Phloem
    Phloem is made up of the following components – sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
    parenchyma and phloem fibres. Phloem conducts food in both directions. Among all the
    components, phloem fibres are the only dead cells.
    Xylem
    Xylem is made up of the following components. The vessels and tracheids – help in the
    conduction of water and minerals from the soil. Xylem parenchyma helps in food storage and the
    xylem fibres provide mechanical support.
    Also see: Difference Between Xylem And Phloem
    Squamous Epithelium
    Squamous epithelium form an extremely thin and flat layer of tissues. They are semi-permeable
    and thus, perfect for gaseous exchange. They are present in the lining of oesophagus and mouth.
    Cuboidal Epithelium
    As the name suggests, they are cuboidal in shape and form the lining of salivary glands and
    kidney tubules. They provide mechanical support. They also form glandular epithelium when they
    form glands.
    Columnar Epithelium
    These tissues line the organs which help in absorption and secretion, such as the lining of the
    intestines. They are made up of elongated cells. When cilia is present on these cells, they form
    ciliated columnar epithelium like those present in the respiratory tract.
    Stratified Squamous Epithelium
    This kind of tissue is formed when multiple layers of squamous epithelium are arranged in a
    pattern. Our skin is made up of this kind of tissue.

    Read more: Epithelial Tissue


    Muscular Tissue
    These tissues make up our muscles which are responsible for almost all the movements that
    take place in the body.

    Striated/Skeletal Muscles
    All the voluntary movements in our body are carried out by the striated or skeletal muscles. They
    are called skeletal because these tissues are mostly attached to the bones. They are long,
    cylindrical, unbranched with striations and multinucleated.
    Unstriated/Smooth Muscles
    Almost all involuntary movements in the body are carried out by the smooth or striated muscles.
    They are long, smooth, spindle-shaped and uninucleate. We can find them in places like the
    alimentary canal and blood vessels.
    Cardiac Muscles
    Cardiac muscles make up our entire heart. These muscles are involuntary in nature and show
    rhythmic contractions and relaxations. Structurally they may look quite similar to striated
    muscles but they are branched, uninucleated and have intercalated discs.

    Know more: Muscular Tissue


    Connective Tissues
    These tissues help in connecting different parts of the body. Examples include blood, bones,
    cartilages, tendons, ligaments, areolar tissues and adipose tissues.

    Read more: Connective Tissues

    Nervous Tissue
    Nervous tissue makes up the entire brain, spinal cord and nerves of the body. They are
    responsible for all sensations, consciousness, memory and emotion.

    Further reading: Nervous Tissue


    Neurons
    These are the cells that form the entire nervous system. Neurons consist of a cell body, axon and
    axon terminals.

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